x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION iv
APPROVAL v
ABSTRACT vi
ABSTRAK vii
DEDICATION vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF FIGURES xv
LIST OF TABLES xvii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION xviii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the study 1
1.1 Problem statement 2
1.2 Objectives of the research 2
1.3 Scope of research 3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 4
2.1 Heat transfer 4
2.2 Modes of heat transfer 2.2.1 Conduction
5 5
xi 2.2.1.1 Thermal conductivity
2.2.2 Convection 2.2.3 Radiation
7 8
9 2.3 Parameter
2.3.1 Temperature 2.3.2 Relative humidity
2.3.3 Ventilation 11
11 14
15 2.4 Radiant brooder
2.4.1 Radiant heat 2.4.2 Radiant zone
16 17
18
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 20
3.1 First milestone 21
3.2 Second milestone 22
3.3 Third milestone 3.3.1 Material for brooder body
3.3.1.1 Cardboard 4x3 ft. 3.3.1.2 Superlon insulator
3.3.2 Heat sources 3.3.2.1 Philips 100W incandescent bulb.
3.3.2.2 Sheet metal 3.3.3 Bedding material
3.3.4 Food and water container 3.3.5 Material for adjustable stand
3.3.5.1 Pvc pipe and fitting 24
24 24
25 25
26 27
27 28
28 28
xii 3.3.6 Material for brooder base
3.3.6.1 Half inch wood 3.3.6.2 Plastic wheel YD-W153.W154
3.3.6.3 Garden net and circular hole 3.3.6.4 Small engsel
3.3.7 Devised use to take data 3.3.7.1 Temperature and humidity meter
3.3.7.2 Digital camera 29
29 30
30 31
31 32
3.4 Fourth milestone 3.4.1 Procedure design development
3.4.2 Procedure to run experiment 33
33 42
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Experiment 1 and 2 43
4.3
4.4 Result for experiment 1 without bedding and chicks
4.3.1 Calculation for average temperature 4.3.1.1 Average temperature for ambient
4.3.1.2 Average temperature for 50 brightness 4.3.1.3 Average temperature for 100 brightness
4.3.2 Calculation for average humidity level 4.3.2.1 Average humidity level for ambient
4.3.2.2 Average humidity level for 50 brightness 4.3.2.3 Average humidity level for 100 brightness
Experiment 2 with bedding and without chicks 4.4.1 Calculation for average temperature
44 46
46 46
46 48
48 48
48 49
51
xiii 4.5
4.6 4.7
4.8 4.4.1.1 Average temperature for ambient
4.4.1.2 Average temperature for 50 brightness 4.4.1.3 Average temperature for 100 brightness
4.4.2 Calculation for average humidity level 4.4.2.1 Average humidity level for ambient
4.4.2.2 Average humidity level for 50 brightness 4.4.2.3 Average humidity level for 100 brightness
Temperature comparison of experiment 1 and 2 Humidity comparison of experiment 1 and 2
Experiment 3 with bedding and chicks 4.7.1 Calculation for average temperature
4.7.1.1 Average temperature for ambient 4.7.1.2 Average temperature for 50 brightness
4.7.1.3 Average temperature for 100 brightness 4.7.2 Calculation for average humidity level
4.7.2.1 Average humidity level for ambient 4.7.2.2 Average humidity level for 50 brightness
4.7.2.3 Average humidity level for 100 brightness Behaviour of chicks at different height
51 51
51 53
53 53
54 55
56 58
60 60
60 60
62 62
62 63
64
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
