For further analysis, the writer wants to do a research in the form of thesis entitled “An Analysis of Translation Procedures in the novel Adventures of Tom
Sawyer by Mark Twain”.
B. The Focus of the Study
The writer focuses on kind of translation procedures that are used by the translator and its application in the translation. It can be analyzed from the words,
sentences, or phrases in the translation whether it is used transposition, modulation, adaptation or other translation procedures.
C. Research Question
Based on the explanation above, it is necessary to have the answer of these questions below:
1. What sentences seem to be unnatural in the novel Petualangan Tom
Sawyer by Mark Twain?
2. How does the translator apply the translation procedures in the novel?
D. Objectives of the Study
The goal of the research is to discuss about translation procedures used in the novel translation Petualangan Tom Sawyer and to discover what sentences
that seems to be unnatural in the translation. This research is also generally to add more knowledge about translation procedures for students especially for English
letters students.
E. Significance of the Study
This research practically can motivate all students of English Letters Department to analyze other aspects of translations in further research and
theoretically the significance of this thesis will help the students to enrich knowledge about translation especially translation procedures.
F. Research Methodology
1. Method of the Study
The writer analyzes the data using qualitative method. She answers the research questions by describing the problems in the research. She describes
the procedures of translation used and sentences that seem unnatural in the novel.
2. Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis of this study is the novel Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
published by Bantam Classic Books New York in January 2004 and its translation Petualangan Tom Sawyer by Djokolelono published by PT.
Dunia Pustaka Jaya Jakarta in 2006.
3. The instruments
The instruments that are used in this research besides the original novel and its translation are reference books from many sources that are related to
the research. The writer is also supported by other instruments; they are
articles, journals, internets and reliable dictionaries which are relevance with the research.
4. The Technique for Data Analysis
Firstly, the writer reads the original novel and compares to its translation to find the data. Then she looks up what the translation procedures are used in
the data to analyze how the translator applied the procedures. After that, she categorizes the data based on each kind of translation procedure they are.
Finally, if there is any incorrect or mislead meaning in the translation, the writer looks up a reliable dictionary to finds out whether the meaning is
suitable or not.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The Definition of Translation
There are many definitions of translation. Most of all, translation is described as an activity transferring source language next called “SL” form into
target language next called “TL”. Translation is also the process of changing the small units of language such as words, phrases, clauses, paragraphs and others
written or spoken into another language. In Wikipedia, it is confronted that translation is an activity comprising the
interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language – source text - and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language – called the target text, or
the translation.
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In the mean time, there are several definitions confronted by the expert taken from many sources, such as:
1. Nida and Taber defined that translating consists in reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
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2. According to Catford, Translation is the replacement of a textual material
in one language by equivalent textual material in another language.
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2
http:en.wikipedia.org, accessed on July 28
th
, 2009
3
Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 1974, p.12
3. Peter Newmark confronted that translation is a craft consisting in the
attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language.
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4. According to Larson, translation is basically a change of form. When we
speak of the form of a language, we are referring to the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraph, etc., which are spoken or written.
In translation the form of the receptor target language replaces the form of the source languages.
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In translation seems that there are two important elements that are related to each other, namely the content and the form. The content of a translation is
meaning or message, and the form is a language unit. In this case, it is emphasized on meaning and its message, though the realization of retelling the message
obviously influenced by the language form. According to Newmark, translation is concerned with moral and with factual truth.
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Based on Malmkjaer, “A translator has a set amount of time in which to produce in a TL a text which must fulfill a specific purpose for a specific
readership in a specific spatiotemporal setting. This text, the Target Text TT, has to be based to a great extent on another text, the source text, which exists in a
4
J. C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1965 p. 20
5
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Perganon Press. 1981, p. 7
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Mildred L. Larson, Meaning Based on Translation: A Guide to Cross – language Equivalent.
Lanham: University Press of America. 1984 p. 3
7
Peter Newmark, About Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 1991 p. 1
language other than TL, the Source Language SL, SL too has a specific purpose to fulfill for a specific readership in a specific spatiotemporal setting, but the
purposes, readership and setting for the two texts are, of course, never the same.”
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It is stressing that translation is not more located in the form of the message, but in the readers’ response towards translation product. The response of the target
language readers must be compared with the response of the source language readers’ towards the message in that source language. The response of both
readers are possibly and relatively the same.
B. Kinds of Translation
