2.1 The Scope of Semantics
Semantics can be recognized as a level of linguistic description and as a component of linguistic.
What one does really try to do in semantics is to explicate or to make explicit the sentence with various grammatical constructions which are used and understood by
native or fluent speaker of a language. Sentence consists of words, and the words which are used in a part of speech as a component of sentence. Nonetheless semantics can be
considered from the word meaning point of view and from the sentence meaning. Language might be thought as a system of communication which the one is called
as the signifier, and the other one is called as the signified. The signifier is a word in the language and the signified is the object in the word that it stands for, refers to or denotes.
Words, that is to say, they are ‘names’ or ‘labels’ for things and activities. In learning the names of things, we also create a word and say something. The use
of word always has a strongest view which relates sentences to actual things and events. The view we have just been criticizing relates words and things directly and relates
them through the mediation of concepts of the mind.
2.2 Concept
Concept is the idea of mind, to represent the word for the purpose of communication and also constitutes of mental experience on interpretation. John Locke in
his An Essay concerning Human Understanding 1960 echoes Aristotle, before going on to say that there mental experiences of the word meaning that symbolize them.
Two of the best-known concept versions are the sign theory of de Sausure and triangle concepts of Ogden and Richard. According to de Sausure, as we have seen, the
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linguistic sign consists of a signifier and a signified, and the both are linked by
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a psychological associative bond. The noise we make and the objects of the world that we talk about are mirrored in some ways by conceptual entities.
Thought or Reference
Symbol Referent
a Symbols
The symbol is of course, the linguistic element : the word, sentence. Symbols concern a continued system of terms, each of them represents an element of another system. Symbols
have the various forms according to the language used because every language have a certain form of writing which is poured into a words or a sentences such as Arabic word,,
Latin word, chinesse word, etc.
b Referent
The referent is the object that we have seen. By looking an object we can describe what the object like is and translate it into words or sentence.
Ogden and Richard 1923 employed the term ‘referent’ for any object or state of affairs in the external world that is identified by means of a word or an
expression and ‘reference’ for the concepts which mediates between a word or an expression and the referent.
So like Ogden and Richard cite above it can be inferred that every object we have seen we can describe it into words or sentences or in expression.
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c. Thought or Reference
Thought or reference is the concept of our minds. Whenever we have a word, there will be a concept and the concept will be the ‘meaning of the word’.
Thought or reference deals with the relationship between the linguistic elements, word, sentence, etc. It might seem reasonable to argue that semantic is
concerned only with the way we relate our language to our experience and say that the reference is the essential element of semantic.
Thought or reference talks about the interpretation of sentence and how these interpretations are related to the things spoken about, without giving indication how
we can proceed them from one to another. It has been emphasized that the thought or reference is an utterance dependent
notion, whenever we talk of an expression in a sentence which have reference, we are assuming that the sentence has been, or could be, uttered with a particular
communication.
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