41
3.4 Outcomes of T2DM
This section describes the outcomes of all T2DM patients for the year-ending 2008.
3.4.1 Follow-up status
Of the 72 patients in the entire registry for 2006-2008, 31 reports of the annual census for the year-ending 2008 were received. Thus, the information on
outcomes was available in 43.1 3172 of the total registered T2DM patients. Of this population with known outcomes, there was no reported death and 87.1
2731 were still on active follow-up, of whom 3.2 131 was transferred to
another centre. There were 9.7 331 patients who were lost to follow-up for more than one year Table 3.4.1.1 and Figure 3.4.1.1.
The high proportion of unknown outcome 56.9 4172
was due to failure to report follow-up data. Due to this inadequate information, the following results
may not be a true reflection of actual outcomes.
Table 3.4.1.1 Outcome of T2DM patients by 31
st
December 2008, DiCARE 2006-2008 N=31
Follow-up status n
On active follow up 27 87.1
Lost to follow up 1 year 3 9.7
Transferred to another centre 1 3.2
Transferred to adult care
42
3.4.2 Hospitalisation
Hospitalisation status of 43.1 3172 patients was identified with follow-up data, of whom 13.8 429
– due to 2 missing required hospitalisation for diabetes-related complications. One patient was admitted for diabetic
ketoacidosis DKA while 3 were admitted for stabilisation of diabetes. No patient was admitted for severe hypoglycaemia Table 3.4.2.1 and Table 3.4.2.2.
Table 3.4.2.1 Frequency of hospitalisation due to diabetes related condition in T2DM in the past 12 months, DiCARE 2006-2008 N=31
Hospitalisation n
Known Yes
4 13.8 No
25 86.2 Unknown n=2
Table 3.4.2.2 Hospitalisation by diabetes-related complications for T2DM patients in the last 12 month, DiCARE 2006-2008 N=4
Hospitalization n=4 n DKA
1 25.0 Stabilization of diabetes
3 75.0 Severe hypoglycaemia
3.4.3 Chronic complications of T2DM
All patients with T2DM should be screened for chronic complications at diagnosis ref ISPAD Guidelines 2009. In this report, between 10 and 19 of patients
were not screened. This is most likely due to lack of awareness on the standard of care by the attending doctor. Of those who were screened, the most
43 commonly reported complication was microalbuminuria in 19.2 526 patients,
followed by nephropathy with 7.1 228 and retinopathy in 7.7 226 patients. No patient was found to have neuropathy Table 3.4.3.1 and Figure
3.4.3.1.
Table 3.4.3.1 Chronic complications of T2DM patients in the past 12 months, DiCARE 2006-2008 N=31
Complications n
Microalbuminuria screened n=26 Present
5 19.2 Absent
21 80.8 Not screened
3 9.7 Missing
2 6.5 Nephropathy screened n=28
Present 2 7.1
Absent 26 92.9
Not screened 1 3.2
Missing 2 6.5
Retinopathy screened n=26 Present
2 7.7 Absent
24 92.3 Not screened
3 9.7 Missing
2 6.5 Neuropathy screened n=25
Present 0 0.0
Absent 25 100
Not examined 3 9.7
Missing 3 9.7
Chronic complications i.e microalbuminuria, nephropathy and retinopathy were seen in patients older than 10 years. However, no neuropathy was reported in
these patients.
44
Table 3.4.3.2 Complications by age group of T2DM patients in the last 12 months, DiCARE 2006-2008
Complications n
Microalbuminuria 10 - 15 year
2 40.0 15 - 20 year
3 60.0 Nephropathy
10 - 15 year 2 100.0
15 - 20 year Retinopathy
10 - 15 year 1 50.0
15 - 20 year 1 50.0
Neuropathy 10 - 15 year
15 - 20 year
It is important to note that chronic complication can occur as early as 0.4 years after diagnosis.
Table 3.4.3.3 Duration of diabetes in relation to chronic complications of T2DM patients, DiCARE 2006-2008
Complications Only
At least Median IQR 1
st
- 3
rd
Median IQR 1
st
- 3
rd
Microalbuminuria 1.2 IQR 0.8 - 6.1
3.2 IQR 1.0 - 5.7 Nephropathy
3.4 IQR 2.3 - 4.4 3.4 IQR 2.3 - 4.4
Retinopathy 0.4 -
2.8 IQR 0.4 - 5.3 Neuropathy
- -
Only refer to only one complication At least
refer to at least one complication
3.4.4 Glycaemic control
Kategori