B: How long y’ gonna be here? A: Uh- not too long. Uh just till Monday.
B: Till- oh yih mean like a week f’ m tomorrow. A: Yah.
Liddicoat, 2007: 191 The original speaker is B, who brings the topic about A’s stay, asks A about
his plan. A answers it by saying that he will be in that place until Monday but he does not give exact time. Therefore, B makes A’s statement clearer by giving
more exact time. Then, A accepts B’s correction. 4
Other-initiated other-repair: the recipient does both initiate the problem and the repair. For example:
M: Loes, do you have calendar? L : Yeah
M: Do you have one that hangs on the wall? L : Oh you want one.
M: Yeah.
Liddicoat, 2007: 176 L as the recipient does not understand that M does not just give question to
her, so she just says “Yeah”. M actually requests L to lend her a calendar. Therefore, when M does not get it, L asks M again to emphasize her intention.
Finally, L understands and then repairs her mistake immediately.
3. Turn Taking
In a conversation, the speaker and the listener always change position; hence, the speaker will be the listener and vice versa continuously. It is called turn
taking. The speakers’ exchange is the most noticeable feature in social interaction Liddicoat, 2007: 51. Conversation will not be achieved if the speaker always
talks without giving any turn to the listener to speak.
According to Wooffitt 2005: 26, in achieving turn taking, both participants actually feel uncertain about what will be the topic, as well as when the turn will
end, and other things at the beginning of the conversation. Even though those vagueness may seem disturbing the process, actually they do not. The
conversation still runs orderly without any gap or silence. There are various ways to understand the construct, but it depends on the region and culture where the
interaction takes place. Sacks in Liddicoat 2007: 57 states that there are three possible completion
marks when the speaker gives floor to the listener and the listener is ready to take the floor. The first mark is grammatically complete. It means that the speaker has
finished hisher sentence. Intonationally complete is the second way that the utterer may raise hisher tones to end his utterance. The last and most important
mark is complete in action. The first participant should have done hisher action, such as questioning and answering.
To create a smooth turn taking without any overlap or gap, Sacks et al. 1974:704 suggests three possibilities. The three basic rules are explained below.
a. The speaker invites the next speaker to talk in order to take the floor. It can be
done by asking himher to talk or asking himher a question. b.
The speaker considers the possibility of change speaker has come when nobody has the floor, so heshe has courage to start talking.
c. If those two rules do not appear, the current speaker can remain silent or
continue hisher turn.
Turn taking means that one speaker at one time, so it does not produce a simultaneous speech. It will raise a problem when two participants in a
conversation, talk at the same time. This situation, of course, sometimes occurs in people’s daily conversation. It seems problematic because it can make
misunderstanding for both parties.
4. Interruption
