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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology employed in the study. This includes the descriptions of the research method, the research subjects, the setting of the
study, the source of the data, the data collection and the data analysis.
A. Research Method
This study was a descriptive research. According to Donald Ary, Lucy C.J and Asghar R 1990: 381, descriptive research was designed to obtain
information concerning the current status of phenomena. In this study, the phenomenon was collocational errors, whic h were made by the students of
Writing II of the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. Descriptive research consists of several research studies. They are surveys,
developmental studies, follow- up studies, documentary analysis, trend analysis and co-relational studies Ary et al, 1990: 381. In this research, the study is a
documentary analysis. Writing II assignments were analyzed in order to answer the question in this research. There are some purposes of document analysis in
educational research Ary et al, 2002: 443. They are: 1.
To identify bias prejudice, or propaganda in textbooks; 2.
To analyze types of errors in students’ writing; 3.
To describe prevailing practice; 4.
To discover the level of difficulty of ma terial in textbooks or other publications;
5. To discover the relative importance of, or interest in, certain topics.
This research deals with the second purpose of document analysis mentioned by Donald Ary. The errors to be analyzed in this study are collocational errors in
the students’ writings. According to the purpose of this study, qualitative research was applied in
this study. Qualitative research is a research, which is used to systematically gather data Sprinthall, 1991: 100. In qualitative research, the data is in the form
of words Neuman, 2000: 123 or description which is derived from observation, interview, and people’s written or spoken words Sprinthall, 1991: 102. By using
the method, the researcher obtained descriptive data.
B. Research Participants
The participants of this study were twenty five students of the second semester at the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University who were taking Writing II in the academic year of 20052006. The students of Writing II were chosen because they were studying how to write
creatively using their own words. It was assumed that collocational errors would be found if the students were given freedom to write creatively. It was different
from the higher semester students who wrote some essays which needed many references. The students who wrote by using references did not always use their
own words. Besides, they have learnt so many vocabulary items in Vocabulary class. The researcher wanted to know the collocational errors that were made
when they wrote compositions creatively using their stock of vocabulary. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The total number of the second semester students in Sanata Dharma University was 150 students who ranged from 17-20 years old. This number of
students were divided into six classes of Writing II. However, since it would not be possible to involve the entire classes of the entire population of the students,
the researcher applied random cluster sampling to select the subject of the study. Random cluster sampling is occurred when a researcher chose a class from a list
of classes randomly and used all the members in that class as the sample in his or her research Ary et al, 1990: 175. It was chosen one class randomly, which is
class D, as the representation of the second semester students in Sanata Dharma University. There were 28 students in this class. Of these 28 students, 18 were
female and 10 were male. In this class, there were three students who were retaking writing II. Since the subjects of this study were the second semester
students, the three of them could not be included in the subjects. Therefore, the total number of the subjects would be 25 students.
C. Setting of the Study
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