Theory of Eating Disorders

this factors; people often tend to be the skinniest possible to be like their role models often advertised in the TV, magazines and all over the internet. “The disorder of anorexia is caused by this sociocultural factor, the main reason why people develop an eating disorder is because they want to fit in society, want to match the concept of what is beautiful for society” Bruch, 1973: 217. This causes stress to the ones who want to be considered beautiful and accepted by society. As well stress causes an impact in loosing weigh increasing peoples appetite that can cause a terrible effect leading to nutritional deficiencies. The eating disorder theory can also be seen from the oral stage in Freud’s psychosexual development theory. The first stage of psychosexual development is the oral stage, spanning from birth until the age of one year, wherein the infants mouth is the focus of libidinal gratification derived from the pleasure of feeding at the mothers breast, and from the oral exploration of his or her environment, i.e. the tendency to place objects in the mouth Freud, 1962:19. Too much or too little gratification of desire might lead to an oral-stage fixation, characterised by passivity, gullibility, immaturity, unrealistic optimism, which is manifested in a manipulative personality consequent to ego malformation. In the case of too much gratification, the child does not learn that he or she does not control the environment, and that gratification is not always immediate, thereby forming an immature personality Freud, 1962: 20. From that oral stage, Freud in his book says t hat “eating disorder viewed as a fixation in oral stage of psychosexual development in which gratification occurs orally, it is act as a defense mechanism” Freud, 1962: 22. In the oral PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI stage fixation Freud says that child might resist maturation and return to dependence upon others in fulfilling his or her needs Freud, 1962: 22.

C. Theoretical Framework

There are five theories which are applied in this study. They are theory of characters and characterization, basic concepts of using psychoanalytic approach, theory of defense mechanism, social learning theory and eating disorders theory. The first theory is the theory of character and characterization, which is the basic theory that is used to show the character of Francesca Dietrich. This theory of character and characterization is very important to use to analyze the story. The theory helps the writer to know the characteristic of Francesca. Besides, the writer also finds about the physical condition of character and the social relationship to know about the factors that lead her for suffering eating disorder. The second theory used is the basic concepts of using psychoanalytic approach. This theory helps the writer to find the relation between Francesca’s character development and the reason behind her anorexia nervosa. This theory uses four basic concepts of using psychoanalytic approach. The first concept is a distressing event or situation occurring in youth that are buried into the unconscious mind. In this part the writer will find the distressing event that occurs in Francesca. The writer also uses the theory of eating disorder in order to find Francesca’s distressing event. The eating disorder theory helps to find the reason how the distressing event in Francesca can happen. The second concept is the occurrence of defences to protect mind from the repressed experience. This part shows how Francesca uses defences to protect her mind from the distressing event. In this part the writer also uses the theory of defense mechanism to gain more information about that. The third concept is the core issues caused by the repressed or buried experience. In this part the writer finds the core issues that lead Francesca to her destructive behaviour. The theory of social learning is also used to help to find the core issue. The social learning theory is used to find the relationship between Francesca and people around her besides family. From its relationship it will be known how the relationship can affect her core issue. The last concept is the occurrence of self-destructive behaviour. This part shows how Francesca’s eating disorder can happen. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI