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are taken from all of the words, dialogues, phrases, and sentences occurring in the novel related to the topic which can be discovered by interpreting. Meanwhile, the second are taken from essays,
comments, and critical reviews about The Godfather, the author biography, and any references that give relevant information to the analysis of the research.
E. Sampling
A way or technique in obtaining or taking sample is called sampling. Sample itself is a particular part that is sufficiently representative for the population or a group of individuals whose
characteristics will be considered. The population of this research is all the characters in the novel of Mario Puzo’s The Godfather and the sample is Don Vito Corleone with his behaviors in the way
he influence the attitudes of his men and his motivations in influencing the attitudes of his men.
F. Instrument
Instrument is tools or facilities used by the researcher in collecting data Arikunto, 2002: 136. Further, Hornby defined instrument as an implement or a piece of apparatus used for
particular purpose, especially for delicate works; or, a person or thing that makes something happens 1995: 619. It is clear that the instrument is not only a thing but also a person.
There are two kinds of research method, namely reactive method and non-reactive method. Reactive method is a method in which the researcher takes part in the research situation
and non-reactive method is a method in which the researcher does not in the research situation but only uses physical traces and sign left behind by people such as records and archives. The second
method, non-reactive method, is suitable with literary research. In this literary research, the researcher uses text of the novel as the tool to collect data. So the text of the novel here functions
as instrument of the research. The researcher, in addition, is also an instrument of collecting data. She is the centre of
data collecting in which the process and the quality of the data depend most on her.
G. Technique of Collecting Data
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In this study, library research is used, therefore the data are collected from the books, magazines, written texts, documents and so on. The first step is reading the novel the Godfather by
Mario Puzo many times to identify the problems and to get the data. Therefore, problems statements and research objectives can be drawn. The second step is collecting some supporting
data from any critical reviews, essays, internet and other references related to the topic. Therefore, the problems appearing will be able to be answered completely.
H. Technique of Analyzing Data
