2.2.9.1. Definition of Action Research
According to Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Yoga 2012: 27, action research is a group of activity and a piece of descriptive research carried out by a teacher in
hisher own classroom. While, Wallace in Yoga 2012: 27 says that action research is designed as the systematic collection and analysis of data relating to
the improvement of some area of professional practice.
From the definitions above, I conclude that action research is an action in a research which is done by a teacher or researcher in hisher own classroom system
through hisher reflection to solve the problems faced by the students and to improve learning and teaching process so that the result of the students improve as
well.
2.2.9.2. Steps of Action Research
Steps in action research mean discussing the way to conduct an action research. According to Phillips 2010: 77, a cycle consists of four steps ; 1 planning, 2
acting, 3 observing, and 4 reflecting. The steps which are carried out are presented as follows: 1 Planning. The
plan means identifying the problem area. It is conducted before I start the action research; 2 Acting, doing the action is the main phase of action research. It is the
implementation of the plan that I have made to solve the problems; 3 Observing. I have to observe all activities during the research to analyse whether the solution
was successful or not; 4 Reflecting. A reflection is an effect to inspect what has
been done. The result of it is used to establish the next steps of the research
2.3. Theoretical Framework
In order to limit the study in such a way it will be focused and easy to search the data, I concern on four main terms, they are:
1 Descriptive Text In this study I focus on writing activity. I apply writing the descriptive text of the
teaching material. The seventh grade students of SMP have got to make a descriptive text effectively. It becomes the focus of this research to help the
students improve their writing skill especially in writing descriptive texts. 2 Writing
In this study writing is an activity in teaching and learning process in which the students are able to express their ideas, thought, opinions and feeling and organize
them based on the theme given by the teacher. I also give some clues for the students to help them in composing their writing.
3 Attribute Charts I will always give the activities using this strategy, so whole stages of the writing
process will always be featured with the data in the Attribute Charts. The use of Attribute Charts will include from the initial step, writing a single word to explore
the ideas, the middle step: writing a sentence in order to organize the ideas, and also the final step writing the students‟ short paragraph.
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