globalization, and the health of the environment, including the world’s atmosphere and oceans, are all legitimate subjects of concern in terms of how they affect the ‘security’ of the individual
UNDP 1994, Nef 2002
.
C. Methodology
Authors use explanatory design in this paper. It mean uses there are many teory such as humanitarian intervention and, human right and responsibility to protect to explain the case in
south east asia especially rohignya in Myanmar . Unit analyzes is group, states international organization and group. states analyzed is Myanmar and ASEAN,. Thoses states and are
includeding in ou discussion about intervention in Rohingnya . International organization such ASEAN are reperesentative of international community which approve the R2P in Myanmar.
The authors use desk library research to get data by books, journal, magazines and so on as representative secondary data. Desk library research is used because it was the possible metode
to get data . author belief that metode has representative and objective details.
D. Paper Explanation D.1 ASEAN Take Action
ASEAN as south east organization has particulary norms and principles towards its member. Al least, there are four norms and principles that underline the sustainability of ASEAN. Firstly,
opposing the use of violence and prioritizing peace full solution. Secondly, regional autonomy. Thirdly , non –interfence principle. Fourthly, refusing the establishment of military alliance and
emphasizing bilateral security cooperations amitav acharcya : 2001. Therefore, ASEAN has been criticized for its position in Myanmar, in particular for its policies of “non-interfence” and
contructive enggagment humantitarian practice network : ASEAN. Considering the ineffectiveness of ASEAN, the case of rohingnya in Myanmar need more powerfull
organization and greater aid. Thi is inevitable mve moment where the united nations can participate thoroughly to resolve the conflict in Myanmar. The outrageously aggressive
repression, denial of citizenship, forced labour, and arbitrary confiscation of property. human right watch, 2015. To rohingnya as etnic minority han conceded this as crimes against
humanity. Thus, it touches the sense of human security where it relates to the problem of individual will being and safety . B. Mendowitz, 1974.
Myanmar is south east asia nation that belongs to united nations member states. It has mandatory obligation to commit compliance with principle in charter of United nations. On of
principles is to maintain international peace and security, and to the end : to take or collective measure for the prevention and removal of threat to the peace. And for the suppression of acts
of agreesion or other breaches of the peace and to bring about by peacefull means and in conformity with the principle of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of
international dispute or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace united nations, 2015. So, in order to maintain international peace and security , Myanmar ought to create its
national peace first.
The etnic tension between rohingnya and Arakanese conflict increasing. The status quo in Myanmar shows that there is a striking discrimitation to rohingnya ethnicity. The people of
rohingya got special policy from Myanmar government which is the limitation of family
reproduction is two children only and theya are not also recognized as citizen and face persecuetion. BBC news, 2001. The government of Myanmar applied this policy because they
believe that the more people of rohingnya exits the more problem appear. As result . thousand Rohingnya have been forcibly leaving Myanmar and become boad people currenly. It is very
terrible seeing numerous rohingnya died in the sea. It is very inhuman phenomenon. Therefore, humanitarian assistance such as responsibility to protect is totally necessary. The prolonged
conflict in Myanmar has created great anttention for the world to look after it. Evethough there is a special regional organization in south east asia namely ASEAN. But ASEAN not have
effective respon with rohinya in Myanmar.
Special principle about non-internfence must avoided to take responsibility to protect or humanitarian action in Myanmar. Myanmar as legal state is was not kept their citizen by mass
killing and genoside Rohingya. Myanmar have to responsibility by their action in their citizen. Rohinya as ordinary people in Myanmar have equal right and equal obigations as
Myanmar people. On other hand, ASEAN must be denied Myanmar access as member of ASEAN. Myanmar must be punished by ASEAN such as economic embargo, trading embargo
or drive out Myanmar from membership of ASEAN. Author thing that ASEAN is very democratic organization, so ASEAN must be show to wolrd thar ASEAN pro with humanity
and pro with human right. If the ASEAN take action in Myanmar only just negotiation and contraproductin minds, then military intervention in Myanmar is very possible and logic
strategis to solve and kept rohingya by their government. .
D.2 Rohingnya and Human Security
In May 2015, a double tragedy unfolded in the Bay of Bengal when Thai authorities discovered camps where refugees and migrants from Bangladesh and Myanmar had been held
in transit, and been so badly treated that many had died. The disclosure led to a crisis when the smugglers absconded. Their clients had nowhere to go but sailed around without enough food
or water, until they were allowed to land in Malaysia, Indonesia or Thailand. Meanwhile many died. This was the first – acute – tragedy. The other is permanent. Many of the perhaps 1.3
million Rohingya, the majority of whom live in Myanmar without citizenship rights, while the remaining reside in Bangladesh or other countries, have so poor living conditions, or are so
badly treated, that tens of thousands place their fate in the hands of smugglers. As long as this tragedy is allowed to persist, it will lead to new acute crises. prio.org : 2105
Rohingya has become the most ironic phennomenon in Southeast Asia. Since 1990s, they have been exiled, displaced from their homeland in northern Myanmar. According to UNHCR,
almost 140,000 people still displaced in Rakhine State, while over 800,000 persons are estimated to be without citizenship in the northern part of the State. This conditions “were
gravely concerned” by UNHCR and seem to be one of the biggest humanitarian challenge in Southeast Asia today. However, while international community has expressed its concerns
regarding the Rohingya problem, we also witness lack of responses from Government’s officials in Southeast Asia. Until present, there is no significant response from ASEAN as the
biggest regional institution in Southeast Asia, who aims to construct a ‘political security community by 2015.
What went wrong with Rohingya and, in particular, ASEAN? I would like to analyze this problem from three level of analysis: the ‘communal identity’, state regime, and regional
institution. First, the Rohingya problem is related, most importantly, with the question of
identity. If we want to identify Rohingya, there will be a question: “who are Rohing people? Are they Burmese, or belong to other nationals? Myanmar’s citizen act has ironically denied
Rohing as one of their citizen, thus excluding the Rohing people out from Myanmar. However, they are also unable to be identified as Bangladeshi, for example, because they have inhabited
the Burmese land since hundreds years ago, even before the British colonial age. ugm.ac.idAsean Studies Center : 2015
Thus, the main problems facing Rohing people now is the identity problem –the exclusion of Rohing from the existing Westphalian political order. This should be addressed more
critically by International Relations scholars. Second, the Rohingya problem is also closely related to the political authoritarianism in Myanmar who uses its political apparatuses to
repress the Rohings and exile them out from the state. Even though the authoritarian government has been much more softened within these years, the Rohingya problem is still
untouchable. According to Ahmad Suaedy, one of Indonesian activist who declared his support to minority groups in ASEAN People’s Forum 2014, any attempts to discuss the Rohingya
problem was cut by the local Monk. Even the government stopped any attempts to discuss this issue at ASEAN meeting. Therefore, any attempts to find a political solution to Rohingya
problem have been constrained by the authoritarian regime in Myanmar.
Third, the Rohingya problem is also aggravated by the lack of response from ASEAN Member States as well as the ASEAN Institution. This is ironic because since 2003, 10 ASEAN
Member States have agreed to establish a political community in the region by 2015 and since 2009 they have signed the ASEAN Charter. According to the Charter, ASEAN shall become a
‘people-oriented organisation’ and there will be a Human Rights Body in ASEAN Later known as ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human RightsAICHR. Even though the body
has been established since 2009, it also faces incapacity in dealing with various human rights issues, including its silence in a ‘sensitive’ minority issue like Rohingya. ugm.ac.idAsean
Studies Center : 2015
For the boat people of Southeast Asia, each day begins with a thickening sense of uncertainty, despair and a fading glimmer of hope. Thousands have been rescued in the past
month by authorities and fishermen in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia after being stranded in the Andaman Sea. While some are Bangladeshis migrating for better jobs abroad, the majority
are Rohingya Muslims escaping persecution in Myanmar. After last months regional summit in Thailand in which 17 countries participated, along with the UN refugee agency and the
International Organisation for Migration, the host said major progress had been made. However, the meeting failed to address the root cause of the problem; delegates refrained from
uttering the word Rohingya to ensure Myanmars participation, even though the Rohingya are the principal victims of the crisis. The summits failure to effectively address a humanitarian
crisis shows the inherent weakness of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in grappling with regional issues. Some argue that the boat people crisis is not particularly an Asean
problem, saying we shouldnt hold all of Southeast Asia accountable for Myanmars ethnocentric policies. However, the reality is that Aseans existing structure limits its ability to
put into force the collective political will to mitigate this human tragedy. scmp.com : 2015
ASEAN have to make special policy in tragedy, rohingnya must be kept, must be saved and must be back to their land. If the ASEAN cant solve the problem, so the purposes to make
Asean community will be fail. Because the Asean community is created with equal by etnicty of Asean, problem ini Myanmar must be solve to show to the world that ASEAN is
representative and democratic regionlisme. Author thing rohingya issue isnot soft human issue but it is the heavy issue of human right. If the ASEAN want to kept and moving forward future
and dream organization in southeast asia problem of rohingya must be solve before.
E. Conclusion
