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1. Definition of Total Physical Response.
TPR is a hands-on approach to second language learning in which the teacher infuses language through commands and by which the student responds
with kinesthetic body movement to show total comprehension. The TPR Total Physical Response teaching style was developed in
response to the observation that Adults...in first language acquisition manipulate childrens physical behavior by a massive number of commands. The infant
becomes ready to talk only after many months of moving in response to gentle directions from adults. At first, probably the infant listens to the instruction
without giving any responses. After the instruction has been repeated for several times in weeks or months, the infant will be able to imitate or respond depending
on the stage of producing words. In other words, learning foreign language seems to be similar with that case.
The students who do not know about the language will be given some instructions based on the need. They need not to utter, just listen and do the instruction from
the teacher. Later, they will be capable in saying the same utterances when they are ready to speak.
To determine whether students understand about the material, teacher can pay attention to the student’s response. There are three types of test item
responses existing for listening: action response, evaluation response, and communication response. All are intended to create a response that can be used to
evaluate listening comprehension skill without resorting to the other language skills or with only minimal use of simple utterances that make little or no demand
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on the speaking skill. In an action response one hears a command and physically carries out the command.
The complexity of the teachers utterance and the degree of familiarity of the utterance could become factors in the determination of scores. An evaluation
response calls for the learners to give some indication of whether an utterance accurately portrays reality, or which of a set of possible responses is the correct
one. Action response and evaluation response items call for little or no use of speaking, while communication response calls for oral response. The students
utterance involves not only their perception of the teachers message, but also its intent and the formulation of an appropriate response with well-chosen linguistic
structures. It can be concluded that TPR is a method of teaching foreign language
through some commands to give oral experiences to students in acquiring language with kinesthetic movement.
2. History of Total Physical Response
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