x
3.3 MOULD PREPARATION 39
3.3.1 Mould Designing 39
3.3.2 Mould Specification 39
3.4 PROCESS SEQUENCE OF SAMPLE PREPARERATION
40
3.5 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 41
3.5.1 Shear Test 42
3.5.2 Microstructure 43
3.5.2.1 Microstructure Analysis 44
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
45
4.1 INTRODUCTION 45
4.2 SHEAR TEST
46
4.3 MICROSTRUDTURE OBSERVATION 52
4.3.1 Optical Microscope 52
4.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscope 55
5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
58
REFERENCES 60
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Different metal particles shapes and manufacturing methods.
11 Table 3.1
Typical chemical composition for copper alloy- C106. 41
Table 3.2 Typical chemical composition for aluminum 2024.
42 Table 4.1
The Data of Al-SS smooth surface. 47
Table 4.2 The Data of Al-SS v-shape surface.
47 Table 4.3
The Data of Sn-SS smooth surface. 49
Table 4.4 The Data of Sn-SS v-shape surface.
49
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Formation of a composite material using reinforcement
and matrix. 8
Figure 2.2 Continuouse fiber composites and short fiber composites.
10 Figure 2.3
The interface function. 18
Figure 2.4 Interlock of mechanical bonding.
19 Figure 2.5
Electrostatic bonding. 20
Figure 2.6 Chemical bonding.
20 Figure 2.7
Reaction that involving polymer. 21
Figure 2.8 Interfacial that formed by interdiffusion.
21 Figure 2.9
Single fiber test. 24
Figure 2.10 Illustration of specimen geometry.
25 Figure 2.11
Cross-sectional diagram of loaded indentor. 26
Figure 2.12 Iosipescu shear test fixture.
27 Figure 2.13
Test fixture and specimen by Arcan et al. 1978. 28
Figure 2.14 Modified Wyoming shear test fixture.
29 Figure 2.15
Idaho shear test fixture. 30
Figure 2.16 FPL shear test fixture.
31
xiii Figure 2.17
Specimen dimension of Single Fiber Pull-Out Test. 32
Figure 2.18 Single Fiber Test
33 Figure 2.19
Optical Microscope 34
Figure 2.20 SEM component.
35 Figure 2.20
SEM operating. 36
Figure 3.1 Material involve and parameter consideration.
38 Figure 3.2
Mould specification. 39
Figure 3.3 The process sequence of sample composites preparation.
40 Figure 3.4
Single Fiber Test 43
Figure 3.5 Pull-Out Shear Test Diagram
43 Figure 4.1
Sample 46
Figure 4.2 The position of The Sample at UTM
46 Figure 4.3
Shear Test of Al-SS Composites 48
Figure 4.4 Shear Test of Sn-SS Composites
50 Figure 4.5
The Shear Test for Smooth Surface 51
Figure 4.6 The Shear Test For V-Shape Surface
51 Figure 4.7
Microstructure on Boundary Surface with 500X, Al-SS 52
Figure 4.8 Microstructure on Boundary Surface with 500X, Sn-SS
53 Figure 4.9
Microstructure on Interface Region 55
xiv
NOMENCLATURE
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscopy. TEM
Transmission Electron Microscope. ASTM
America Society for Testing and Materials. MMC
Metal Matrix Composite. PMC
Polymer Matrix Composite. CMC
Ceramics Matrix Composite. EDM
Electrical Discharge Machining. Al
Aluminum. SS
Stainless Steel. Sn
Stannum.
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND