x
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 A brief summary of extrusion history
8 2.2
Show the effect of aging on the properties of Aluminium Alloy 2014. 20
2.3 Alloy Selection
21
3.1 The material information of aluminium
41
3.2 The information of design extrusion Die
41
5.1 Data of object type for geometry model
65 5.2
The meshing data of all geometry 67
5.3 The material properties with application
69 5.4
Parameter data speed control 70
5.5 The contact relation Data of other component
75 5.6
The simulation control data 77
6.1 Comparison result database with to geometry parameter
90
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 The Extrusion Process
3 1.2
Schematic outline of forward extrusion process 4
2.1 Direct extrusion
11 2.2
Indirect extrusion 12
2.3 Impact extrusion
13 2.4
Standard extrusion shape 15
2.5 Scheme of direct extrusion
15 2.6
Extrusion principle 16
2.7 Age -hardening heat treatment phase diagram
17 2.8
Show the result the tensile strength of the material 18
2.9 Show the Changes in Microstructure
18 2.10 The hardness and tensile strength variation during aging and overaging
19 2.11 Direct Extrusion Process
25 2.12 Extrusion constant as a function of temperature for assorted metal.
Alter P. Lowenstein, ASTME paper 28
2.13 Microstructure of extruded UO
2
: A parallel to the extrusion direction B Perpendicular to the extrusion direction. For Nuclear Metal.Inc
28 2.14 The Stress-Strain Curve with Effects of Unloading
31 2.15 Particles displacement simulation in the structure
32 2.16 Nominal and tangential constraints
33
3.1 Methodology of the Project
39 3.2
Flowchart of the develop design 43
3.3 The flow charts DEFORM 3D finite element analysis FEA stages.
46
4.1 External View of the Extrusion Die Isometric View
50 4.2
Explode View of the Extrusion Die Isometric View 50
4.3 Third angle projection view of the Extrusion Die Four Views
51 4.4
Die Land Plate Model 52
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4.5 Top view die land plate
52 4.6
Show the section view of die land plate and zooming curve on details shape die
53 4.7
Top view die pre-land plate 53
4.8 The Dimension Curve Details in Shape Pre-land Die Plate, the
Section View of Die Land Plate and 3D-Solidmodel 54
4.9 Model of die transition plate isometric view
54 4.10 Top view and section detail dimension of die transit plate
55 4.11 Front view of die transit plate
55 4.12 The curve of die transit plate
55 4.13 3D model of die adapter plate
56 4.14 The details dimension curve of die adapter plate
56 4.15 First angle projection view of die adapter plate
57 4.16 3D model of extruder mounting plate
57 4.17 First angle projection view of extruder mounting plate
58 4.18 3D model of Heater Band
58 4.19 First angle projection view of Heater Band
59 4.20 Hex Flange Bolt Small ISO
59 4.21 Specific dimension of Hex Flange Bolt Small ISO
60
5.1 Opening DEFORM 3D Pre- Processor window
62 5.2
The Project Window. 63
5.3 Process setting window.
63 5.4
Pre-processor with the object tree in project view 64
5.5 For Geometry data options import with red box step
66 5.6
The model meshing window 67
5.7 The Remeshing Criteria Window
68 5.8
Result Meshing Workpiece Aluminium 68
5.9 The material library DEFORM 3D
69 5.10 The stem movement assign the mechanical press
70 5.11 Result the input data speed for primary die
71 5.12 Result the node contact condition with stem
72 5.13 Result the node contact condition with liner
72 5.14 Result the node contact condition with extrusion die
72
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5.15 Result the heat exchange defined 73
5.16 The parameter temperature and node contact condition 73
5.17 The result diffusion with environment on aluminium 74
5.18 The contact relation data of with other component 75
5.19 The simulation stopping control 76
5.20 The simulation control 77
5.21 The input checking and generate database 78
5.22 The simulate window 78
5.23 The simulate graphics 79
5.24 The post-processor window 79
5.25 Simulation Summary Window 88
6.1 The FEM model and extrusion parameters
82 6.2
The billet extended with different design die standard a and optimization b
83 6.3
The result graph standard die design of the total strain-time 84
6.4 The result graph new die design of the total strain-time
84 6.5
The contours distribution of stresses for extrusion with different standard die design a and new die design b
85 6.6
The result graph standard die design of the total stress-time 85
6.7 The result graph new die design of the total stress-time
86 6.8
a,b Effective stresses and c,d effective strain of the standard die and new die design
87 6.9
The result graph standard die of the total stress-strain 87
6.10 The result graph new die design of the total stress-strain 88
6.11 The comparison result from standard die design and new die design of the total temperature-time
88 6.12 The comparison result from standard die design and new die
design of the total heat flux 89
6.13 Reducing the cavity parameter on extrusion process flow 91
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CAD -
Computer Aided Design FEM
- Finite Element Modelling
FEA -
Finite Element Analysis ISO
- International Organization for Standardization
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1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
