Ratna Juwita Ningsih,2013 The Use of Spelling Bee Game
to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu93
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology of the conducted study to answer the two research questions previously stated in chapter one. It covers research design,
variables, hypotheses, population and sample, research instruments, research procedure and data analysis.
3.1 Research design
Regarding the main aim of this study that is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of Spelling Bee game to improv
e students‟ vocabulary mastery, the study used a quantitative method with one-group pretest-posttest of pre-experimental
design. This kind of design compares the students‟ learning achievement before and after the treatments through the pre-test and post-test results. Hatch and Farhady
1982 proposed the design as follows: T
1
X T
2
T1 : Pre-test X : Spelling Bee game treatments
T2 : Post-test
Ratna Juwita Ningsih,2013 The Use of Spelling Bee Game
to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu93
21
This study used one-group pretest-posttest of pre-experimental research design for several reasons. Firstly, for limited time and cost, it was not feasible to use the true
experimental design. Secondly, there was no other method had been chosen as the treatment for control group.
Variables
There were two variables in this study: an independent and a dependent variable. Hatch and Farhady 1982 define an independent variable as the major
variable which is selected, manipulated and measured by the researcher. On the other hand, they define a dependent variable as the variable which is observed and
measured to determine the effect of the independent variable. The independent variable of this study was the use of the Spelling Bee game, while the dependent
variable was students‟ vocabulary mastery.
Hypotheses
The study proposed the null hypothesis denoted by H and alternative
hypothesis denoted by H
A
which are formulated as follows: Ho
: x
1
=x
2
H
A
: x
1
≠ x
2
The null hypothesis H in this study is that
“there is no significance difference in students‟ vocabulary mastery before and after the Spelling Bee game
treatments”. While the alternative hypothesis H
A
is that “there is a significant
Ratna Juwita Ningsih,2013 The Use of Spelling Bee Game
to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
| repository.upi.edu
| perpustakaan.upi.edu93
22
difference in students‟ vocabulary mastery before and after the Spelling Bee game treatments”.
Therefore, by rejecting the null hypothesis, the study was able to support the correctness of the alternative hypothesis, which means that the experiment worked.
3.2 Data Collection
