3. Sounds made by human, in some related studies, this kind of onomatopoeia is called Giseigo, Japanese onomatopoeia which discribing a
human and animals sounds
25
, 4. Miscellaneous sounds
26
, in some related studies, this kind of onomatopoeia is called Gitaigo, Japanese onomatopoeia which describing
visual tacticle and other non auditory sensitive impression
27
. Onomatopoeia in every language are often used to express an impression
in a personal, emotion manner, and expression, therefore it considered indispensable not only in conversation
28
, but also in literature and many kinds of communication media.
B. Types of Onomatopoeia
In the previous studies of sounded words or expression onomatopoeia, there are atleast three types of onomatopoeia which have been classified by
Bredin 2005. In his journal Onomatopoeia as a Figure and Linguistic Principle he found out that:
1. The first type of onomatopoeia which he later calls direct onomatopoeia occurs whenever the denotation of a word os a class of sounds; the sounds
of the word resembles a member of class. To put technically, the sounds of the word resembles the sound that it names. For example: hiss, moan,
25
Ibid.
26
Tsoi Wat Chuen Thomas and Chung Hoi Wai Clara, op.cit., p. 4
27
Hiroko Inose, op.cit., p. 98
28
Martin Flyxe, “Translation of Japanese Onomatopoeia Into Swedish”, Gӧ teborg: Gӧ teborg University Department of Oriental and African Languages, 2002, p. 54
cluck, whirr, and buzz. Those words are immediately clear and ofcourse it sounded like how it denoted
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. 2. The second type of onomatopoeia occurs whenever the sound of a word
resembles the sound associated with whatever it is that the word denotes. For example: cuckoo, bubble, smash, whip. None of these words has a
sound that resembles the object or actions that they denote. Whip is a sound made by whip, smash has a slight resemblance to a sounds that may
accompany the act of breaking or destroying. Bubble resembles has some similiarities to the sound of bubbling liquid. This type of onomatopoeia is
called associative onomatopoeia. Association is just as much a matter of degree as ais acoustic resemblance
30
. 3. The third types is called exemplary onomatopoeia. Its foundation rests
upon the amount and character of the physical work used by a speaker in uttering a word. The relevant properties of these words-the properties
which consitute their acoustic character have technical name such as voicing, stopping, plosiveness, stress, length, juncture, eventhough we do
not know their names the properties are responsible for familiar aspect of our everday linguistic experience. The differences
between this onomatopoeia with the two onomatopoeias which mention before are the
first, the second term of the onomatopoeic relation is to be found in a word’s connotation, not its denotation, the second, the relation between the
two terms is relation on instantiation, not of resemblances. For example
29
Bredin Hugh ,” Onomatopoeia as a figure and linguistic principle”, ProQuest document link, No 555-569 Summer, 1996, p. 3
30
Ibid., p. 4
the word nimble does not sounds like anything that can be denoted by word, and it cannot resemble the idea connoted by it, since sounds and
concepts cannot “sound alike”; concepts have no sound. Instead, the word sound instantiates or exemplifies nimbleness, since itself a nimble sound
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.
C. The Function of Onomatopoeia
