B. Focus of the Study
In doing this research, the writer focuses on the analysis of the intrinsic element of poem; they are imagery and figurative language in Robert Frost’s
poem, To Earthward 1923 and Wind and Window Flower 1913.
C. Research Question
Based on the explanation above, the research question is formulated as follow: 1. What are the imagery and figurative language described in poems Robert
Frost’s poems with the titles To Earthward and Wind and Window Flower? And what are their meanings?
D. Significance of Study
This research is expected to increase the readers knowledge about literary particularly in poetry and to provide accurate information about the imagery and
the figurative language in the poems of Robert Frost.
E. Research Methodology a.
The Objective of Research
The purposes of this research is to know and understand kinds of imagery and figurative language in two poems of the Robert Frost, To Earthward
1923 and Wind and Window flower 1913 in order to understand the poems.
b. Research Methods
In this research, the writer uses qualitative method with the analytic- descriptive writing method. He analyses the unit analysis by using every
reference related to the study and then describe imagery and figurative language contained in the poem.
c. Technique of Data Analysis
In this study, the writer uses a qualitative analysis technique. The analysis is based on the methods and relevant theories or approaches. The writer
classifies several lines of the poems that have imagery and figurative language and then the writer analyzes and explains them.
d. Instrument of the Research
The instrument of this research is the writer himself. The writer reads two poems of Robert Frost and analyzes kinds of imagery and figurative language
of the poems.
e. Analysis Unit
The unit of analysis in this research is Robert Frost’s poems entitled: To Earthward taken from: Robert Frost, To Earthward Volume, published by
New Hampshire in 1923 and Wind and Window Flower taken from: Robert Frost, Wind and Window Flower, published by A boy’s will in 1913.
f. Time and Place Research
This research was conducted on 8
th
semester, 2010 in English letters department, Adab and Humanities Faculty of State Islamic University Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Imagery
According to Steven Croft and Hellen Cross, an image is a language use in such a way as to help us to see, hear, feel, thing about or generally understand
more clearly or vividly what is being said or the impression that the writer wishes to convey.
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Siswantoro explains that imagery can be meant as a mental picture, a picture, portrait or picture illusion created as a result of a readers reaction in
understanding the poem. Imagery emerges as a process to continue imagism developing an active reader to find explicit meanings in the text. To find the
imagery, the readers must have good readings supported by the mastery of vocabulary, grammar, and cultural aspects. The readers have to be aware that the
text is not our language, so we must adjust with enthusiasm the other text. Because of that the readers will be able to understand imagery by having a good
participant with cognitive and emotional.
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Laurence Perrine and Thomas explain that the word ‘image’ perhaps most often suggest a mental picture, something sense in the mind’s eye. Therefore
visual imagery is the kind of imagery that occurs most frequently in poetry. An image also represents a sound auditory imagery; a smell olfactory imagery; a
taste gustatory imagery; touch, such as hardness, softness, wetness, or heat and
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Steven Croft and Hellen Cross, Literature, Criticism, and Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p.56
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Siswantoro, Apreasi Puisi-Puisi Sastra. Surkarta: Muhammadiyah University Press, 2002, p.49
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cold tactile imagery; an internal sensation, such as hunger, thirst, fatigue, or nausea organic imagery; or movement or tension in the muscles or joints
kinesthetic imagery.
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Imagery usually calls a mental picture in a poem, where the readers can experience what the poem says. Essentially the true “meaning” of a poem lies in
the total effect that it has upon the readers. Very often that effect stimulates a response which is not just a reaction to what poet has to say, but which draws on
the readers’ intellectual and emotional experience. Imagery can be of central importance in creating this response within the readers.
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The image function is: to provide a clear picture, to create a special atmosphere, making life images and thoughts and senses and also to attract the
readers to poetry.
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B. Kinds of Imagery 1.
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