s ing 0703844 table of content(1)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ..........................................................
PREFACE ........................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................
LIST OF CHARTS ..........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
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viii
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xii
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1.1 Background ..................................................................................
1.2 Statements of Problems................................................................
1.3 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................
1.4 Limitation of the Study ................................................................
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................
1.6 Research Method .........................................................................
1.6.1 Research Design ................................................................
1.6.2 Hypothesis .........................................................................
1.6.3 Sample ...............................................................................
1.6.4 Data Collection ..................................................................
1.6.5 Data Analysis .....................................................................
1.7 Clarifications of Terms ................................................................
1.8 Organization of Paper ..................................................................
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1
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5
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6
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9
9
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ............................................
2.1 Reading ........................................................................................
2.1.1 The Purpose of Reading .....................................................
2.1.2 Types of Reading ...............................................................
2.1.3 Reading Comprehension ....................................................
1) Literal Reading ..............................................................
2) Interpretive Reading ......................................................
3) Applied Reading ...........................................................
2.1.4 Reading Difficulties in Foreign Language.........................
2.2 Descriptive Text ...........................................................................
2.3 Mind Mapping Technique............................................................
2.4 Teaching Reading using Mind Mapping Technique....................
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11
13
14
16
18
19
20
24
25
26
29
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................
3.1 Research Method .........................................................................
3.1.1 Research Design ................................................................
3.1.2 Variables ............................................................................
3.2 Hypothesis....................................................................................
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33
3.3 Subject..........................................................................................
3.4 Data Collection ............................................................................
3.4.1 Reading Tests .....................................................................
3.4.2 Interviews...........................................................................
3.4.3 Class Observation ..............................................................
3.5 Research Procedure ......................................................................
3.5.1 Organizing Teaching Procedure ........................................
3.5.2 Administering Pilot Test ....................................................
3.5.3 Administering Pretest and Posttest ....................................
3.5.4 Conducting Treatments ......................................................
3.5.5 Administering Interviews ..................................................
3.5.6 Conducting Class Observation...........................................
3.6 Data Analysis ...............................................................................
3.6.1 Scoring Technique .............................................................
3.6.2 Data Analysis on the Pilot Test..........................................
3.6.2.1 Validity Test ..........................................................
3.6.2.2 Reliability Test ......................................................
3.6.2.3 Testing of Difficulty Level ....................................
3.6.3 Data Analysis on Pretest and Posttest ................................
3.6.3.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
3.6.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
3.6.3.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
3.6.3.4 Effect Size .............................................................
3.6.4 Data Analysis on Interview................................................
3.6.5 Data Analysis on Class Observation ..................................
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................
4.1 Findings........................................................................................
4.1.1 Pilot Test Results ...............................................................
4.1.1.1 The Validity Test on Pretest ..................................
4.1.1.2 The Reliability Test on Pretest ..............................
4.1.1.3 Testing of Difficulty Level on Pretest ...................
4.1.1.4 The Validity Test on Posttest ................................
4.1.1.5 The Reliability Test on Posttest.............................
4.1.1.6 Testing of Difficulty Level on Posttest .................
4.1.2 Pretest Results ....................................................................
4.1.2.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
4.1.2.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
4.1.2.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
4.1.3 Posttest Results ..................................................................
4.1.3.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
4.1.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
4.1.3.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
4.1.3.4 Effect Size .............................................................
4.1.4 Interview Results ...............................................................
4.2 Discussions ..................................................................................
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63
63
70
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS................................. 75
5.1 Conclusions .................................................................................. 75
5.2 Suggestions .................................................................................. 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 78
ABOUT THE WRITER
APPENDICES
APPROVAL PAGE
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ..........................................................
PREFACE ........................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................
LIST OF CHARTS ..........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
iii
iv
v
vii
viii
xi
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1.1 Background ..................................................................................
1.2 Statements of Problems................................................................
1.3 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................
1.4 Limitation of the Study ................................................................
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................
1.6 Research Method .........................................................................
1.6.1 Research Design ................................................................
1.6.2 Hypothesis .........................................................................
1.6.3 Sample ...............................................................................
1.6.4 Data Collection ..................................................................
1.6.5 Data Analysis .....................................................................
1.7 Clarifications of Terms ................................................................
1.8 Organization of Paper ..................................................................
1
1
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
9
9
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ............................................
2.1 Reading ........................................................................................
2.1.1 The Purpose of Reading .....................................................
2.1.2 Types of Reading ...............................................................
2.1.3 Reading Comprehension ....................................................
1) Literal Reading ..............................................................
2) Interpretive Reading ......................................................
3) Applied Reading ...........................................................
2.1.4 Reading Difficulties in Foreign Language.........................
2.2 Descriptive Text ...........................................................................
2.3 Mind Mapping Technique............................................................
2.4 Teaching Reading using Mind Mapping Technique....................
11
11
13
14
16
18
19
20
24
25
26
29
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................
3.1 Research Method .........................................................................
3.1.1 Research Design ................................................................
3.1.2 Variables ............................................................................
3.2 Hypothesis....................................................................................
31
31
31
33
33
3.3 Subject..........................................................................................
3.4 Data Collection ............................................................................
3.4.1 Reading Tests .....................................................................
3.4.2 Interviews...........................................................................
3.4.3 Class Observation ..............................................................
3.5 Research Procedure ......................................................................
3.5.1 Organizing Teaching Procedure ........................................
3.5.2 Administering Pilot Test ....................................................
3.5.3 Administering Pretest and Posttest ....................................
3.5.4 Conducting Treatments ......................................................
3.5.5 Administering Interviews ..................................................
3.5.6 Conducting Class Observation...........................................
3.6 Data Analysis ...............................................................................
3.6.1 Scoring Technique .............................................................
3.6.2 Data Analysis on the Pilot Test..........................................
3.6.2.1 Validity Test ..........................................................
3.6.2.2 Reliability Test ......................................................
3.6.2.3 Testing of Difficulty Level ....................................
3.6.3 Data Analysis on Pretest and Posttest ................................
3.6.3.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
3.6.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
3.6.3.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
3.6.3.4 Effect Size .............................................................
3.6.4 Data Analysis on Interview................................................
3.6.5 Data Analysis on Class Observation ..................................
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39
39
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40
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41
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45
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48
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................
4.1 Findings........................................................................................
4.1.1 Pilot Test Results ...............................................................
4.1.1.1 The Validity Test on Pretest ..................................
4.1.1.2 The Reliability Test on Pretest ..............................
4.1.1.3 Testing of Difficulty Level on Pretest ...................
4.1.1.4 The Validity Test on Posttest ................................
4.1.1.5 The Reliability Test on Posttest.............................
4.1.1.6 Testing of Difficulty Level on Posttest .................
4.1.2 Pretest Results ....................................................................
4.1.2.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
4.1.2.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
4.1.2.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
4.1.3 Posttest Results ..................................................................
4.1.3.1 Normality Distribution Test ..................................
4.1.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test..............................
4.1.3.3 Independent t-test ..................................................
4.1.3.4 Effect Size .............................................................
4.1.4 Interview Results ...............................................................
4.2 Discussions ..................................................................................
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49
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49
50
51
52
54
54
55
56
57
57
59
59
60
61
63
63
70
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS................................. 75
5.1 Conclusions .................................................................................. 75
5.2 Suggestions .................................................................................. 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 78
ABOUT THE WRITER
APPENDICES