S ING 0900178 Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL .......................................................................................... i
DECLARATION ................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................x
LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Study ...............................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ..............................................................................3
1.3. Aim of the Study ...........................................................................................3
1.4. Scope of the Study ........................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the Study ..............................................................................4
1.6. Research Methodology..................................................................................4
1.6.1. Research Design ......................................................................................4
1.6.2. Research Participants...............................................................................5
1.6.3. Data Collection .......................................................................................5
1.6.4. Instrument ...............................................................................................5
1.6.5. Data Analysis...........................................................................................6
1.7. Clarification of Terms ...................................................................................7
1.8. Organization of the Paper..............................................................................7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................9
2.1. Grammar .......................................................................................................9
2.1.1. Definition and Elements of Grammar .................................................... 9
2.1.2. The Importance of Grammar..................................................................12
2.2. Error Analysis .............................................................................................14
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
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2.3. Sources of Errors .........................................................................................18
2.4. Types of Grammatical Errors ......................................................................19
2.5. Writing.........................................................................................................29
2.5.1. Definition of Writing.............................................................................29
2.6. Argumentative Essay ...................................................................................31
2.6.1. Linguistic Features of Argumentative Essay ....................................... 31
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................33
3.1. Formulation of Problem ..............................................................................33
3.2. Research Method .........................................................................................33
3.2.1. Research Design ....................................................................................33
3.3. Data Collection............................................................................................34
3.3.1. Research Participants ............................................................................34
3.3.2. Instrument..............................................................................................34
3.4. Research Procedure .....................................................................................35
3.4.1. Collection of Students' Essays...............................................................35
3.4.2. Multiple-choice Test..............................................................................35
3.4.3. Interview................................................................................................35
3.5. Trustworthiness ...........................................................................................36
3.6. Data Analysis.............................................................................................37
3.6.1. Analysis of Students' Essays..................................................................36
3.6.2. Analysis of Students' Multiple-choice Test............................................36
3.6.3. Analysis of Students' Interview..............................................................36
3.7. Validity.........................................................................................................38
3.8. Reliability.....................................................................................................39
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ..............................................40
4.1. Findings .......................................................................................................40
4.1.1. Types of Grammatical Errors Found in Students’ Argumentative
Essays ..............................................................................................................40
4.2.2. Data Analysis from Students’ Multiple-choice Test ..............................51
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.3. Data Analysis from the Interview .........................................................52
4.2. Discussions.................................................................................................57
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................60
5.1. Conclusion ..................................................................................................60
5.2. Recommendation.........................................................................................61
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................62
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 ESL Writing Error Categories. ...............................................................20
Table 2.2 Larger Error Categories ..........................................................................21
Table 2.3 Common Helping Verbs .........................................................................22
Table 2.4 Pronoun Categories.................................................................................29
Table 4.1 Types of Grammatical Errors in Students’ Argumentative Essays..........40
Table 4.2 Errors in Articles/Determiners.................................................................41
Table 4.3 Errors in Subject-verb Agreement...........................................................43
Table 4.4 Errors in Noun.........................................................................................44
Table 4.5 Errors in Sentence Structure....................................................................46
Table 4.6 Errors in Word Choice.............................................................................48
Table 4.7 Errors in Pronouns...................................................................................49
Table 4.8 Errors in Multiple-choice Test.................................................................51
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 A Depiction of Grammatical Knowledge, Ability and Performance ....10
Figure 2.2 Common Linking Verbs ........................................................................23
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Instructions for Writing the Essay
Appendix B: Students’ Argumentative Essays
Appendix C: Students’ Result of Multiple-choice Test
Appendix D: Validity Test Using SPSS 22.0 for Windows
Appendix E: Students’ Interview Transcriptions
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL .......................................................................................... i
DECLARATION ................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................x
LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Study ...............................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ..............................................................................3
1.3. Aim of the Study ...........................................................................................3
1.4. Scope of the Study ........................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the Study ..............................................................................4
1.6. Research Methodology..................................................................................4
1.6.1. Research Design ......................................................................................4
1.6.2. Research Participants...............................................................................5
1.6.3. Data Collection .......................................................................................5
1.6.4. Instrument ...............................................................................................5
1.6.5. Data Analysis...........................................................................................6
1.7. Clarification of Terms ...................................................................................7
1.8. Organization of the Paper..............................................................................7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................9
2.1. Grammar .......................................................................................................9
2.1.1. Definition and Elements of Grammar .................................................... 9
2.1.2. The Importance of Grammar..................................................................12
2.2. Error Analysis .............................................................................................14
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3. Sources of Errors .........................................................................................18
2.4. Types of Grammatical Errors ......................................................................19
2.5. Writing.........................................................................................................29
2.5.1. Definition of Writing.............................................................................29
2.6. Argumentative Essay ...................................................................................31
2.6.1. Linguistic Features of Argumentative Essay ....................................... 31
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................33
3.1. Formulation of Problem ..............................................................................33
3.2. Research Method .........................................................................................33
3.2.1. Research Design ....................................................................................33
3.3. Data Collection............................................................................................34
3.3.1. Research Participants ............................................................................34
3.3.2. Instrument..............................................................................................34
3.4. Research Procedure .....................................................................................35
3.4.1. Collection of Students' Essays...............................................................35
3.4.2. Multiple-choice Test..............................................................................35
3.4.3. Interview................................................................................................35
3.5. Trustworthiness ...........................................................................................36
3.6. Data Analysis.............................................................................................37
3.6.1. Analysis of Students' Essays..................................................................36
3.6.2. Analysis of Students' Multiple-choice Test............................................36
3.6.3. Analysis of Students' Interview..............................................................36
3.7. Validity.........................................................................................................38
3.8. Reliability.....................................................................................................39
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ..............................................40
4.1. Findings .......................................................................................................40
4.1.1. Types of Grammatical Errors Found in Students’ Argumentative
Essays ..............................................................................................................40
4.2.2. Data Analysis from Students’ Multiple-choice Test ..............................51
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.3. Data Analysis from the Interview .........................................................52
4.2. Discussions.................................................................................................57
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................60
5.1. Conclusion ..................................................................................................60
5.2. Recommendation.........................................................................................61
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................62
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 ESL Writing Error Categories. ...............................................................20
Table 2.2 Larger Error Categories ..........................................................................21
Table 2.3 Common Helping Verbs .........................................................................22
Table 2.4 Pronoun Categories.................................................................................29
Table 4.1 Types of Grammatical Errors in Students’ Argumentative Essays..........40
Table 4.2 Errors in Articles/Determiners.................................................................41
Table 4.3 Errors in Subject-verb Agreement...........................................................43
Table 4.4 Errors in Noun.........................................................................................44
Table 4.5 Errors in Sentence Structure....................................................................46
Table 4.6 Errors in Word Choice.............................................................................48
Table 4.7 Errors in Pronouns...................................................................................49
Table 4.8 Errors in Multiple-choice Test.................................................................51
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 A Depiction of Grammatical Knowledge, Ability and Performance ....10
Figure 2.2 Common Linking Verbs ........................................................................23
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Instructions for Writing the Essay
Appendix B: Students’ Argumentative Essays
Appendix C: Students’ Result of Multiple-choice Test
Appendix D: Validity Test Using SPSS 22.0 for Windows
Appendix E: Students’ Interview Transcriptions
Vera Triana Wijaya, 2014
Analisis Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Pada Tulisan Esai Argumentasi Mahasiswa
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu