S BIO 1202290 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Halaman Pengesahan
Pernyataan Keaslian Skripsi
Hak Cipta
Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................................... i
Ucapan Terima kasih ................................................................................................ ii
Abstrak ...................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ........................................................................................................................v
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................ viii
Daftar Gambar ...........................................................................................................x
BAB I Pendahuluan....................................................................................................1
A. Latar belakang ..................................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah ..............................................................................................5
C. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................................5
D. Tujuan Penelitian ...............................................................................................6
E. Asumsi ...............................................................................................................6
F. Hipotesis .............................................................................................................7
G. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................................7
H. Sistematika Penelitian .....................................................................................7
BAB II Landasan Teoritis ........................................................................................9
A. Efektivitas ..........................................................................................................9
B. Kegiatan Praktikum ........................................................................................12
C. Pembelajaran Berbasis Inkuiri (inquiry) .........................................................13
D. Pembelajaran Berbasis Guided Inquiry ..........................................................18
E. Tinjauan Pembelajaran pada Materi Sistem Koordinasi ..................................20
BAB III Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................27
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian .........................................................................27
B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian .......................................................................27
i
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
C. Definisi Operasional ........................................................................................28
D. Instrumen Penelitian dan Pengembangannya ..................................................29
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...............................................................................35
F. Uji Coba Instrumen ..........................................................................................36
G. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .........................................................................40
H. Prosedur Penelitian ..........................................................................................44
BAB IV Temuan dan Pembahasan ........................................................................47
A. Efektivitas Berdasarkan Tercapainya Tujuan Pembelajaran ...........................48
1. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran Dilihat melalui Hasil Observasi
Efektivitas .......................................................................................................48
2. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran melalui Aktivitas Siswa (Proses) dalam
Pelaksanaan Praktikum...................................................................................55
3. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran melalui Tes Tertulis (Produk) ...........65
B. Efektivitas Berdasarkan Kesesuaian Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan
Pembelajaran ....................................................................................................68
1. Keterlaksanaan Sintaks Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry ................................68
2. Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran yang Dijaring melalui Kuesioner Siswa ......75
C. Tanggapan Siswa dan Guru tentang Pembelajaran Melalui Praktikum Berbasis
Guided Inquiry .................................................................................................78
1. Kendala yang Dihadapi Siswa dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ................ 79
2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran melalui Praktikum Berbasis
Guided Inquiry ......................................................................................................... 79
BAB V Simpulan, Implikasi, dan Rekomendasi ....................................................82
A. Simpulan ..........................................................................................................82
B. Implikasi dan Rekomendasi .............................................................................83
Daftar Pustaka ..........................................................................................................84
Lampiran A ...............................................................................................................88
Lampiran B .............................................................................................................105
Lampiran C .............................................................................................................136
Lampiran D .............................................................................................................165
Lampiran E .............................................................................................................168
ii
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Keefektivitasan Praktikum dalam Dua Domain .........................................11
Tabel 2.2 Hierarki Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry ....................................................14
Tabel 2.3 Perbedaan Karakter Jenis Inquiry Lab .......................................................17
Tabel 2.4 Level Inquiry dan Tujuan Primer Pedagogisnya ........................................18
Tabel 2.5 KI dan KD pada Materi Sistem Koordinasi ...............................................20
Tabel 3.1 Perlakuan One Group Pretest Posttest Design ..........................................27
Tabel 3.2 Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi .......................................................................29
Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Tes (Tahap Uji Coba) .................................................30
Tabel 3.4 Kisi-kisi Penilaian Lembar Kerja Siswa ...................................................31
Tabel 3.5 Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi Kinerja Siswa ...............................................32
Tabel 3.6 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner Respon Siswa ............................................................33
Tabel 3.7 Kisi-kisi Pedoman Wawancara Siswa ........................................................34
Tabel 3.8 Kisi-kisi Pedoman Wawancara Guru ........................................................35
Tabel 3.9 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................36
Tabel 3.10 Kriteria Indeks Validitas Butir Soal ........................................................37
Tabel 3.11 Kriteria Nilai Reliabilitas ........................................................................37
Tabel 3.12 Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda .......................................................................38
Tabel 3.13 Indeks Tingkat Kesukaran ........................................................................38
Tabel 3.14 Rekapitulasi Hasil Analisis Butir Soal ....................................................39
Tabel 3.15 Rubrik Observasi Keterlaksanaan Sintaks ..............................................40
iii
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 3.16 Kategori Keterlaksanaan Sintaks ............................................................41
Tabel 3.17 Rubrik Penilaian Kinerja ..........................................................................41
Tabel 3.18 Skala Kategori Kemampuan Kinerja Siswa ............................................41
Tabel 3.19 Kriteria Indeks Gain ................................................................................42
Tabel 3.20 Kategorisasi Hasil Kuesioner Siswa .......................................................43
Tabel 4.1 Rekapitulasi Hasil Analisis Penilaian Kinerja ...........................................56
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Analisis Penilaian Lembar Kerja Siswa ...........................................62
Tabel 4.3 Rata-rata Jumlah Siswa Tuntas pada Pretest dan Posttest Berdasarkan
Indikator ....................................................................................................65
Tabel 4.4 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pretest, Posttest, dan Indeks Gain ...............................66
Tabel 4.5 Rekapitulasi Data Hasil Observasi Keterlaksanan Sintaks ........................69
Tabel 4.6 Interpretasi Respon Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran .....................................75
iv
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Model Efektivitas Kegiatan Praktikum dalam Pembelajaran .............10
Gambar 2.2 Hubungan Dua Domain ......................................................................22
Gambar 2.3 Fungsi Termostatik Hipotalamus pada Termoregulasi Manusia ........24
Gambar 2.4 Sistem Integumen Mamalia ................................................................25
Gambar 3.1 Bagan Alur Perencanaan Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...............................46
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Perbandingan Data Hasil Observasi Efektivitas Level 1 ....49
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Perbandingan Data Hasil Observasi Efektivitas Level 2 ....52
Gambar 4.3 Persentase Ketuntasan Nilai Kinerja Siswa dalam Praktikum ...........60
Gambar 4.4 Persentase Jumlah Siswa Berdasarkan Aspek pada Sintaks ...............66
Gambar 4.5 Persentase Ketuntasan Nilai Posttest .................................................67
v
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Halaman
Halaman Pengesahan
Pernyataan Keaslian Skripsi
Hak Cipta
Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................................... i
Ucapan Terima kasih ................................................................................................ ii
Abstrak ...................................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ........................................................................................................................v
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................ viii
Daftar Gambar ...........................................................................................................x
BAB I Pendahuluan....................................................................................................1
A. Latar belakang ..................................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah ..............................................................................................5
C. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................................5
D. Tujuan Penelitian ...............................................................................................6
E. Asumsi ...............................................................................................................6
F. Hipotesis .............................................................................................................7
G. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................................7
H. Sistematika Penelitian .....................................................................................7
BAB II Landasan Teoritis ........................................................................................9
A. Efektivitas ..........................................................................................................9
B. Kegiatan Praktikum ........................................................................................12
C. Pembelajaran Berbasis Inkuiri (inquiry) .........................................................13
D. Pembelajaran Berbasis Guided Inquiry ..........................................................18
E. Tinjauan Pembelajaran pada Materi Sistem Koordinasi ..................................20
BAB III Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................27
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian .........................................................................27
B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian .......................................................................27
i
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
C. Definisi Operasional ........................................................................................28
D. Instrumen Penelitian dan Pengembangannya ..................................................29
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...............................................................................35
F. Uji Coba Instrumen ..........................................................................................36
G. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data .........................................................................40
H. Prosedur Penelitian ..........................................................................................44
BAB IV Temuan dan Pembahasan ........................................................................47
A. Efektivitas Berdasarkan Tercapainya Tujuan Pembelajaran ...........................48
1. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran Dilihat melalui Hasil Observasi
Efektivitas .......................................................................................................48
2. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran melalui Aktivitas Siswa (Proses) dalam
Pelaksanaan Praktikum...................................................................................55
3. Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran melalui Tes Tertulis (Produk) ...........65
B. Efektivitas Berdasarkan Kesesuaian Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan
Pembelajaran ....................................................................................................68
1. Keterlaksanaan Sintaks Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry ................................68
2. Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran yang Dijaring melalui Kuesioner Siswa ......75
C. Tanggapan Siswa dan Guru tentang Pembelajaran Melalui Praktikum Berbasis
Guided Inquiry .................................................................................................78
1. Kendala yang Dihadapi Siswa dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ................ 79
2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran melalui Praktikum Berbasis
Guided Inquiry ......................................................................................................... 79
BAB V Simpulan, Implikasi, dan Rekomendasi ....................................................82
A. Simpulan ..........................................................................................................82
B. Implikasi dan Rekomendasi .............................................................................83
Daftar Pustaka ..........................................................................................................84
Lampiran A ...............................................................................................................88
Lampiran B .............................................................................................................105
Lampiran C .............................................................................................................136
Lampiran D .............................................................................................................165
Lampiran E .............................................................................................................168
ii
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Keefektivitasan Praktikum dalam Dua Domain .........................................11
Tabel 2.2 Hierarki Pembelajaran Berbasis Inquiry ....................................................14
Tabel 2.3 Perbedaan Karakter Jenis Inquiry Lab .......................................................17
Tabel 2.4 Level Inquiry dan Tujuan Primer Pedagogisnya ........................................18
Tabel 2.5 KI dan KD pada Materi Sistem Koordinasi ...............................................20
Tabel 3.1 Perlakuan One Group Pretest Posttest Design ..........................................27
Tabel 3.2 Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi .......................................................................29
Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Tes (Tahap Uji Coba) .................................................30
Tabel 3.4 Kisi-kisi Penilaian Lembar Kerja Siswa ...................................................31
Tabel 3.5 Kisi-kisi Lembar Observasi Kinerja Siswa ...............................................32
Tabel 3.6 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner Respon Siswa ............................................................33
Tabel 3.7 Kisi-kisi Pedoman Wawancara Siswa ........................................................34
Tabel 3.8 Kisi-kisi Pedoman Wawancara Guru ........................................................35
Tabel 3.9 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................36
Tabel 3.10 Kriteria Indeks Validitas Butir Soal ........................................................37
Tabel 3.11 Kriteria Nilai Reliabilitas ........................................................................37
Tabel 3.12 Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda .......................................................................38
Tabel 3.13 Indeks Tingkat Kesukaran ........................................................................38
Tabel 3.14 Rekapitulasi Hasil Analisis Butir Soal ....................................................39
Tabel 3.15 Rubrik Observasi Keterlaksanaan Sintaks ..............................................40
iii
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 3.16 Kategori Keterlaksanaan Sintaks ............................................................41
Tabel 3.17 Rubrik Penilaian Kinerja ..........................................................................41
Tabel 3.18 Skala Kategori Kemampuan Kinerja Siswa ............................................41
Tabel 3.19 Kriteria Indeks Gain ................................................................................42
Tabel 3.20 Kategorisasi Hasil Kuesioner Siswa .......................................................43
Tabel 4.1 Rekapitulasi Hasil Analisis Penilaian Kinerja ...........................................56
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Analisis Penilaian Lembar Kerja Siswa ...........................................62
Tabel 4.3 Rata-rata Jumlah Siswa Tuntas pada Pretest dan Posttest Berdasarkan
Indikator ....................................................................................................65
Tabel 4.4 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pretest, Posttest, dan Indeks Gain ...............................66
Tabel 4.5 Rekapitulasi Data Hasil Observasi Keterlaksanan Sintaks ........................69
Tabel 4.6 Interpretasi Respon Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran .....................................75
iv
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Model Efektivitas Kegiatan Praktikum dalam Pembelajaran .............10
Gambar 2.2 Hubungan Dua Domain ......................................................................22
Gambar 2.3 Fungsi Termostatik Hipotalamus pada Termoregulasi Manusia ........24
Gambar 2.4 Sistem Integumen Mamalia ................................................................25
Gambar 3.1 Bagan Alur Perencanaan Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...............................46
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Perbandingan Data Hasil Observasi Efektivitas Level 1 ....49
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Perbandingan Data Hasil Observasi Efektivitas Level 2 ....52
Gambar 4.3 Persentase Ketuntasan Nilai Kinerja Siswa dalam Praktikum ...........60
Gambar 4.4 Persentase Jumlah Siswa Berdasarkan Aspek pada Sintaks ...............66
Gambar 4.5 Persentase Ketuntasan Nilai Posttest .................................................67
v
Yessa Yuanita Yovina, 2016
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP
PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI PADA MATERI SISTEM KOORDINASI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu