Flower-Insect Visitor Interaction: Study Case on Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer in Bali Botanic Garden | Kuswantoro | Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 25443 65820 4 PB
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
, 35—38
Jou al of T opi al Biodi e sit a d Biote h olog
jou al ho epage: htp://jt
.o .id
Flower-i sect Visitor I teracio : Case Study
o Rhodode dro i u datu Sleu er i Bali Bota ic Garde
Fa id Kus a to o*
Bali Bota i Garde —I do esia I situte of S ie e, Ca diku i g-Baturii, Ta a a , Bali
*Correspo di g author, e ail: faridkus a toro@g ail. o , fari
@lipi.go.id
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Ari le histor :
Re ei ed / /
Re ei ed i e ised fo
A epted / /
The Rhodode dro -i se t elaio ship
/
Ho e e , i fo
/
as
uite
ell studied i
et ee
DOI:
D osophilidae, a d Teph iidae. The esult of this stud
o se i g i se t isitaio to the lo e of R. i u datu
dete
.
as o du ted
i e its f e ue
isited
ai l
. Stud
Chr sopa sp., as
. I troducio
is a Ge us that o tai s
Ji g et al.,
eauiful a d di e se lo e s olo a d shape Paul et al.,
s et al.,
. Flo e s shape a d olo
ei g thought as the esult of o-e oluio
a d its
isito s. E e
ate
ei g
as o du ted
hou a da a d epeated fo
I fo
I do esia
e
i Bali Bota i Ga de
ai l
as dissi ila
isited
a
ith the p e ious stud of
oths.
as polli ated
als a d
i e
a i al ta a,
i ds Geo gia
et al.,
aio
ega di g lo e -i se t elaio ships fo
Rhodode dro , ho e e ,
as li ited. Ste e s
suggested that ased o its lo e
o phologi al featu es, Papua esia Rhodode dro
et ee lo e
as
e s of the Vespidae, Cu ulio idae, Mus idae,
a d Ste e s
as lo g
ii ized e e tl , this
i e
.
. The ge us
is e o o i all i po ta t as o a e tal pla ts due to its
; Gi
ell as
i ludi g t o
o e tha
as
Sleu e
al ulai g the Visitaio Rate VR of ea h isito ta a to
lo e , sho ed that it
Rhodode dro
fo
esult sho ed that R. i u datu
hite-lo e ed Rhodode dro , hi h as
spe ies of E i a eae Fa il
he isphe e.
Rhodode dro i u datu
olle ted i Bali Bota i Ga de a d its lo e - isii g i se t. The stud
da s. Data a al sis
/jt
o the
aio o the lo e -i se t elaio ship of the I do esia Rhodode dro
li ited. This stud ai s to i d the i te a io
Ke ords:
E -situ o se aio
I do esia
I se t isitaio
Papua
.
the
polli ated
i ds,
oths a d
as
ute lies. Joli et
o ept as sill ade uate to u de sta d lo al di e sii aio
suppo ted this lai
stai g that at Mt. Wilhe , ed-
Fe ste et al.,
lo e ed Rhodode dro
e e polli ated
s e ted Rhodode dro
as polli ated
.
So e e e t studies i di ated that Rhodode dro
lo e s p ope ies
ee i
o espo de e
polli ato o ga is s. The stud of R. se i ar atu
po i u
Bo
e ealed that
oth spe ies e ui es
e e t stud
ith thei
a d R.
u
le ee
us to help it polli ate. Mo phologi al p ope ies of R.
se i ar atu
lo e s e a les the
ee’s
od
to ha e
o ta t ith the a the a d polle , thus i di e tl fa ilitai g
polli aio of this spe ies O o et al.,
A othe stud i R. rei ulatu
out that lo e s of
H
Mea
a d R.
; Stout,
a rosepalu
oth spe ies
e opte a, Lepidopte a a d Dipte a
ee
.
fou d
isited
Sugiu a,
.
hile, the stud of R. lo igeru , a o ithophilous
I do esia
ha k oths. Mo e
ega di g lo e -i se t
Rhodode dro , o
a se t, espe iall
ou
lo e s
ith its i se t
Ga de . The esult of this stud
i fo
aio
elaio ships fo
est k o ledge,
fo e -situ Rhodode dro
stud ai s to u de sta d the i te a io
i u datu
i ds, hile hite
as
spe ies. This
et ee e -situ R.
isito i
Bali Bota i
as e pe ted to gi e
ega di g the i te a io of R. i u datu
i e -situ o se aio site, ith its isii g i se ts.
go
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
, 35—38
. Material a d Methods
The al ulaio
. . Ti e a d Stud Site
a e age of VR u
The stud
u se
e
at the
u it of Bali Bota i Ga de . The u se
as o du ted i Septe
as lo ated
a out
ete s a o e sea le el. R. i u datu
the u se
as p efe ed tha the o e g o
e ause it
ai l
go
i
i the ield
the Bota i
Ga de
isito s that
a
ha e
afe ted isito i se t.
e fo
espe i e i se t ta a
. Result a d Discussio
. . R. i u datu
lo e
R. i u datu
as epo ted to e lo e i g egula l
t i e a ea A ge t,
the o ollas
. We sta ted ou o se aio
i u datu
as o du ted usi g t o spe i e s of R.
ith a essio
u
e E
, olle ted f o
the Napua Dist i t, Ja a ija a Rege
I do esia i
.
Rhodode dro of Ne
as a
Gui ea isla d. It elo ged to the Su
is a te est ial sh u that a g o
height. The lea es e e da k g ee a d
the lo e s
ee
e de i
A ge t,
. R.
up to
et
ith lightl
sta i g f o
the edge of the
he
oadl ellipi , hile
. . Data Colle io
of
lo e s f o
et ee
.
-
.
o se i g i se t
th ee i lo es e es of R.
as o du ted fo a hou e e
WITA. This espe i e i e
sele ted e ause du i g the o se aio i se ts
isii g R. i u datu
as
e e fou d
o l at this a ge of i es. No i se t
as e ou te ed efo e a d
a d di e sit
as de eased oth i
u
. . R. i u datu
i e da s
he
the e
as
o
pe iod
as e ded
o e i se t isit the
i lo es e e. I se t isito dei iio follo i g Spa k a et
al.
a
as all i se t that o du i g di e t o ta t
pa t of R. i u datu
lo e s. I se ts
of lo e s isited, a d the i se t isito
i se t a i it
du i g its
isit i
u
lo e
e
ith
e e the
do u e ted a d ide iied u il its Fa il o Ge us, u
dete
e
as ou ted,
as
oted to
i e the i se t polli ai g pote ial.
Data a al sis
Rate VR to dete
i e
al ulated Visitaio
ost f e ue t i se t
isito . VR
ula fo ea h i se t ta a follo i g Spa k a et al.
o phologi al
as g ouped as hite, lo g, tu ula a d
. Polli aio of this t pe of
lo e s as usuall helped
oths,
fa il
Ste e s,
suppo ted
ai l f o
; C ut ell,
Spi a
Sphi gidae
. This state e t
hi h stated that f ag a tl
lo e ed R. is osu
as at its
the ight to at a t its
oth polli ato .
Neu opte a ,
as
hite
ost pleasa t s elt du i g
Du i g the stud , lo e s of R. i u datu
si ta a of i se ts,
as isited
a el Chr sopa sp. Ch sopidae,
Vespidae
H
e opte a ,
Cu ulio idae
Coleopte a , Mus idae, D osophilidae, a d Teph iidae
Dipte a . F o
highest VR
all those i se t ta a, Chr sopa sp. holds the
u
D osophilidae
Fig.
e of
to the lo e
isit ould
,
ith VR u
. Highe VR u
e
follo ed
e
,
ea s
Mus idae a d
a d ,
espe i el
o e isitaio f e ue
espe i e i se t ta a. The
o e f e ue t
ea that espe i e i se t ta a had
i se t ut also feed o polle
ight e the easo
as o du ted
. Based o its
f ag a t lo e s C a e ,
p edato
as as follo :
; C ut ell,
as afe ted
o phologi al featu e
to polli ate the lo e s. Adult Chr sopa spp.
. . Data A al sis
fo
lo e s isito
Rhodode dro a d polli ato i te a io
e
efo e i all disappea ed at the e d of the
espe i e i e a ge. The o se aio
as
o e as fou d o the te th da .
featu e R. i u datu
i u datu . The o se aio
ate
o olla. The odo
,
as also d ied up. At the i e
so e fa to s su h as lo e s
as o du ted
o
o olla sta ted to d , the isito de eased u il i all
Ste e s,
da
su st ates. At the e d of the
disappea ed, a d the sig a
hite, t u pet-shaped a d had a pleasa t
Data olle io
as slightl
i
s e t.
isito
si k
i g of
hite i
o se aio , the o ollas d ied up, the olo tu ed
, Papua P o i e of
R. i u datu
Ge us Vire a a d Sipho o ire a se io
i u datu
e e full ope , f esh,
olo s a d p odu ed a pleasa t odo . The sig a
The stud
he
e e i full a thesis pe iod. At the egi
the o se aio the o ollas
. . Pla t Mate ial
as the
al ulated at the e d of the o se aio .
as less e posed to a th opologi al distu a e,
fo
as epeated i ea h o se aio da s, a
as ot o l a
Bozsik,
lo e s uite i te si el .
e io ed ees a d ute lies
diu al polli ato s of
e e the
hite, s e ted Rhodode dro lo e s.
Ho e e , o e of those ta a as isii g R. i u datu
the stud . The dife e e
dife e t e i o
. This
h i this stud , adult Chr sopa sp. as
fou d isii g R. i u datu
Spi a
o e ha e
ight happe
e tal o diio
du i g
e ause the e
et ee e -situ ha itat,
as
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
su h as the Bota i Ga de , a d the atu al ha itat he e R.
i u datu
as o igi ated. Ha itat dife e e aused the
lo e i g pla t to i te a t
Ri ha dso et al.
ith dife e t i se t ta a.
stated that to e a le to esta lish
itself, i t odu ed pla t spe ies
utualis
i
its
e
elaio ship
ust
e a le to fo
ep odu io p o ess a d i tu
i di ates that R. i u datu
ould ha pe pla t
afe ted the pla t su i al
a d dispe sal i its e e i o
e t Stout,
ade di e t o ta t
a d sig a. Mea
o l
ith oth the a the
hile the othe i se t isito s
e e fou d
alki g o the outside pa t of the o ollas a d does ’t
ake a
o ta t
ith the a the a d sig a. This eha io
ight e a le oth Chr sopa sp. a d Vespidae to i di e tl
ith i dige ous polli ato o ga is s
ha itat. Failu e to do so
o ollas, a d thus
, 35—38
. This stud
ight al ead ha e i te a ted
t a spo t R. i u datu
polle
to its sig a. Ho e e ,
polli ato pote ial of oth ta a i
R. i u datu
as sill
eeded to e fu the assessed e ause Chr sopa spp.
epo ted to feed o polle
Vespidae as ’t Bozsik,
as
hile V. elui a igrithora of
; Ue o,
.
ith the i dige ous i se t of Bali Bota i Ga de .
Figure . Chr sopa Sp. Walked i a d out of R. i u datu
Flo e s.
. Co clusio
Figure . Visitaio Rate VR u e of i se t ta a isii g R.
i u datu lo e s du i g the o se aio
. . R. i u datu
I se t Visito Polli ato Pote ial i Bali
Bota i Ga de
A o di g to Stout
, a
o ga is
ould
e
atego ized as t ue polli ato if the espe i e o ga is s
e e a le to oth pi ked polle f o
a the s a d deposited
it to the o e t sig a. So e fa to s afe ted isito to
e o e a t ue polli ato o ga is , i ludi g isito
a d its
e ta
eha io
Stout,
fa ilitated
he
the o ga is s gathe ed polle
; Stout,
a p edato
od size
. Polli aio
ould also e
i se t. Co opet i se t De
as suggested ot o l se e as p edato
apte a
ut also polli ato
i se t due to its a i it a ou d o o ut lo e s that
Co opet a le to a
o
ade
polle to sig a Rah a a d Sali ,
. A othe e a ple of polli ato pote ial of p edato
i se t
as fou d i Vespa elui a igrithora . Ue o
suggested that V.
elui a
igrithora ,
ight
e helpi g
polli aio p o ess of so e lo e i g pla t spe ies e ause
the
uee s a d
o ke s of this
asp
e e ote
fou d
isii g lo e s of the sa e pla t spe ies i a si gle t ip
ith
O se i g i se t a i it a d eha io du i g its isit is
a to dete
Bota i
lo e
Ga de
i e its pote ial i
helpi g polli aio
p o ess. This stud fou d that o l Chr sopa sp. Fig. . a d
asp elo g to Vespidae,
ee
alki g i a d out of the
as al ead
isito s, p o ed
i te a ted
li ed i Bali
ith i dige ous
the dife e t i se t isito spe ies
fou d et ee this a d p e ious studies. Fu the stud
eeded to dete
as
i e ho the dife e e ould ha e afe ted
polli aio e olog of R. i u datu
ould help
i Bali Bota i Ga de .
That i fo
aio
i u datu
o du ted i Bota i Ga de .
o se aio
ate pt of R.
Ack owledg e t
The
Lu
ite
ould like to e p ess its g aitude to I hsa
a a I d a Put a, Agu g Ku ia a a d T i Wa se o fo
all the help o i se t ide ii aio , dis ussio , a d lite atu e.
G aitude as also add essed to the a o
e e o e
ous e ie e a d
ho helped a d gi es i alua le i puts du i g the
stud to pe fe t this
a us ipt.
Refere ces
A ge t, G.
. Rhodode dro
of Su ge us Vire a. The
Ro al Ho i ultu al So iet . Lo do
-
polle i its od .
o e
This stud suggested that R. i u datu
Bozsik, A.
P.
. ISBN
- .
. Natu al Adult Food of So e I po ta t
Chr sopa Spe ies Pla ipe
ia: Ch sopidae . A ta
Ph topathologi a et E to ologi a Hu g ri a
, pp.
-
-
.
-
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
C a e , L.A.
, 35—38
. E i a eae of Papua i A.J. Ma shall a d
B.M. Beehle Eds. . The E olog of Papua: Pa t O e.
Pe iplus ediio . Ho gko g. P.
- . ISBN-
C ut el,
N.E.G.,
.
Rhodode d o s
i
:
H
Papua
:
: -
- .
-
Natu al
Rhodode dro
. ISBN-
-
- -
A o g
Gui ea.
The
Fe ste , C.B., W.S. A
uste , P. Wilso , M.R. Dudash a d
J.D. Tho so .
. Polli aio S d o es a d Flo al
Spe ializaio . A
doi:
.
/a
u. Re . E ol. E ol. S st.
u e .e ols s.
.
:
E olog
F a het
E i a eae
.
Of Rhodode dro
I
s, D., D. Cha
Wei i, Yu
e lai a d G. A ge t.
Rhodode dro s.
Co se aio
Allia e, Naio al Fish a d Wildlife
Fou daio
Bota i
a
the Colo ado Natu al He itage
Appala hia
Guide
to
the
. The
U i e sit of Ca oli a P ess. P
Ca oli as,
essee, a d Geo gia Southe
Vi gi ia,
Gate a s Guides .
. ISBN:
- -
-
- .
Ste e s, P.F.
. The alitudi al a d geog aphi al
dist i uio s of lo e t pes i Rhodode dro se io
.
-
u iies of the
Mou tai s a d Pied o t: A
Te
. The Red List of
Vire a, espe iall i the Papuasia spe ies, a d thei
sig ii a e. Bota i al Jour al of the Li
Co se aio
: -
I te aio al, Ri h o d, UK. P. .
Ji g, I., N. Pu o a d S.K. Chatu edi.
. Wildlo e s a d Pla t Co
Southe
.
P o i e,
:
Ga de s
Spi a T.P.
lo igeru
Chi a. Jour al of Polli aio E olog ,
Gi
t o glo all -
i pe iled pla t spe ies i Colo ado’s Mos uito Ra ge.
Natu alist's
–
Geo gia , E., ). Fa g, E. E sh ille a d A. Pidgeo .
Polli aio
ates fo
P og a , Fo t Colli s, CO.
.
-
i se t di e sit a d isitaio
. Visii g
U pu lished epo t p epa ed fo the Nai e Pla t
idizaio
Ne
Spa k a , S.C., G. Do le, a d D.G. A de so .
. Polli aio Biolog
. doi:
Ste e s, P.F.
.
/j.
.
-
. Malesia
ea So iet ,
.t
.
Vi e a Rhodode d o s –
of Rhodode dro ellioii Wat e B a dis E i a eae .
To a ds a U de sta di g Of Thei E oluio . Notes
The I ter aio al Jour al of Pla t Reprodu i e
fo
Biolog
pp.
. .
Joli et. P.
. DOI
-
.
/ijp .
Stout, J.C.
the polli aio
. I te elaio ship Bet ee I se t a d Pla ts.
Apidologie
CRC P ess. Flo ida. USA. P.
. ISBN -
. Bu
Stout, J.C.
le ee
se i ar atu
.
E i a eae . J. Pla t. Res.
/s
-
-
Biodi e sit
Rhodode d o s i
–
.
a d
a d K. A u a hala .
Co se aio
A u a hal P adesh i
-
–
The I do-
Ue o, T.
.
.
/apido:
of i asi e Rhodode dro
I ela d. Apidologie
:
-
/apido:
elated Rhodode dro
u iies o t o
spe ies lo e i g i
DOI
.
/s
-
. Flo e -Visii g
Velui a
Nigrithora
-
- .
the I asi e Ho et Vespa
H
e opte a:
Vespidae .
. Co opet Se agai P edato Da
Biologi al S ie es IJCEBS Volu e , Issue
pp:
i-I do esia.
Ri ha dso D.M., N. Allsopp, C.M. D’A to io, S.J. Milto , a d
. Pla t i asio s – the ole of
utualis s. Biol. Re .
.t
. DOI:
e tal &
Nasio al Kelapa VIII. Ja
X.
–
I ter aio al Jour al of Che i al, E iro
Poli ato Pada Ta a a Kelapa. P osidi g Ko fe e si
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,
.
Rah a a d Sali .
M. Rej a ek.
.
-
dife e t seaso s. Arthropod-Pla t I tera io s :
of
,
:
le ee eha iou a d
. Flo e - isii g i se t o
losel
a Biodi e sit Hotspot. Curre t S ie e Vol.
No. , pp.
Sugiu a, S.
u g.
of C isus s oparius L. Fa a eae .
E i a eae i
. DOI:
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Paul, A., M.L. Kha , A. A u a hala
.
:
ate ? Bu
. Polli aio
po i u
polli aio a d ep odu i e iolog of Rhodode dro
Bu
. Does size
-
O o, A., I. Dohzo o a d T. Suga a a.
DOI
the Ro al Bota i Ga de Edi
.
,
–
. DOI:
.
/j.
. ISSN
–
o li e .
-
, 35—38
Jou al of T opi al Biodi e sit a d Biote h olog
jou al ho epage: htp://jt
.o .id
Flower-i sect Visitor I teracio : Case Study
o Rhodode dro i u datu Sleu er i Bali Bota ic Garde
Fa id Kus a to o*
Bali Bota i Garde —I do esia I situte of S ie e, Ca diku i g-Baturii, Ta a a , Bali
*Correspo di g author, e ail: faridkus a toro@g ail. o , fari
@lipi.go.id
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Ari le histor :
Re ei ed / /
Re ei ed i e ised fo
A epted / /
The Rhodode dro -i se t elaio ship
/
Ho e e , i fo
/
as
uite
ell studied i
et ee
DOI:
D osophilidae, a d Teph iidae. The esult of this stud
o se i g i se t isitaio to the lo e of R. i u datu
dete
.
as o du ted
i e its f e ue
isited
ai l
. Stud
Chr sopa sp., as
. I troducio
is a Ge us that o tai s
Ji g et al.,
eauiful a d di e se lo e s olo a d shape Paul et al.,
s et al.,
. Flo e s shape a d olo
ei g thought as the esult of o-e oluio
a d its
isito s. E e
ate
ei g
as o du ted
hou a da a d epeated fo
I fo
I do esia
e
i Bali Bota i Ga de
ai l
as dissi ila
isited
a
ith the p e ious stud of
oths.
as polli ated
als a d
i e
a i al ta a,
i ds Geo gia
et al.,
aio
ega di g lo e -i se t elaio ships fo
Rhodode dro , ho e e ,
as li ited. Ste e s
suggested that ased o its lo e
o phologi al featu es, Papua esia Rhodode dro
et ee lo e
as
e s of the Vespidae, Cu ulio idae, Mus idae,
a d Ste e s
as lo g
ii ized e e tl , this
i e
.
. The ge us
is e o o i all i po ta t as o a e tal pla ts due to its
; Gi
ell as
i ludi g t o
o e tha
as
Sleu e
al ulai g the Visitaio Rate VR of ea h isito ta a to
lo e , sho ed that it
Rhodode dro
fo
esult sho ed that R. i u datu
hite-lo e ed Rhodode dro , hi h as
spe ies of E i a eae Fa il
he isphe e.
Rhodode dro i u datu
olle ted i Bali Bota i Ga de a d its lo e - isii g i se t. The stud
da s. Data a al sis
/jt
o the
aio o the lo e -i se t elaio ship of the I do esia Rhodode dro
li ited. This stud ai s to i d the i te a io
Ke ords:
E -situ o se aio
I do esia
I se t isitaio
Papua
.
the
polli ated
i ds,
oths a d
as
ute lies. Joli et
o ept as sill ade uate to u de sta d lo al di e sii aio
suppo ted this lai
stai g that at Mt. Wilhe , ed-
Fe ste et al.,
lo e ed Rhodode dro
e e polli ated
s e ted Rhodode dro
as polli ated
.
So e e e t studies i di ated that Rhodode dro
lo e s p ope ies
ee i
o espo de e
polli ato o ga is s. The stud of R. se i ar atu
po i u
Bo
e ealed that
oth spe ies e ui es
e e t stud
ith thei
a d R.
u
le ee
us to help it polli ate. Mo phologi al p ope ies of R.
se i ar atu
lo e s e a les the
ee’s
od
to ha e
o ta t ith the a the a d polle , thus i di e tl fa ilitai g
polli aio of this spe ies O o et al.,
A othe stud i R. rei ulatu
out that lo e s of
H
Mea
a d R.
; Stout,
a rosepalu
oth spe ies
e opte a, Lepidopte a a d Dipte a
ee
.
fou d
isited
Sugiu a,
.
hile, the stud of R. lo igeru , a o ithophilous
I do esia
ha k oths. Mo e
ega di g lo e -i se t
Rhodode dro , o
a se t, espe iall
ou
lo e s
ith its i se t
Ga de . The esult of this stud
i fo
aio
elaio ships fo
est k o ledge,
fo e -situ Rhodode dro
stud ai s to u de sta d the i te a io
i u datu
i ds, hile hite
as
spe ies. This
et ee e -situ R.
isito i
Bali Bota i
as e pe ted to gi e
ega di g the i te a io of R. i u datu
i e -situ o se aio site, ith its isii g i se ts.
go
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
, 35—38
. Material a d Methods
The al ulaio
. . Ti e a d Stud Site
a e age of VR u
The stud
u se
e
at the
u it of Bali Bota i Ga de . The u se
as o du ted i Septe
as lo ated
a out
ete s a o e sea le el. R. i u datu
the u se
as p efe ed tha the o e g o
e ause it
ai l
go
i
i the ield
the Bota i
Ga de
isito s that
a
ha e
afe ted isito i se t.
e fo
espe i e i se t ta a
. Result a d Discussio
. . R. i u datu
lo e
R. i u datu
as epo ted to e lo e i g egula l
t i e a ea A ge t,
the o ollas
. We sta ted ou o se aio
i u datu
as o du ted usi g t o spe i e s of R.
ith a essio
u
e E
, olle ted f o
the Napua Dist i t, Ja a ija a Rege
I do esia i
.
Rhodode dro of Ne
as a
Gui ea isla d. It elo ged to the Su
is a te est ial sh u that a g o
height. The lea es e e da k g ee a d
the lo e s
ee
e de i
A ge t,
. R.
up to
et
ith lightl
sta i g f o
the edge of the
he
oadl ellipi , hile
. . Data Colle io
of
lo e s f o
et ee
.
-
.
o se i g i se t
th ee i lo es e es of R.
as o du ted fo a hou e e
WITA. This espe i e i e
sele ted e ause du i g the o se aio i se ts
isii g R. i u datu
as
e e fou d
o l at this a ge of i es. No i se t
as e ou te ed efo e a d
a d di e sit
as de eased oth i
u
. . R. i u datu
i e da s
he
the e
as
o
pe iod
as e ded
o e i se t isit the
i lo es e e. I se t isito dei iio follo i g Spa k a et
al.
a
as all i se t that o du i g di e t o ta t
pa t of R. i u datu
lo e s. I se ts
of lo e s isited, a d the i se t isito
i se t a i it
du i g its
isit i
u
lo e
e
ith
e e the
do u e ted a d ide iied u il its Fa il o Ge us, u
dete
e
as ou ted,
as
oted to
i e the i se t polli ai g pote ial.
Data a al sis
Rate VR to dete
i e
al ulated Visitaio
ost f e ue t i se t
isito . VR
ula fo ea h i se t ta a follo i g Spa k a et al.
o phologi al
as g ouped as hite, lo g, tu ula a d
. Polli aio of this t pe of
lo e s as usuall helped
oths,
fa il
Ste e s,
suppo ted
ai l f o
; C ut ell,
Spi a
Sphi gidae
. This state e t
hi h stated that f ag a tl
lo e ed R. is osu
as at its
the ight to at a t its
oth polli ato .
Neu opte a ,
as
hite
ost pleasa t s elt du i g
Du i g the stud , lo e s of R. i u datu
si ta a of i se ts,
as isited
a el Chr sopa sp. Ch sopidae,
Vespidae
H
e opte a ,
Cu ulio idae
Coleopte a , Mus idae, D osophilidae, a d Teph iidae
Dipte a . F o
highest VR
all those i se t ta a, Chr sopa sp. holds the
u
D osophilidae
Fig.
e of
to the lo e
isit ould
,
ith VR u
. Highe VR u
e
follo ed
e
,
ea s
Mus idae a d
a d ,
espe i el
o e isitaio f e ue
espe i e i se t ta a. The
o e f e ue t
ea that espe i e i se t ta a had
i se t ut also feed o polle
ight e the easo
as o du ted
. Based o its
f ag a t lo e s C a e ,
p edato
as as follo :
; C ut ell,
as afe ted
o phologi al featu e
to polli ate the lo e s. Adult Chr sopa spp.
. . Data A al sis
fo
lo e s isito
Rhodode dro a d polli ato i te a io
e
efo e i all disappea ed at the e d of the
espe i e i e a ge. The o se aio
as
o e as fou d o the te th da .
featu e R. i u datu
i u datu . The o se aio
ate
o olla. The odo
,
as also d ied up. At the i e
so e fa to s su h as lo e s
as o du ted
o
o olla sta ted to d , the isito de eased u il i all
Ste e s,
da
su st ates. At the e d of the
disappea ed, a d the sig a
hite, t u pet-shaped a d had a pleasa t
Data olle io
as slightl
i
s e t.
isito
si k
i g of
hite i
o se aio , the o ollas d ied up, the olo tu ed
, Papua P o i e of
R. i u datu
Ge us Vire a a d Sipho o ire a se io
i u datu
e e full ope , f esh,
olo s a d p odu ed a pleasa t odo . The sig a
The stud
he
e e i full a thesis pe iod. At the egi
the o se aio the o ollas
. . Pla t Mate ial
as the
al ulated at the e d of the o se aio .
as less e posed to a th opologi al distu a e,
fo
as epeated i ea h o se aio da s, a
as ot o l a
Bozsik,
lo e s uite i te si el .
e io ed ees a d ute lies
diu al polli ato s of
e e the
hite, s e ted Rhodode dro lo e s.
Ho e e , o e of those ta a as isii g R. i u datu
the stud . The dife e e
dife e t e i o
. This
h i this stud , adult Chr sopa sp. as
fou d isii g R. i u datu
Spi a
o e ha e
ight happe
e tal o diio
du i g
e ause the e
et ee e -situ ha itat,
as
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
su h as the Bota i Ga de , a d the atu al ha itat he e R.
i u datu
as o igi ated. Ha itat dife e e aused the
lo e i g pla t to i te a t
Ri ha dso et al.
ith dife e t i se t ta a.
stated that to e a le to esta lish
itself, i t odu ed pla t spe ies
utualis
i
its
e
elaio ship
ust
e a le to fo
ep odu io p o ess a d i tu
i di ates that R. i u datu
ould ha pe pla t
afe ted the pla t su i al
a d dispe sal i its e e i o
e t Stout,
ade di e t o ta t
a d sig a. Mea
o l
ith oth the a the
hile the othe i se t isito s
e e fou d
alki g o the outside pa t of the o ollas a d does ’t
ake a
o ta t
ith the a the a d sig a. This eha io
ight e a le oth Chr sopa sp. a d Vespidae to i di e tl
ith i dige ous polli ato o ga is s
ha itat. Failu e to do so
o ollas, a d thus
, 35—38
. This stud
ight al ead ha e i te a ted
t a spo t R. i u datu
polle
to its sig a. Ho e e ,
polli ato pote ial of oth ta a i
R. i u datu
as sill
eeded to e fu the assessed e ause Chr sopa spp.
epo ted to feed o polle
Vespidae as ’t Bozsik,
as
hile V. elui a igrithora of
; Ue o,
.
ith the i dige ous i se t of Bali Bota i Ga de .
Figure . Chr sopa Sp. Walked i a d out of R. i u datu
Flo e s.
. Co clusio
Figure . Visitaio Rate VR u e of i se t ta a isii g R.
i u datu lo e s du i g the o se aio
. . R. i u datu
I se t Visito Polli ato Pote ial i Bali
Bota i Ga de
A o di g to Stout
, a
o ga is
ould
e
atego ized as t ue polli ato if the espe i e o ga is s
e e a le to oth pi ked polle f o
a the s a d deposited
it to the o e t sig a. So e fa to s afe ted isito to
e o e a t ue polli ato o ga is , i ludi g isito
a d its
e ta
eha io
Stout,
fa ilitated
he
the o ga is s gathe ed polle
; Stout,
a p edato
od size
. Polli aio
ould also e
i se t. Co opet i se t De
as suggested ot o l se e as p edato
apte a
ut also polli ato
i se t due to its a i it a ou d o o ut lo e s that
Co opet a le to a
o
ade
polle to sig a Rah a a d Sali ,
. A othe e a ple of polli ato pote ial of p edato
i se t
as fou d i Vespa elui a igrithora . Ue o
suggested that V.
elui a
igrithora ,
ight
e helpi g
polli aio p o ess of so e lo e i g pla t spe ies e ause
the
uee s a d
o ke s of this
asp
e e ote
fou d
isii g lo e s of the sa e pla t spe ies i a si gle t ip
ith
O se i g i se t a i it a d eha io du i g its isit is
a to dete
Bota i
lo e
Ga de
i e its pote ial i
helpi g polli aio
p o ess. This stud fou d that o l Chr sopa sp. Fig. . a d
asp elo g to Vespidae,
ee
alki g i a d out of the
as al ead
isito s, p o ed
i te a ted
li ed i Bali
ith i dige ous
the dife e t i se t isito spe ies
fou d et ee this a d p e ious studies. Fu the stud
eeded to dete
as
i e ho the dife e e ould ha e afe ted
polli aio e olog of R. i u datu
ould help
i Bali Bota i Ga de .
That i fo
aio
i u datu
o du ted i Bota i Ga de .
o se aio
ate pt of R.
Ack owledg e t
The
Lu
ite
ould like to e p ess its g aitude to I hsa
a a I d a Put a, Agu g Ku ia a a d T i Wa se o fo
all the help o i se t ide ii aio , dis ussio , a d lite atu e.
G aitude as also add essed to the a o
e e o e
ous e ie e a d
ho helped a d gi es i alua le i puts du i g the
stud to pe fe t this
a us ipt.
Refere ces
A ge t, G.
. Rhodode dro
of Su ge us Vire a. The
Ro al Ho i ultu al So iet . Lo do
-
polle i its od .
o e
This stud suggested that R. i u datu
Bozsik, A.
P.
. ISBN
- .
. Natu al Adult Food of So e I po ta t
Chr sopa Spe ies Pla ipe
ia: Ch sopidae . A ta
Ph topathologi a et E to ologi a Hu g ri a
, pp.
-
-
.
-
J. Trop. Biodi . Biote h., Vol.
C a e , L.A.
, 35—38
. E i a eae of Papua i A.J. Ma shall a d
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Pe iplus ediio . Ho gko g. P.
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N.E.G.,
.
Rhodode d o s
i
:
H
Papua
:
: -
- .
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Natu al
Rhodode dro
. ISBN-
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