Hubungan Kekerabatan Amfibi (Ordo Anura) di Kecamatan Sibolangit Kabupaten Deli Serdang Berdasarkan Morfometrik
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akbar, H. 2011. Perawatan dan Rehabilitasi Satwa Tangkapan di Pusat
penyelamatan Satwa Cikananga Sukabumi dan Gadog Bogor. [Skripsi].
Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Allendorf, F.W. et al. 2007. Genetic Effect of Harvest on Wild Animal
Population. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23(6):327-337.
Amat, F., Wollenberg, K. C., Vences., M. 2013. Correlates of Eye Colour and
Pattern in Mantellid Frog. Salamandra 49 (1) : 7-17.
Amphibianweb. 2015. www.amphibianweb.org. 17 Agustus 2015.
Astuti, M. 1997. Estimasi jarak genetik antara populasi kambing kacang, kambing
peranakan etawah dan kambing lokal berdasarkan polimorfisme protein
darah. Buletin Peternakan. 21 (1): 1-9.
Barnard, C. 2004. Animal Behaviour : Mechanism, Development, Function and
Evolution. Pearson Prentice Hall : New York.
Beebee, T. J. C. & Griffiths R. A. 2005. The amphibian decline crisis : A
watershed for conservation biology?. Biological Conservation. 125 :
271–285.
Brotowidjoyo, M. 1989. Zoologi Dasar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Brown, J. L., Schulte, R. & Summers, K. 2006. A new species of Dendrobates
(Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Amazonian lowlands in Perú. Zootaxa.
1152: 45–58.
Cadman, M. 2007. Consuming Wild Life: The Illegal Exploitation of Animal In
South Africa Zimbabwe and Zambia. A Preliminary Report for animal
Right africa and Xwe African Wild Life.
Carey, C., Corn, P.S., Jones, M.S., Livo, L.J., Muths, E. & Loeffler, C.W. (2003)
Environmental and life history factors that limit recovery. In: Southern
Rocky Mountain populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas). Status and
conservation of North American amphibians (ed. by M. Lanoo), pp. 00–
00. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Cohen, M. M. 2001. Frog decline, frog malformations, and a comparison of frog
and human health. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 104:101-109.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
65
Darmawan, B. 2008. Keanekaragaman Amfibi di Berbagai Tipe habitat : Studi
Kasus di Eks-HPH PT. Rimba Karya Indah Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi
Jambi. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Duellman, W. & Trueb, L. 1985. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book
Company: New York.
Ehrlich, P. & Sodhi, N. S. 2000. Conservation Biology For All. Oxford University
Press: Oxford, United Kingdom.
Falconer, D. S. & T. F. C. Mackay. 1996. Quantitative Genetics. Fourth Edition.
Longman Group Ltd.: England.
Fiesta-Bianchet, M. & Apollonio, M. 2003. Animal Behaviour and Wildlife
Conservation. Island Press: Washington DC, USA.
Futuyama, D. J. 1986. Evolutionary Biology. Sunderland. Mass: Sinauer
Associates, Inc. Itaca.
Gaspersz, V. 1992. Teknik Analisis dalam Penelitian Percobaan. Jilid 2. Tarsito :
Bandung.
Gentry A.H. 1986. Endemism in tropical versus temperate communities. In:
Soule´ M.E. (ed) Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and
Diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 153–181.
Goin, C.J. et al. 1978. Introduction to Herpetology. Third Edition. W.H. Freeman
And Company: San Fransisco.
Gvozdik, V., et al. 2010. Phylogeography of the Middle Eastern tree frogs (Hyla,
Hylidae, Amphibia) as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA
variation, with a description of a new species. Molecular Phylogenetics
and Evolution. 55: 1146-1166.
Hartl, D.L. 1988. A Primer of Population Genetics. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Associates,
Inc. Publishers : Sunderland.
Hay, J. M., Ruvinsky, I., Hedges, B., Maxson, L. R., 1995. Phylogenetic
Relationship of Amphibian Families Inferred from Sequences of
Mitocondrial 12S and 16S Ribosomal RNA Genes. Mol. Biol. Evol.
12(5):928-937.
Herera, M., et al.. 1996. Application of multifactorial discriminant analysis in the
morphostructural differentiation of Andalusian caprine breeds. Small
Rum. 22:39-47.
IUCN. 2015. IUCN Redlist Species Threatened. www.iucnredlist.org. 12 Juli
2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
66
Inger, R.F. & Iskandar, D.T. (2005) A collection of amphibians from West
Sumatra, with description of a new species of Megophrys (Amphibia:
Anura). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53, 133–142.
Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R. B. 2005. A Field Guide To The Frogs of Borneo.
Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo) : Kota Kinabalu.
Iskandar, D.T. 1998. Seri Panduan Lapangan Amfibi Jawa dan Bali. Puslitbang.
Biologi LIPI: Bogor.
Johnson, P.T.J., Lunde, K.B., Zelmer, D.A., Werner, J.K. 2003. Limb deformities
as anemerging parasitic disease in amphibians: Evidence from Museum
Specimens and Resurvey Data. Biological Conservation. 17 : 1724-1737.
Jumilawaty, E. 2002. Morfometri dan Kompetisi Interspesifik antara Pecuk Hitam
(Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) dan Pecuk kecil (Phalacrocorax niger) di
Kolonia Utara dan Barat Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut. [Tesis].
Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.
Kamariah. 2011. Analisis Morfometrik Kepala Pada Beberapa Burung Dara Laut
(Laridae). [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Kampas, R. 2008. Keragaman Fenotipik Morfometrik Tubuh dan Pendugaan
Jarak Genetik Kerbau Rawa di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Propinsi
Sumatera Utara. [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program
Sarjana.
Kruckeberg A.R. & Rabinowitz D. 1985. Biological Aspects of Endemism in
Higher Plants. Annual. Review of Ecology Systematics 16: 447–479.
Kurniati, H. 2007. The Herpetofauna of The Gold Mining Project Area in North
Sumatera: Species Rischness Before Exploitation Activities. Zootaxa.
16(1): 1-11.
Lasley, J. F. 1978. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Third Edition. PrenticeHall of India Private imited : New Delhi.
Major J. 1988. Endemism: A Botanical Perspective. In: Myers A.A. and Giller
P.S. (eds) Analytical Biogeography, An Integrated Approach to the Study
of Animal and Plant Distributions. Chapman & Hall, London.
Mertz, L.A. & Allen, C.J. 2005. Grzimek’s student Animal Life Resource
Amphibian. Vol. II. Thomson Gale: Canada.
Meteyer, C. U. 2000. Field Guide to Malformations of Frogs and Toads with
Radiographic
Interpretations.
Biological
Science
Report
USGS/BRD/BSR- 2000-0005.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Malkmus, R. et al. 2002. Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North
Borneo). A.R.G Gantner Verlag K.G.: Berlin, Germany.
Mistar, 2003. Panduan Lapangan Amfibi Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser. Cetakan
Pertama. The Gibbon Foundation dan PILI-NGO Movement: Bogor.
Myers, C.W. (1982) Spotted poison frogs: Descriptions of three new Dendrobates
from western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from
"Chiriqui". American Museum Novitates. 2721, 1–23.
Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press: New
York.
Nesty, et al., 2013. Variasi Morfometrik Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider,
1999) (Anura: Bufonidae) di Sumatera Barat yang Dipisahkan Bukit
Barisan. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas. 2(1) 37-42.
Noor, R. R. 2004. Genetik Ternak. Penerbit Swadaya: Jakarta.
Nurmainis, 2000. Kebiasaan Makanan Kodok Sawah Rana cancrivora di
Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor,
Program Sarjana.
Permenhut. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan. Nomor: P.53/Menhut-II/2006.
Pounds, J.A. & Crump, M.L. 1994. Amphibian Declines and Climate
Disturbance: The Case of The Golden Toad and Harlequin Frog.
Conservation Biology 8, 72–85.
Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L. & Campbell, J.H. 1999. Biological Response to
Climate Change on A Tropical Mountain. Nature 398, 611–614.
Pratomo, H. 2002. Kemampuan Makan Rana limnocharis dan Rana cancrivora di
Persawahan Jawa Barat Sebagai Predator Hama Padi dalam Proyek
Pengkajian Dan Penelitian Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, 9 April
2002. Jakarta.
Radiansyah S. 2004. Keanekaragaman Spesies Amfibi dan Biologi Populasi
Limnonectes kuhlii di Sungai Cilember dalam Kawasan Wana Wisata
Curug Cilember, Bogor-Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian
Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Rositasari, R. 1997. Variasi Morfologi pada Marga Ammonia. Oseana. 22: 1-15.
Salamena, J. F., R. R. Noor, C. Sumantri, & I. Inounu. 2007. Hubungan genetik,
ukuran populasi efektif dan laju silang dalam per generasi populasi
domba di Pulau Kisar. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 32 (2) 71-75.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Sarbani. 2004. Kajian Keragaman Karakter Eksternal dan DNA Mikrosatelit Sapi
Pesisir di Sumatera Utara. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sibuea, T. T., Y. R. Noor, M. J. Silvius, & A. Susmianto. 1995. Burung Bangau,
Pelatuk Besi dan Paruh Sendok di Indonesia. Panduan untuk Jaringan
Kerja. Perlindungan Hutan dan Pengawetan Alam dan Wetlands
International- Indonesia Programme, Jakarta.
Siregar, A. J. 2010. Jenis dan Komposisi Komunitas Amfibi di Taman Wisata
Alam/Cagar Alam Sibolangit dan Desa Sembahe Kecamatan Sibolangit
Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.
Soehartono, T. & Mardiastuti, A. 2003. Pelaksanaan Konvensi CITES di
Indonesia. JICA : Jakarta.
Standsfield, W. D. 1983. Theory and Problems of Genetics. 2nd Edit.
Departement of Biological Science California Polytechnic State
University at San Luis Obispo. McGraw-Hill Book Company, United
State of America.
Stewart, M. M. 1995. Climate Driven Population Fluctuations in Rain Forest
Frogs. Journal of Herpetology. 29: 437–446.
Syahid,
A. 2009. Koefisien keragaman (KK). www. abdulsyahidforum.com/2009/04/koefisien-keragaman-kk.html. Diakses 6 Februari
2011.
Tan, S.G. 1996. Genetic relationship among livestock population in Asia.
Proceeding Partnership for Sustainable Livestock Production and Human
Welfare. The 8th AAAP Animal Sci. Cong. Tokyo. P: 590-597.
Thompson, Jr. J. N. & J. M. Thoday. 1979. Quantitative Genetic Variation.
Academic Press: New York.
Turner, J. R. 2004. Frogs of Australia. Pensoft Publishers : Bulgaria.
Utama, H. 2003. Studi Keanekaragaman Amfibi (Ordo Anura) di Areal PT
Intracawood Manufacturing Kalimantan Timur. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Van Kampen, P.N. 1923. The Amphibian of Indo-Australian Archipelago. E.J.
Brill Ltd. Leiden: Holland.
Warwick, E. J., J. M. Astuti & W. Hardjosubroto. 1995. Pemuliaan Ternak.
Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
69
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Wells, K.D. 1948. The Ecology and Behaviour of Amphibian. The University of
Chicago Press: Chicago.
Wibowo, A., et al. 2008. Identifikasi Struktur Stok Ikan Belida (Chitala spp.) dan
Implikasinya Untuk Manajemen Populasi Alami. Jurnal Penelitian
Perikanan Indonesia. 14: 31-44.
Widodo, et al., 2003. Identifikasi Obyek dan Lokasi Pendidikan Konservasi di
Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Sibolangit. Balai Besar Konservasi dan
Sumber Daya Alam (BBKSDA) Sumatera Utara: Medan.
Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics : The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic
Systematics. University of Kansas. John Wiley and Son: New York.
Wikipedia. 2015. en.wikipedia.com. Diakses 19 agustus 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akbar, H. 2011. Perawatan dan Rehabilitasi Satwa Tangkapan di Pusat
penyelamatan Satwa Cikananga Sukabumi dan Gadog Bogor. [Skripsi].
Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Allendorf, F.W. et al. 2007. Genetic Effect of Harvest on Wild Animal
Population. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23(6):327-337.
Amat, F., Wollenberg, K. C., Vences., M. 2013. Correlates of Eye Colour and
Pattern in Mantellid Frog. Salamandra 49 (1) : 7-17.
Amphibianweb. 2015. www.amphibianweb.org. 17 Agustus 2015.
Astuti, M. 1997. Estimasi jarak genetik antara populasi kambing kacang, kambing
peranakan etawah dan kambing lokal berdasarkan polimorfisme protein
darah. Buletin Peternakan. 21 (1): 1-9.
Barnard, C. 2004. Animal Behaviour : Mechanism, Development, Function and
Evolution. Pearson Prentice Hall : New York.
Beebee, T. J. C. & Griffiths R. A. 2005. The amphibian decline crisis : A
watershed for conservation biology?. Biological Conservation. 125 :
271–285.
Brotowidjoyo, M. 1989. Zoologi Dasar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Brown, J. L., Schulte, R. & Summers, K. 2006. A new species of Dendrobates
(Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Amazonian lowlands in Perú. Zootaxa.
1152: 45–58.
Cadman, M. 2007. Consuming Wild Life: The Illegal Exploitation of Animal In
South Africa Zimbabwe and Zambia. A Preliminary Report for animal
Right africa and Xwe African Wild Life.
Carey, C., Corn, P.S., Jones, M.S., Livo, L.J., Muths, E. & Loeffler, C.W. (2003)
Environmental and life history factors that limit recovery. In: Southern
Rocky Mountain populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas). Status and
conservation of North American amphibians (ed. by M. Lanoo), pp. 00–
00. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Cohen, M. M. 2001. Frog decline, frog malformations, and a comparison of frog
and human health. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 104:101-109.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
65
Darmawan, B. 2008. Keanekaragaman Amfibi di Berbagai Tipe habitat : Studi
Kasus di Eks-HPH PT. Rimba Karya Indah Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi
Jambi. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Duellman, W. & Trueb, L. 1985. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book
Company: New York.
Ehrlich, P. & Sodhi, N. S. 2000. Conservation Biology For All. Oxford University
Press: Oxford, United Kingdom.
Falconer, D. S. & T. F. C. Mackay. 1996. Quantitative Genetics. Fourth Edition.
Longman Group Ltd.: England.
Fiesta-Bianchet, M. & Apollonio, M. 2003. Animal Behaviour and Wildlife
Conservation. Island Press: Washington DC, USA.
Futuyama, D. J. 1986. Evolutionary Biology. Sunderland. Mass: Sinauer
Associates, Inc. Itaca.
Gaspersz, V. 1992. Teknik Analisis dalam Penelitian Percobaan. Jilid 2. Tarsito :
Bandung.
Gentry A.H. 1986. Endemism in tropical versus temperate communities. In:
Soule´ M.E. (ed) Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and
Diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 153–181.
Goin, C.J. et al. 1978. Introduction to Herpetology. Third Edition. W.H. Freeman
And Company: San Fransisco.
Gvozdik, V., et al. 2010. Phylogeography of the Middle Eastern tree frogs (Hyla,
Hylidae, Amphibia) as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA
variation, with a description of a new species. Molecular Phylogenetics
and Evolution. 55: 1146-1166.
Hartl, D.L. 1988. A Primer of Population Genetics. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Associates,
Inc. Publishers : Sunderland.
Hay, J. M., Ruvinsky, I., Hedges, B., Maxson, L. R., 1995. Phylogenetic
Relationship of Amphibian Families Inferred from Sequences of
Mitocondrial 12S and 16S Ribosomal RNA Genes. Mol. Biol. Evol.
12(5):928-937.
Herera, M., et al.. 1996. Application of multifactorial discriminant analysis in the
morphostructural differentiation of Andalusian caprine breeds. Small
Rum. 22:39-47.
IUCN. 2015. IUCN Redlist Species Threatened. www.iucnredlist.org. 12 Juli
2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
66
Inger, R.F. & Iskandar, D.T. (2005) A collection of amphibians from West
Sumatra, with description of a new species of Megophrys (Amphibia:
Anura). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53, 133–142.
Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R. B. 2005. A Field Guide To The Frogs of Borneo.
Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo) : Kota Kinabalu.
Iskandar, D.T. 1998. Seri Panduan Lapangan Amfibi Jawa dan Bali. Puslitbang.
Biologi LIPI: Bogor.
Johnson, P.T.J., Lunde, K.B., Zelmer, D.A., Werner, J.K. 2003. Limb deformities
as anemerging parasitic disease in amphibians: Evidence from Museum
Specimens and Resurvey Data. Biological Conservation. 17 : 1724-1737.
Jumilawaty, E. 2002. Morfometri dan Kompetisi Interspesifik antara Pecuk Hitam
(Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) dan Pecuk kecil (Phalacrocorax niger) di
Kolonia Utara dan Barat Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut. [Tesis].
Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.
Kamariah. 2011. Analisis Morfometrik Kepala Pada Beberapa Burung Dara Laut
(Laridae). [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Kampas, R. 2008. Keragaman Fenotipik Morfometrik Tubuh dan Pendugaan
Jarak Genetik Kerbau Rawa di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Propinsi
Sumatera Utara. [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program
Sarjana.
Kruckeberg A.R. & Rabinowitz D. 1985. Biological Aspects of Endemism in
Higher Plants. Annual. Review of Ecology Systematics 16: 447–479.
Kurniati, H. 2007. The Herpetofauna of The Gold Mining Project Area in North
Sumatera: Species Rischness Before Exploitation Activities. Zootaxa.
16(1): 1-11.
Lasley, J. F. 1978. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Third Edition. PrenticeHall of India Private imited : New Delhi.
Major J. 1988. Endemism: A Botanical Perspective. In: Myers A.A. and Giller
P.S. (eds) Analytical Biogeography, An Integrated Approach to the Study
of Animal and Plant Distributions. Chapman & Hall, London.
Mertz, L.A. & Allen, C.J. 2005. Grzimek’s student Animal Life Resource
Amphibian. Vol. II. Thomson Gale: Canada.
Meteyer, C. U. 2000. Field Guide to Malformations of Frogs and Toads with
Radiographic
Interpretations.
Biological
Science
Report
USGS/BRD/BSR- 2000-0005.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Malkmus, R. et al. 2002. Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North
Borneo). A.R.G Gantner Verlag K.G.: Berlin, Germany.
Mistar, 2003. Panduan Lapangan Amfibi Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser. Cetakan
Pertama. The Gibbon Foundation dan PILI-NGO Movement: Bogor.
Myers, C.W. (1982) Spotted poison frogs: Descriptions of three new Dendrobates
from western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from
"Chiriqui". American Museum Novitates. 2721, 1–23.
Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press: New
York.
Nesty, et al., 2013. Variasi Morfometrik Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider,
1999) (Anura: Bufonidae) di Sumatera Barat yang Dipisahkan Bukit
Barisan. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas. 2(1) 37-42.
Noor, R. R. 2004. Genetik Ternak. Penerbit Swadaya: Jakarta.
Nurmainis, 2000. Kebiasaan Makanan Kodok Sawah Rana cancrivora di
Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor,
Program Sarjana.
Permenhut. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan. Nomor: P.53/Menhut-II/2006.
Pounds, J.A. & Crump, M.L. 1994. Amphibian Declines and Climate
Disturbance: The Case of The Golden Toad and Harlequin Frog.
Conservation Biology 8, 72–85.
Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L. & Campbell, J.H. 1999. Biological Response to
Climate Change on A Tropical Mountain. Nature 398, 611–614.
Pratomo, H. 2002. Kemampuan Makan Rana limnocharis dan Rana cancrivora di
Persawahan Jawa Barat Sebagai Predator Hama Padi dalam Proyek
Pengkajian Dan Penelitian Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, 9 April
2002. Jakarta.
Radiansyah S. 2004. Keanekaragaman Spesies Amfibi dan Biologi Populasi
Limnonectes kuhlii di Sungai Cilember dalam Kawasan Wana Wisata
Curug Cilember, Bogor-Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian
Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Rositasari, R. 1997. Variasi Morfologi pada Marga Ammonia. Oseana. 22: 1-15.
Salamena, J. F., R. R. Noor, C. Sumantri, & I. Inounu. 2007. Hubungan genetik,
ukuran populasi efektif dan laju silang dalam per generasi populasi
domba di Pulau Kisar. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 32 (2) 71-75.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Sarbani. 2004. Kajian Keragaman Karakter Eksternal dan DNA Mikrosatelit Sapi
Pesisir di Sumatera Utara. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sibuea, T. T., Y. R. Noor, M. J. Silvius, & A. Susmianto. 1995. Burung Bangau,
Pelatuk Besi dan Paruh Sendok di Indonesia. Panduan untuk Jaringan
Kerja. Perlindungan Hutan dan Pengawetan Alam dan Wetlands
International- Indonesia Programme, Jakarta.
Siregar, A. J. 2010. Jenis dan Komposisi Komunitas Amfibi di Taman Wisata
Alam/Cagar Alam Sibolangit dan Desa Sembahe Kecamatan Sibolangit
Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.
Soehartono, T. & Mardiastuti, A. 2003. Pelaksanaan Konvensi CITES di
Indonesia. JICA : Jakarta.
Standsfield, W. D. 1983. Theory and Problems of Genetics. 2nd Edit.
Departement of Biological Science California Polytechnic State
University at San Luis Obispo. McGraw-Hill Book Company, United
State of America.
Stewart, M. M. 1995. Climate Driven Population Fluctuations in Rain Forest
Frogs. Journal of Herpetology. 29: 437–446.
Syahid,
A. 2009. Koefisien keragaman (KK). www. abdulsyahidforum.com/2009/04/koefisien-keragaman-kk.html. Diakses 6 Februari
2011.
Tan, S.G. 1996. Genetic relationship among livestock population in Asia.
Proceeding Partnership for Sustainable Livestock Production and Human
Welfare. The 8th AAAP Animal Sci. Cong. Tokyo. P: 590-597.
Thompson, Jr. J. N. & J. M. Thoday. 1979. Quantitative Genetic Variation.
Academic Press: New York.
Turner, J. R. 2004. Frogs of Australia. Pensoft Publishers : Bulgaria.
Utama, H. 2003. Studi Keanekaragaman Amfibi (Ordo Anura) di Areal PT
Intracawood Manufacturing Kalimantan Timur. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut
Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.
Van Kampen, P.N. 1923. The Amphibian of Indo-Australian Archipelago. E.J.
Brill Ltd. Leiden: Holland.
Warwick, E. J., J. M. Astuti & W. Hardjosubroto. 1995. Pemuliaan Ternak.
Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
69
DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FMIPA USU
Wells, K.D. 1948. The Ecology and Behaviour of Amphibian. The University of
Chicago Press: Chicago.
Wibowo, A., et al. 2008. Identifikasi Struktur Stok Ikan Belida (Chitala spp.) dan
Implikasinya Untuk Manajemen Populasi Alami. Jurnal Penelitian
Perikanan Indonesia. 14: 31-44.
Widodo, et al., 2003. Identifikasi Obyek dan Lokasi Pendidikan Konservasi di
Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Sibolangit. Balai Besar Konservasi dan
Sumber Daya Alam (BBKSDA) Sumatera Utara: Medan.
Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics : The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic
Systematics. University of Kansas. John Wiley and Son: New York.
Wikipedia. 2015. en.wikipedia.com. Diakses 19 agustus 2015.
Universitas Sumatera Utara