AN 15 a [Compatibility Mode]

ANNEX 15:
New challenges and opportunity related to
forest tenure, land allocation and titling in Lao
PDR

By: CHANTHAVIPHONE INTHVONG,
ADG LNRRIC, MoNRE

Policy Development Related to Land &
Forest
• 1986: New Econmic Mechanism => Encourange
Diversified Economic Entities => Privatizing & Lease
out of State Properties (including land);
• 1986: Selfsufficient economy => Commercial
economy => Commodities Production Program
(Prog.I);
• 1989: Forest Conservation & Environment
Protection=> Shifting Cultivation Stabilization
Program (Prog. II);
• 1989: Introduction of National Land Titling & Issuing
of Temporal Land Use Certificate Program


1

Key elements of the Agri-Forest Land
Policy:
• Abolishing the Cooperative Farming System =>
Reallocation/distribution of production means
(including land) back to Private/HH management;
• Land Use Zoning and Allocation (Differentiation of
forest land vs agricultural land use and conservation
vs production land uses);
• New Land Tenure Arrangement (Transfer of
Management Responsibility of State Forest Land to
Community and Private/HH’s responsibility through
long-term lease agreement);

Ceiling Policy for Agricultural Land :
Criteria for allocation to Community (forest &
agricultural land): Varied, depending on local
situation, needs, management tradition &

other policies;
Criteria for allocation to HH: HH’s Labor
– Paddy Rice: 1 ha per Labor
– Upland Annual Crop: 3 ha per Labor
– Upland Tree Crop: 15 ha per Labor
– Livestock raising: 15 ha per Labor

2

LUPLA & Shifting Cultivation
Stabilization Program:
Progress & Impacts

3

Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy and
Measures
Push for elimination of swidden agriculture for
development through:
» LUP/LA


(2/3 of total no of Villages),

» Rural Development
» FDI/Land concessions

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

7

Issues of LUP/LA
Generally participation of the villagers in the LUP/LA exercise
was very low due to time limitation and education;
Village land use maps, regulations, data on land titles etc. was
lost / not available at DAFO or LMA
The villagers did not really know if their temporary land use
certificate was still valid or how to obtain an actual land title
(no follow-up after 3 year validity)
LUP/LA arrangements were largely obsolete due to population
increase and land concessions

Only temporary land use certificates have been issued so far
(only 1 permanent land title in the sample) which are all
invalid by now.
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

8

4

Impact of LUP/LA
• the effects and impacts have shown that several of
the expected results have generally not been
achieved Increase of protected forest
• Increase of tenure security (only temporary land use
certificates)
• Decrease of land conflicts
• Decrease of agricultural area and food production
• Decrease of available NTFPs and wildlife
• Generally limited impact due to lack of follow-up
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August


9

Issues of land concessions/Plantations
-Government’s Policy

- The Lao economy shall be market driven (new mechanism)
- Tree planting is a priority
- Private investment shall be the driving force
-Major Concerns/Issues
• Farmers food security & socio-economic development
• Appropriate legislation
• Land allocation process/Coordination local to central government
• Attractive conditions for serious Lao and International Investors
• Biodiversity
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

10

5


Can plantations assist in eradication of poverty?

Yes, if governed properly
Agroforestry contributes to food security
- Labour opportunity (daily labour)
- Employment opportunity (permanent)
- Land lease fees to villagers
- Profit sharing should be consider
- Cottage industries around plantations should be promoted
-Private companies shall be the engine and ensure markets (already on planning stage)
- Private companies shall work for food security and socio-economic development of
rural communities
- Private companies shall undertake outgrowing schemes when not presenting a
financial risk to the farmer

Land Access & Livelihood Improvement

6


Selected criteria
for local land allocation

Land and its social and economic importance


Physical space
Economic resources


• Food and
Land
Land
• shelter
markets


• Cultural heritage
Rights and obligations



Figure I. Perspectives on land

7

Laos: Abundance of Natural Biodiversity Resources

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

15

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

16

8

MOSAIC LANDUSE: POROUS FOREST LAND

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August


17

9

10

22

11

Land Use & NRM:
Issues and Challenges


How to generate optimum if not maximum wealth from the country’s land
& resources to the country and its population;
• increasing investment from FDI in Laos has posed unprecedented
challenges to national land resources utilization, environmental protection
and market-oriented land management;

• Existence of large number of land development and concession projects
without prior national-wide LU planning & Land titling lead to increasing
losing of access to land by rural population;
• Limited law enforcement and governance capacity at local levels
(especially at District and Village levels) for Land & Resource sector
analysis and policy formulation, implementation and feedbacks;
Lead to increasing social conflict and disparity and environmental
degradation and occurrence of natural disasters.
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

23

Land Mangement: Functions




















The main functions in land management are as follows:
1. Land data survey and allocation;
2. General land mapping;
3. Land measurement and land quality evaluation;
4. Classification of land regions;
5. Classification of land categories;
6. Preparation of Land Master Plan;
7. Land use planning;
8. Approval of Land use plan;
9. Land records (statistics);
10. Holding land registration book;
11. Land valuation;
12. Assignment of land use right;
13. Issuance of Land Title;
14. Land transfer, land lease;
15. Land uses control;
16. Land withdrawal or requisition;
17. Settlement of land dispute.

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

24

12

Priority Activities
In the Land & NRM Sector
• Increase awareness and recognition that land and natural
resources are the fundamentals for increasing food security,
reducing rural poverty and for assuring sustainable nationwide prosperity,
• Determine land needs of different sectors and society to meet
national development objectives
• National-Wide Macro- and Micro Land Use Zoning Plans
• National-wide Land Use (State, Communal & Private) Right
Registration Campaign
• Decentralization of Land Administration and Management
Activities (to District &Village Levels)
• Establishment of a (Computerized) National Land Information
System
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

25

National Future Land Use Target (to 2020)
• Conservation (Indirect Use) Land: 70% including
wetland areas.
• Production (Direct Use) Land: 30% which comprises
of:
– Agriculture (Paddy Rice (2 Mio ha) & Annual Cash Crops
(0.2 Mio ha), Fruit Trees (0.2 Mio ha), and Grass land (0.4
Mio ha)=> total 2.8 Mio ha.
– Production Forestry (Natural Production Forests (1.0 Mio
ha) & Plantations (0.8 Mio ha)=>total 1.8 Mio ha.
– Infrastructure, Mining & Settlement (2.3 Mio ha)
(Awaiting to be approved by GOL & NA)
LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

26

13

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35%
25%
15%
5%
0

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

27

Agricultural & Forestry
Land Use System
• Proposed Land Use Type by Slope Class:
– 0-5%: Terraced Paddy
– 5-15%: Contour Farming
– 15-25%: Agro-forestry
– 25-35%: Tree Plantations
– 35-45%: Sustainable Forestry
– > 45%: Protection Forestry

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

28

14

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

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LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

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18

Land Titling: Past Achievements & Issues

Cadastral Mapping: Importance

19

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

39

¸òêó-¡¾−-©É¸¨-¡Éº¤ Total Station

20

TOTAL STATION

GPS Garmin etrex

GPS Garmin 12 XL

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

41

Land Titling Achievement During the past 15 years
LLTP - Annual −
Titles
1995-2006
¥¿−¸−©ò
¦½¦öregistered
´ Ã−Ä쨽
I Áì½ II

(©ò−)
120000

105576
100000
87333
80000

62212
58309

60000

36682

40000

16376

20000
7367
832

3926

2867

1804

1996-1997

1997-1998

1998-1999

0
1995-1996

1999-2000

2000-2001

2001-2002

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

2002-2003

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006 [11
months]]
(¯ó)

42

21

Issues



In line with the National Socio-economic Development Plan up to 2020, integrated land use
planning should meet objectives of titling (land tenure security and access to credit) and
create social stability via the coordination of titling with service delivery and investment.
Currently, the Land Titling Program:



Slow (needs to wait for densified datum network, requires concrete corner markers, too centralized
not enough SATs)
Expensive










illegal land sales, incomplete picture of rural land market, low taxation
uncompensated taking of farmers land (e.g. concessions, infrastructure development)

Conflicting with:





Internally (concrete markers, only 3-4 parcels/day per SAT unit, demands additional spending on digitization)
Externally (increased monetary costs and delays to rural infrastructure development)

Incomplete: Restricted to areas with datum network coverage, mostly along the main road network,
leaving a lot of agricultural and communal land untitled. This leads to:

present road development plan (increased compensation costs, social conflict, road construction delays)
existing state land because paper-only system means that titled areas can not be compared to MoF list of state
lands

Inadequate backup/storage because only one set of cadastral maps and adjudication documents (at
provincial level)

National Geodetic Network
NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK OF LAO PDR

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

44

22

Pilot Project on integration and Land Use Planning and Land Titling
in Sub-Urban and Rural Areas Sangthong District.

Joint Research By NLMA & VCC LMA
Sangthong District, Vientiane Capital City

November 2007

23

UAV BLIMP/Balloon

Autoo-Pilot UAV

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

47

Objectives - at central level
• Develop a integrated digital and low cost approach to
systematic land use planning and land adjudication that
include option for land readjustment for sub-urban and rural
areas
• Contribute to national land policy development
• Ensure that the data captured during this pilot exercise are
consistent, compatible and can be merged into the planned
established National Land Information System (NLIS)
• Prepare for reorientation/expansion of Land Titling Project
Phase III to remote rural areas

24

Objectives - at local level
• Increase tenure security in sub-urban and rural areas
• Reduce incidences of land conflicts
• Pave the way for effective land administration and active rural
land markets/mortgage
• Enhance sustainable permanent land use and stabilize land
occupancy
• Increase capacities and responsibilities in land administration
of local LMA (Provincial, District and Village level)
• Improve the information base on present land tenure rights in
rural areas, also for future tax collection

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

50

25

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August



26

III. Cadastral survey

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

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Adjudification

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

54

27

Scanning of cadastral maps and Land files

Scan Map

Scan Documents

LNRRIC/NLMA 2010 August

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28