A STUDY ON THE PROCEDURES OF INVESTIGATION AS SEEN IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL "THE SUMMONS” - Test Repository

  A STUDY ON THE PROCEDURES OF

  INVESTIGATION AS SEEN IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL "THE SU M M O N S ”

  A Graduating Thesis P erp u stakaan S T A IN S ala tig a IlllIlIlIlHil 0 5 T D 3 0 0 6 4 9 8 .0 1

  Submitted to the board of Examiner in Partial Fulfillment of The requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.l)

  In the English and Education Department

  113 01 026 E N G L ISH D E P A R T M E N T O F E D U C A T IO N FA C U L T Y ST A T E ISL A M IC S T U D IE S IN ST IT U T E (ST A IN ) S A L A T IG A 2005

  DEPARTEM EN AGAMA SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAM A ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN) SALATIGA Jl. Stadion No. 03 Telp. 323433, 323706 Kode Pos 50721 Salatiga

  

DEKLARASI

Bisntillahirrahmanirrahim

  Dengan penuh kejujuran dan tanggung jawab peneliti menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini tidak berisi materi yang pernah ditulis oleh orang lain atau pernah diterbitkan. Demikian juga skripsi ini tidak berisi satupun pikiran-pikiran orang lain, kecuali informasi yang terdapat dalam referensi yang dijadikan bahan rujukan.

  Apabila dikemudian hari ternyata terdapat materi atau pikiran-pikiran orang lain diluar referensi yang peneliti cantumkan, maka peneliti sanggup mempertanggungjawabkan kembali keaslian skripsi ini dihadapan sidang munaqosah skripsi.

  Salatiga, 20 Agustus 2005 Peneliti

  Uswatun Hasanah

  NIM: 113 01 026 u

DEPARTMEN OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS

  J l Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721

  Salatiga, August 11th, 2005

  ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES C a s e : U s w a t u n H a s a n a h ’s T h e s is

  Dear The Head o f State Islamic Studies Institute o f Salatiga.

  A ssa la m u ’alaikum Wr. Wb.

  After reading and correcting Uswatun hasanah’s thesis entitled

  

“A STUDY ON THE PROCEDURES OF INVESTIGATION AS SEEN IN

JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL TH E SU M M O N S” We have decided and we

  would like to propose that if it can be accepted by educational faculty, I hope it will be examined as soon as possible.

  W assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb.

  C ou nselor A ssista n t C ou nselor

Dra. Woro R etn a n in g sih , M.Pd H anung T riyoko, SS. M.Hum

  

NIP. 150 262 6 4 6 NIP. 150 2 9 5 146

DEPARTMEN OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS

  (STAIN) SALATIGA Jl. Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721

  

STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION

A STUDY ON THE PROCEDURES OF INVESTIGATION AS

SEEN IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL

  “THE SUM M ONS”

USWATUN HASANAH

NIM. 113 01 026

  

Has been brought to the board of examiners in August 30th, 2005/

Rajab 25th, 1426 H, and hereby considered to completely fulfill the

requirement of Sarjana degree in the English Department of

Educational Faculty.

  A u g u st 30 th, 2 0 0 5 M S alatig a, ---------------------------------- R ajab 25 th, 1426 H

  

Board of examiners

Dra. Woro R etn a n in g sih , M.Pd H anung T riyoko,SS.M .H um

  MOTTO (Person w h o respects the w a y (fo d c rea te d them w id g e t honor fro m others.

  P a tien t is the 6est w a y to emSody the success.

  V se y o u r dim e before wiseCy or eCse yo u may regret it (Re H onest, (Bedoursehf

  

D E D I C A T I O N

• My God Aimigthy.

  • • My beloved father ( H. Sonwasi Ridwan, BA), my beloved mother

    ( Hj. Thohiroh), who always pray, support, motivate, give valuable advice, give their love, their devotion, and their affection for me. I always love you tor good.
  • • My beloved old brother and sister ( Mas Mimi and Mbak Ul), and

    my beloved young sister (Aini), who always support and give encouragement.
  • • My best Friends ( Mbak Amin, Aniez, Mardiyah, Oesna, Dewix,

    Firoh, Ai' and Wahid), thank for your motivation, this thesis cannot be completely finished without you ali.

  

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

  The writer thanks to god, Allah SWT, the almighty and the mercy that gives her a grace in finishing this thesis. So many wonderful people whom always help and support her so much to compose this thesis possible. Words alone cannot express her appreciation. She truly grateful for their encouragement and kindness.

  She would like to thank them all:

  1. Drs. Badwan, M.Ag. As a chairman o f State Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga (STAIN).

  2. Drs. Sa’adi, M.Ag. As a chief o f English Department who always guides and encourages in my study.

  3. Dra. Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd. As my consultant, her advocacy makes me enjoy in finishing this graduating thesis.

  4. Mr. Hanung Triyoko, SS. M.Hum. As my assistance consultant, who spent the time to correct my thesis patiently and gave me advice and guidance.

  5. Mr. Hammam, S.Pd, Mr. Ruwandi, S.Pd and All the lecturers o f the State Islamic Studies Institute, especially of English Department For their lecturing which are very useful for composing this thesis.

  6. My beloved Father and mother, and my old brother and sister, and my young sister, and all o f my family who gave her prayer, motivation, devotion, love, and miss.

  7. I would like to express a special thank to my best friends and Underground group: Mbak Amin, Mar, Aniez, Oesna, Wahid, Dewix, and Yudhi, special

  

VII

  i

  to Ai’ and Firoh, who always helped me as well as support to finish this thesis, and God bless you.

  8. All of friends at English Department TBI ’01, thank’s for happiness, joy, laugh, and nice friendship experienced together.

  9. Special thank also goes to Mr. Samsul and his family, who helped me in checking grammar in this thesis.

  10. Special thanks also goes to Mbak Uddah and her family, Mbak Asih, Mbak Nur Hidayati and Wiwik who lent me some books o f literature as my thesis references.

  11. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their help and support to the writer in analyzing this study.

  1 love you all my friends, thank’s for staying and accompanying me for four years in STAIN. I will never forget you all.

  Finally, the writer is aware this thesis is so simple that there may be mistakes on it. Therefore, she would like to ask for readers to critic or to give suggestions to her in order that this thesis becomes improved.

  God blessed them for all their kindness.

  >

  Salatiga, August 11th , 2005 Writer

  Uswatun Hasanah

  • viii

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

  

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  C . T h e C o n trib u tio n o f L iterature

  13

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION

  A. Prosedures o f Investigation in the Police

  

  

  C. Comparing Both o f The Procedures o f Investigation in Police Department and The

  

  

  

  

   BIBLIOGRAPHIES APPENDIXES

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study In life, people need an entertainment, since it is one way to omit their

  depression. People can get entertainment from magazine, newspaper, television, and literary work. Literary works are read by so many people since they entertain and give information to the people, such as enriching experience. By reading literary work, people can be more introspective and know themselves. Literary works involve several genres like drama, short story, poetry and novel. When reading literary work, people find enjoyment and satisfaction, especially improving curiosity and enriching knowledge in literature. The fun and enjoyment from studying literary works can be gained through the students understand the literary works comprehensively.

  But some students regard that appreciating and comprehending literature, especially novels are boring, uninteresting, difficult, it’s only wastes their times and it is only the author’s imagination. This is happened because when the students take literature class, they do not like the course because it is difficult to understand, so they get bored and see literature course as uninteresting and unpleasant subject. On the other thing is that it is interesting, challenging, and easy enough to appreciate and comprehend.

  2 By introducing some important short stories and novels with foreign

  culture and background, the students can enrich their knowledge from western culture, and they are able to study foreign culture with thei- foreign language. The fun and enjoyment of courses can be gained if the students understand the short stories o f the novel assigned.

  Novel is any long work of prose fictions which claims to be considered as a work o f art. The first conventions in novel is language.1 The language o f the novel is clear, and to classify this, the author may use a passage to describe a character, which is stated in his ideas, dialogues, actions, thoughts and appearances as well. He may create powerful emotion impact in the reader’s mind. Through the power o f the written word, it can make the readers feel, hear and see like in reality. Sometimes it can bring the readers’ into tightly stretched conditions, sadness, loneliness, happiness, disappointed, and angry. It means that emotion o f the readers arouse, so the author’s expressions had been succeed in representing the story. So it becomes a complete material which is interested to study.

  The writer is interested in the novel as her literary work because she wants to make the readers realize that there are many problems in life and there are always good ways to overcome it. The writer in this thesis emphasizes on how the main character follows certain procedures of investigation to solve his problem as seen in this novel. She beliefs that the readers will not get difficulties to comprehend this novel because everyone

  

' S. RW. Paulus.1983. Dasar-Dasar Apresiasi Sastra. Semarang : Unpublished. Page 11

  3

  ever has experience in their life as seen in this novel, so experience gotten from it is not difficult for the readers. The readers only need to know how to understand the story and how the story will be useful for them by reading it.

  In this thesis, the writer wants to study a novel entitled The Summons by John Grisham. She chooses it because John Grisham is a famous author who has produced some novels and the content o f the story The Summons, mostly tell about the main character’s procedures of investigation. Based on the reason above, the writer tries to analyze the main character’s procedures of investigation in disclosing mystery of the mysterious money as seen in John Grisham’s novel The Summons.

B. Statement of the Problem

  Based on the background above the writer formulates the problem as follows:

  1. What is the plot of the story?

  2. What are the procedures o f investigation as seen in John Grisham’s novel The Summons'?

  3. How do this procedures influence the plot of the story?

  4 C. Purpose of the Study

  The purpose of the study is directly related to the problem o f the study, that are as follows:

  1. To find the plot of the story as it is applied by John Grisham in his novel The Summons.

  2. To find the procedures o f investigation as seen in John Grisham’s novel The Summons.

  3. To find how the procedures o f investigation influence the plot o f the story.

D. Significance and Benefit of the Study

  The study has significance especially to the students of English department, that are as follows:

  1. This study is hoped to the students at least they will think the existence o f this novel, so that they will be interested to read novels and it will add the student’s initiative in understanding the conflict in novel.

  2. It can be used as media to increase their activities and as a description in knowing the activity and problem o f human’s life in facing the odd which are found in this novel.

  3. This study is expected as reference o f the students in developing their art of appreciating literary works which as certainly through an education process.

  The benefit expected from this study are as follows :

  1. Theoretical Benefit Hopefully, the result o f this research will give some benefits to the readers to understand how the procedures of investigation is applied by policeman and private investigators to find clues to solve mysteries of certain crimes.

  2. Practical Benefit The writer would give some contributions to the development of literary study, particularly to help another researchers who want to examine John Grisham’s work.

  E. Scope of the Study

  There are many topics that can be discussed in this novel, for example criminal and mysteries, but in this study the scope o f the study is focussed only on the main character’s procedures of investigation in disclosing the mystery of mysterious money as seen in John Grisham’s novel The

  Summons.

  F. Literature Review

  Because it is library research, the writer concerns to analyze the procedures o f investigation in John Grisham’s novel The Summons, through descriptive analysis. That involves John Grisham’s whole career in the world o f literature, his predecessors, his character and all o f his novel plots.

  Some popular books which are written by John Grisham are: A Time to

  Kill, The Firm, The Pelican Brief, The Client, The Chamber, The Rainmaker, A Painted House, The Gingerbread Man, The Brethren, and The Summons.

  6 Another study that dealing with John Grisham’s novel is done by

  Anita Novianti (2004) in the tittles o f her thesis; “Curiosity About Adult

  Life House In John Grisham’s A Painted House : A Developmental Psychological Perspective”.2 She analyzes the desire of adult people in their life seen from psychological perspective.

  In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the procedures of investigation in John Grisham’s novel The Summons. The writer investigates the procedures of investigation on John Grisham by comparing it with the police department’s procedure o f investigation in overcoming the crimes.

G. Method of Investigation

  a. Type of Research This type of research is qualitative research based on the library research that relates to literature. Here, the writer reads articles or references relating to the subjects discussed in this thesis. The articles include articles of the law and crime, the articles o f the police procedure of investigation. Particularly the books of the literature that support research or analysis of novel.

  b. Data sources The writer takes data resources from : 1. John Grisham’s novel The Summons.

  2Anita Novianti. 2004. Curiosity About Adult Life House in John Grisham’s A Painted

House: Developmental Psychological Perspective. Muhammadiyah University Surakarta::

Unpublished

  7

  2. The library o f STAIN Salatiga about a book o f the theory of literature, the acknowledge o f the literary work appreciation, written by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren.

  3. The writer reads the books o f linguistics to increase and add to the theory o f literature used to analyze o f novel by using books that written by William Kenney. 4. .” City of Sacramento Police Department

  (Citizen Complaint Procedure)

  c. Research Paradigm Discovery is available to the defense despite its potential for perjury and the intimidation or elimination of witnesses. According to

  Paul B. Weston the standards for police department in procedures of investigation as follows:3

3 Paul B. Weston, Kenneth M. Wells, and Marlene E. Hertoghe. 2000. Criminal Evidence

  For Police. 4th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs. P. 178

  8 In this research paradigm explains that the police investigators

  must expect discovery and learn to cope with its problems. It should be expected that the defendant’s statements and any police reports, photographs, or sketches that record the criminal act the defendant is charged with will subject to discovery. This is also true o f physic evidence, reports of identification and o f laboratory technicians, lists of witnesses, and witnesses’s statements.

  And the standard o f the novel in procedures o f investigation are based on the standards o f police department in procedure of investigation are:

  This paradigm based on the police department in the procedures of investigation, but it is also related with the novel. The writer wants to compare between the standards o f procedures of investigation in the police department and the procedures o f investigation in the novel have similarities in fact.

  9

  d. Data Analysis The writer uses dynamic structuralism method to analyze the data.

  It means the writer o f this thesis pays attention to three things as follows:

  1. The writer has to explain the literary work as a structure based on some principle in comparing between the procedures o f investigation in the police department and the procedures o f investigation in the novel.

  2. The writer has to explain the relationship between the author, reality of literary work and the reader.

  3. Data analysis is expected to answer the problems in this research.

H. Paper Organization

  The writer will organize this paper in order to make easier to understand. This research paper is divided into five chapter.

  Chapter I is Introduction. This chapter deals with the background o f the study, statement of the study, purpose o f the study, significance and benefit of the study, scope of the study, literature review, method o f investigation and paper organization.

  Chapter II is review of related literature deals with the literature, the kind of literature, the contributions o f literature, the novel, the kind o f the novel, and the elements of the novel.

  10 Chapter III is the analysis o f The Summons contains the novel in a brief and it is element explored o f the novel.

  Chapter IV is finding and discussion contains the police department procedures of investigation, the procedures o f investigation in John Grisham’s novel The Summons, comparing both o f them, moral values of the novel and criticism of moral value.

  Chapter V is closure. It deals with conclusion and suggestion. The last part is bibliography and appendixes.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The discussion o f this chapter chiefly concern with the literature, the novel, and the elements of the novel. A. Literature , Literature is a kind o f extension and application o f certain properties

  of language. Teeuw says that literary work is “the word o f the world”.1 It means that there is a relationship between literature and language o f the basic o f the fact that the literary work is a work art. Good work o f literature is able to give a feeling o f satisfaction and happiness to the readers. The beautiful imaginary expression o f literary work makes the work more vividly and more alive than real life, then unconsciously one is immersed in it because of pleasure and delight.

  Good work o f literature constitutes the interpretation o f life. A good work o f literature is appreciated because of its succession leading the readers to know the new aspect o f everyday life. In this respect, literature has a close integrated relation the nature. The author tries to give values on everyday life with new perspective and attitude forward one’s daily life.

1 Teeuw in Staf Pengajar UGM, IKIP Negeri, IKIP Muhammadiyah, Staf Peneliti Balai

  

Penelitian Bahasa Yogyakarta. 1994. Teori Penelitian Sastra. Masyarakat Poetika Indonesia. IKIP

Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta: Unpublished. P.73

  

11

  12 Literature is that part o f preserved writings that is distinguished for

  beauty o f form and expression.2 On the other hand, literature is one o f the great creative and universal means o f communicating the emotional, spiritual, or intellectual concerns o f mankind.3

B. The Kind o f Literature

  Literature is simply a way that can give experience the world around the readers through the writer’s imagination. It includes writer materials.

  Literature can be divided into two different groups. In one group we can place those writing that mainly present information. In other, we can place those that entertain.4

  Informative literature deals with fact explanation, real people lives, history, the main purpose o f this literature is to offer knowledge to the readers. The imaginative literature aims to arouse thought and feeling.

  The informative literature such as science and history consist o f fact. It means that all the author’s writing is actually happen, it can be happened a long time ago or in the present time. It is exact and can be changed if there is the new and reasonable one. But the imaginative literature, the author gives a truth, some people agrees on as being so, in his literary work. It is no exact, it means that not all o f the people agree with the author’s opinion.

2 The Americana People Enyclopedia.

  1963. New York: Grolier Incorporated.

  13 C. The Contribution of Literature

  According to Zumrotun Mahmudah in her thesis, Literature has some contributions to the reader’s life, they are as follows:5

  1. The great work literature gives the readers o f the truth o f life. From literature the reader can obtain the deep knowledge and understanding about human being, the world on the life.

  2. Literary work gives the readers the feeling o f amusement and satisfaction.

  3. The great o f literary work is immortal. It is different from other kinds of writing, newspaper and magazines that will be out dated when they are read a week after, because they just give a daily happening. A great work o f literature that was written in long time ago, such as Mahabarata, is still worth reading today because it contains messages that are o f real truth.

  4. The literary work is not restricted in certain nationally even though a work literature is written on the basis of certain situation end o f certain period o f time, it still shows the general truth so that the people from different nationally can appreciate it. It shows that the literature helps the readers in understanding people of another culture.

  5. Literature constitutes a work of art. Art in general and literature in specific constitutes a masterpiece o f culture created and needed by human being. The physical needs can be completed through science, technology, and economic while spiritual needs are fulfilled through religion and art.

5 Zumrotun Mahmudah. 2001. A Study On Jenifer Parker’s Suffering In Sidney

  Sheldon’s Novel “Rage O f Angel". University o f Muhammadiyah Malang: Unpublished. P. 8

  14

  6. Reading a literary work can also help the readers be cultured being who are responsive toward any kind of goodness in this life. One the ways to find out the values o f the truth is through involving the readers with the work of the art, including the work o f the literature. It will make the readers thoughtful because the literary works give such kind of feeling and thinking.

  D. The Novel One has already known that in prose fiction one can find short story and novel. In this study, the writer wants to make and analysis a novel that is The Summons which is written by John Grisham.

  The novel is written, not oral fictional prose narratives of substantial length and complexity.6 Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written.7

  A short novel called is novella or novellet.8 It does no matter if one discussed the novellete and the novel under the some heading, because the principles applied to the novel will work also for the novella.

  The novel is a work o f literature than consist o f 80.000 to 150.000 words. As the novel is longer than is short story, it can accommodate further development of character and can have more incidents, scene, or episodes, more setting and can take place in longer span or time. There are the characteristic which distinguish novel from short story, not merely their length.

  Encyclopedia Americana. International Edition. 1972. New York: Grolier Incorporated.

  7 Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. \956.Theory of Literature. 3rd Edition. New York: A Harvest Book. Harcourt, Brace & World. Inc. P. 216

  

8 William Kenney. 1966. New York: Monarch Press. P.103

How to Analyze Fiction.

  15 In some respect a novel is like short story, expect that is longer, both are prose fiction, both deals with truth, both deal with problem and conflict. Both aims are to entertain and inform them. Plot, character, setting, theme, and situation are elements o f both the novel and short story. The basic different between a novel and short story is length and complexity. A novel is a long story written in prose, but because it is long, it differs from short story in other ways too.

E. The Kind of Novel Mochtar Lubis says that there are six kinds o f novels.9 They are:

  1. Adventure Novel Adventure novel tells about an existing or dangerous journey and talks about experience and full with many events. The most dominant role is a man, because the content o f this story involves man’s problem. If the woman is mentioned in this novel, may be just a little o f it.

  2. Detective Novel Detective novel is story full o f mysteries and secrets. This novel tells about the crime and the criminals that relevant with people. The Author always t-ies to create the good technique by reading suspense, questions to hinder the follow up o f the story, in order that the readers are more interested in the story o f the novel.

  9 Mochtar Lubis. 1960. Tehnik Mengarang. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. P. 9

  16

3. Sociological Novel

  Sociological novel emphasizes the influence o f social and economic condition on characters and events.

  l

  4. Political Novel

  The problems are not reflecting from people’s point o f view in the society, the reaction of each group to the problem that arise and the characters just used as proponent o f the plot.

  5. Psychological Novel

  This novel emphasizes the description of the psychological development of characters. In psychological novel which becomes author’s attention are the psychological changes o f characters.

  6. Collective Novel

  It is collection several o f novel, here, collective novel focused on the anthropology and sociology. It is emphasizes on society as totality.

  Since the writer analyzes about detective novel, she will more emphasize about it. Detective novel is complicated novel, because the author must explain more detail the content of the novel, like in this novel, the author writes the procedures of investigation like in procedures of investigation in the police department, and uses various images to reveal his ideas.

  17 Usually character in detective novel is fla t character, which the

  character is not charged and tend to static. The author uses omniscient point

  o f view, because he as a narrator who knows everything and the plot in

  detective novel is usually linear plot, which the author tends to think progressive to reveal the mystery.

F. The Elements of Novel As a structure of its own, novel also consists of so many elements..

  The Elements supporting the novel are in the following :

1. Plot

  Plot is the logical interaction of the various thematic elements of a text which lead to a change o f the original situation as presented at the outset of the narrative.10 According to James L Potter plot is organized sequence o f events and actions that will tell what is happening in the story. It means that what happen in narrative, but more complete. It’s function is more or less like a map used in journey.11

  The organization of the plot usually begins with the moving o f the story from beginning through a series o f events to a climax or turning

  point and then a logical end. The inciting force will lead the readers up

  to a climax and then falls off to reveal what happens in the end. In a

  closed plot the author resolves or concludes the story for the readers but

10 Mario Klarer. 1999. An Introduction to Literary Studies. London and New York: Routledgc. P.12 " James L. Potter. 1967. Elements of Literature. United State: The Odysses Press, Inc. P.25

  18

  in poem s plot, the story frequently ends at the climax and the readers must think the resolution or outcome o f the story by themselves. The plot o f a good story must have beginning, middle, and ending. It usually showed by the pattern below according to Loban in

  • • •

  19 Aminuddin:

  4. Climax

  In the exposition, the author introduces the story’s characters, setting and situation to the readers. The narrative hook is the point at which the author catches our attention. It is the beginning o f the rising action o f plot. The readers become aware o f the character’s problems.

  The rising action adds complications to the problems and increase our interest in the story.

  The rising action leads up to the climax. The climax is the point o f our highest interest and greatest emotional involvement in the story. It is the point in the story when the readers know for the certain how the problems are going to be resolved. The fa llin g action reveals the outcome o f the climax, and resolution brings the story to satisfying and logical conclusion. 1

  2 12 William Kenney, op. cit.

  1

  3

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2. Character and Characterization

  Characters are the person presented in the dramatic or narrative work, and the process by which an author creates a character is called

  Characterization .'4 Character in fiction can be distinguished into

  “round character” and “ flat character”. Round character is character which is complex in temperament and motivation and it is represented with subtle particularity and capable of surprising the reader. Flat character usually a minor one in a novel is constricted around a single idea or quality. His personality can often be expressed in a single sentence.

  Different from round character, the flat character is seldom represented by the author and the characteristic o f this character is stated in one sentence.

  Characters are people in narratives and characterization is the

  author’s presentation of character. Klarer states that, character must be appear to be acting in their action must result from special reason which must be revealed or, at least implied in the story.1

  4

  15 Thus, the feature o f the characters are dearly stated and the readers immediately can estimate the character’s characterization about they do and say from their environment and from what comments upon the characters explaining their motives, appearance and thought.

14 Mary Rohrburger, Samuel H Woods, and Bernard Dukare. 1968. An Introduction To

  Literature. N ew York: Random House. P.23 15 Mario Klarer.

  Op.Cit.

   19

  20

3. Setting

  Setting is used to enrich the meaning o f the story. It also refers to the time and place, where and when the action occurs, it also refers to the condition or environment.'6 The setting often creates an atmosphere or mood that colors the entire story, an atmosphere may be exotic or honey, colorful or black, forbidding or comforting, intimate or grand placid or exciting and so on.

  In many stories the setting simply provides a background for the plot and characters. However, in some stories the choice o f setting can actually influence the plot and characters. For instance, a story takes place in New York is likely to be about event and people quite different from those we meet in story set an ancient battle field. In other hand many story include more than one setting. A change o f setting usually signals an important development in the story, and often helps to bring about other changes. Such as the action and characters.

  A character perception o f the setting can also change as the characters acquire more information about it. A place that seems friendly, for instance, can turn out to be dangerous or place that had seemed alien can turn out to be or to be familiar. 1

  6

  21

4. Point of View

  Point o f view is the relationship between the narrator, or storyteller, and the story or angle o f narration who is supposed to be telling the story.17 James divides into three parts:

  1. The first person, the narrator uses “I” and the other first person pronoun. The important thing about first person narrator is that he or she cannot directly know what is going on in anyone.

  2. The third persons, the narrator focuses on a particular character and tells about events as they relate this character. The narrator will report the actions and word o f all character but will reveal the thought and feeling o f only the focal character.

  3. In the omniscient, the narrator knows about everything that is happening and knows what all character’s think and feel.

5. Subject Matter

  Subject matter o f the novel is the novel that over all impact to the reader. We know a novel not only understanding its idea, but also becoming acquainted with its speaker, hearing its sound, responding to this images sensing its emotion, and appreciating this. Understanding how the various part o f the novel work does not reduce the novel, to a group o f ideas, and our images. Subject matter in a novel can form as phrase. It is the conclusion o f the reader. *

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  " James L. Potter. Op.CiS. 2*-

  2 2 In conclusion, subject matter is general topic deals with story.

  Subject matter is stated only few words, for example: suffering, love, war, adventure, and sacrifying. But in this novel The Summons which is written by John Grisham, the subject matters are mysteries and criminal.

CHAPTER III THE ANALYSIS OF “TH E SU M M O N S” In this chapter, the writer will discuss about the summary o f the novel and the internal analysis o f the novel. A. A Summary of the Novel The story tells about the main character’s procedures o f investigation

  to disclose the mystery o f mysterious money which was found by Ray Atlee. By finding it, Ray must travel from town to town and meet much foreign people.

  Ray Atlee was lav/ professor in University o f Virginia. Fourth-three years old, newly single, and still enduring the aftershock o f a surprise divorce. His father, Reuben V. Atlee, old man, a sick, and lonely in Maple Run, his house in Clanton Mississippi. He was called as Judge Atlee.

  Forrest, Ray’s young brother, who redefined the notion o f a family’s black sheep.

  The Summons arrived four days before. A summons for Ray and his young brother, Forrest. It contained that Ray and Forrest were expected to attend in Judge Atlee’s office, on Sunday, May 7, at 05.00 A.M. to discuss the administration o f Judge Atlee’s estate. Ray read once more the summons and decided to attend the meeting. Ray left Charlottesville on Saturday after finished his business.

  24 It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7, 2000. Time for

  the family meeting. Ray came to his father’s office and saw The Judge was sleeping on the chair. He waited for the moment, after so long, he back to The Judge’s office. But his father did not wake, Ray got close, found the morphine pack and checked the Judge. Obviously, Judge Atlee was dead, Ray was shocked and confused, what he was doing. But Ray would wait his young brother to take care The Judge. Then, Ray checked the round of office and found The Last Will o f his father. When he opened the cupboard, Ray saw very much Blake and Son boxes. It contained with cash-one- hundred-dollar bills. Twenty-seven boxes in total, it was about three billion dollars cash money. Ray was surprised with it.

  Ray moved the money to the broom closet, after it, he moved the money to his car. It was almost 6 P.M. The shock o f a dead father was enough for one day. The shock o f the money had left him shaking. Suddenly Forrest arrived, Ray told to his young brother that his father was dead when he came. Forrest was surprised. Ray told that he found the last will of The

  Judge, stated Ray as his ecsecutor for his asset. The funeral of The Judge was regulated by Harry Rex, began from the last respectation until graveyard. This funeral was the great funeral in Clanton. After it, Ray said to Harry Rex, the last will o f The Judge was Ray as his ecsecutor, Harry

  Rex as his lawyer.

  Forrest wanted to leave Clanton as soon as possible, and back to Memphis. Ray back to Charlottesville. Harry Rex asked him to be to back

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  two weeks later to discuss the last will o f The Judge. On the middle of his trip, Ray accounted the money, and moved it in to rubbish plastic pocket.

  Ray asked to himself, where The Judge got the money, because he was only a judge. To prove whether the money was real or not, marked or not. Ray used the money in a club in Clanton, Santa Fe Club. The dealer stated the money was real, and he visited to Tunica Casino, and it also was stated the money was real. But if the money was marked, Ray was left the trace. Now

  Ray was sured that the money was real. Ray promised to reveal the mystery of the money.

  After arrived in Charlottesville, Ray carried the money to his apartment and hidden it in a Chaney’s S e lf Storage bay. Ray rented 14B,

  37F, and 18R, Ray would not check it everyday. After a week from his travel, Ray went back to university and began his daily activities, teaching, jogging, running, and flying if the weather was bright.

  The threat arrived with the other letters. The threat stated that Ray had to transfer the money to IRS (International Revenue Service). Ray was shocked and surprised. To forget the threat, Ray died with little Cessna. He wanted to rent or buy the Bonanza. Ray thought where’s the money come from, Ray called up Harry Rex to ask the other activity o f The judge excepted to be a judge. Judge Atlee sometimes gambled twice a week.

  Eventually Ray got one trace. To prove the truth, he went to Atlantic City which had very much casinos. After from Santa Fe and Tunica Club, Ray has certain that the money was real. In Atlantic City, he wanted to know

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  what the money was assigned for. In every casino Ray would be left the trace. His only goal that day was to drop the money in the casino along the boardwalk and make certain it was not counterfeit, not marked, not traceable in any way. The first casino was Rio. After Rio he went to Princces, and the other goal was Forum. From Forum Ray went to Canyon Casino the newest casino in boardwalk. In the casinos the money was stated real.

  A week passed, a week without FBI or Treasury agents looked for him. He sured that the money was for real and no marked. Ray traveled to Washington. His goal was The Treasury D epartm ent on Pennsylvania

  Avenue, to know whether the money was marked. Ray was welcomed by Mr. Oliver Talbert, In his office BEP, Bereau o f Engraving and Printing.

  After apprehending the explanation, Ray continued to Atlantic City.