AN ANALYSIS OF JOHN NASH AS SCHIZOPHRENIC MAN ON SYLVIA NASARSÂ’ NOVEL A BEAUTIFUL MIND

AN ANALYSIS OF JOHN NASH AS SCHIZOPHRENIC MAN

ON SYLVIA NASARS’ NOVEL

A BEAUTIFUL MIND

THESIS

By:

VIONA KARTIKAWATI

201210100311050

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

AN ANALYSIS OF JOHN NASH AS SCHIZOPHRENIC MAN

ON SYLVIA NASARS’ NOVEL

A BEAUTIFUL MIND

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Language Education.

By:

VIONA KARTIKAWATI

201210100311050

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“

I walk slowly, but never walk backward

”

-Abraham

Lincoln-The researcher dedicated this thesis to:

Her Beloved Parents

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, Praise and great gratitude to Almighty God submitted by the author to Allah SWT for blessings and help to complete this thesis. Next, blessing be on Muhammad SAW who brings us out of the darkness.

My grateful thanks are also expressed to my beloved mother, Mrs. Ratih Unikawati, who always supporting me to finish this thesis, and for always pray the best for me, and also my beloved dad, Mr. Nuryadi (Alm), who has always been my spirit to finish this thesis.

Honorable mention goes to Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M and Nina Inayati, M. Ed as her advisors for their valuable guidance and advice.

Thanks so my greatest as well as special friend, Agum Eka Paksi, who always accompany and gather with me in any conditions. For all my family, especially my cousin, Safira, who always give me a passion while doing this thesis. Also to all my friends, Dina, Vefti, Imas, Indira, Nesa, Karisma, Safrida, Rividha, Monica, Adi, Odi, Apri, Istia, Fathon, Mahsa, Uni, Dimas, Mutiah, Zay, Yudi, Tedy, thanks for the support and always be with me, they are all really mean in my life.

The Researcher,

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v

LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statements of Problem ... 3

1.3 Purposes of Study ... 3

1.4 Significances of Study ... 3

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 4

1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature ... 6

2.2 Novel ... 7

2.3 Elements of Novel ... 9

2.3.1 Character... 9

2.3.2 Characterization ... 10

2.3.3 Plot ... 10

2.3.4 Setting ... 12

x

2.3.6 Theme ... 13

2.3.7 Conflict ... 14

2.4 Shcizophrenia ... 15

2.4.1 Delusions ... 15

a. Delusion of Grandeur ... 16

b. Delusion of Guilt ... 16

c. Somatic Delusion ... 16

d. Persecutory Delusion ... 16

e. Delusion of Reference ... 16

f. Delusion of Thought Control ... 17

2.4.2 Hallucinations ... 17

a. Tactile Hallucination ... 17

b. Olfactory Hallucination ... 17

c. Gustatory Hallucination ... 17

2.4.3 Disorganized Speech ... 18

2.4.4 Disorganized Behavior ... 18

2.4.5 Negative Symptoms ... 18

a. Anhedonia ... 19

b. Avolition ... 19

c. Alogia ... 19

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 20

3.2 Approach ... 21

xi

3.2.2 Pragmatic Approach ... 21

3.2.3 Expressive Approach ... 22

3.2.4 Objective Approach ... 22

3.3 Object of the Study ... 23

3.4 Data Collection ... 23

3.5 Data Analysis ... 24

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings ... 25

4.1.1 Indicators of Schizophrenia ... 25

4.1.1.1 His delusion about being recruited by aliens and the left foot of God... 25

4.1.1.2 His hallucination about the man in red neckties around the MIT campus ... 27

4.1.1.3 His disorganized bad behavior ... 28

4.1.2 Actions of Schizophrenia ... 28

4.1.2.1 His action as being recruited by “Aliens” and the left of God ... 29

a. Shifting station to station on radio ... 29

b. Organizing a defense against “an invasion of aliens” .. 29

c. Asking about the secret number ... 30

4.1.2.2 His action about the man in red neckties around the MIT campus ... 30

a. Speaking loudly and acting like a spoiled little boy ... 30

xii

a. Transforming his appearance and manner... 31 4.2 Discussion ... 31 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 35 5.2 Suggestion ... 36 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M.H. (1999). A Glosary of Literary Terms. USA: Earl McPeek.

Abrams, M.H. (2009). A Glosary of Literary Terms Eleventh Edition. USA: Cengage Learning

Arp, R. Thomas and Johnson, Greg. (2006). Literature: Structure, Sound and

Sense. USA: Thomson Coorporation and Wadsworth.

Ary, Donald. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education Sixth Edition.

Stanford: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, Inc.

Ary, Donald. (2012). Introduction to Research in Education. Canada: Cancage Learning

Barham, Peter. (1993). Schizophrenia and Human Value: Chronic Schizophrenia, Science and Society. London: Free Association Books.

Bennet, Andrew and Nicholas Royle. (2004). Introduction of Literature, Critism, and Theory, Third Edition. UK: Pearson Education Limited.

Blackwell, Wiley. (2015). A Companion to the English Novel. USA: John Wiley & Sons.

Cancro, Robert, M.D. Research in The Schizophrenic Disorders. US: Spectrum Publication, Inc.

Handayani, Eka. (2006). An Analysis on The Characteristics of The Main Characters of The Novel “A Beautiful Mind” by Sylvia Nasar. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Iwukchukwu, Onyeka, Yesufu, A.R. (2012). Introduction to Prose Fiction. Nigeria: National Open University of Nigeria.

Kennedy, X.J. (1999). Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama: Compact Edition. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.

Kennedy, X.J. (2007). Literature, Reading Fiction, Poetry and Drama. New York: Mac Graw Hill Companies, Inc

Klarer, Mario. (2004). An Introduction to Literary Studies: Second Edition.

London and New York: Routledge

Koesnosoebroto, Soenaryo Basuki. (1988). The Anatomy of Prose Fiction.

Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan. Nasar, Sylvia. (2001). A Beautiful Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Nawang, Adnan. (2007). Za’ba and Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: University of Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Sarma, Anjali. (1990). Among the Luminaries in Assam: A Study of Assamese Biography. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.

Semiun, Yustinus. (2006). Kesehatan Mental 2. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Sudjiman, Panuti. (1998). Memahami Cerita Rekaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya

Veague, H.B. (2007). Psychal Disorder: Schizophrenia. USA: Chelsea House Publishers.

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of study, statement of the problems, purposes of study, significance of the study, scope and limitation and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

Novel is familiar to people who love to read. Many of the stories are inspiring, light reading, fun and informative. Novel can impress the readers to get knowledge about social values. According to Kennedy (1999: 213), “a book – length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense while reading, we

experience actual life”. So, novel can make the reader feel the presence of the author who made real people living from a real environmental problem. From novel, we can get the new knowledge, experience, and new case that we do not know yet but it might happen in our daily life. Furthermore, we can be inspired by the author about how to solve the cases and help us to understand how people live, whether in the past or present days.

In this study, Sylvia Nasar’s novel “A Beautiful Mind” is chosen to be analyzed because it is an interesting novel which shows how John Nash, the brilliant Princeton University mathematician whose life as a schizophrenic man was shaken because of his illness. Sylvia Nasar, the author of the novel “A

2

Beautiful Mind” is an economist and journalist. The novel was widely praised. In

1998 it was first published, this novel won National Book Critics Circle Award for biography. This novel was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for biography. As

the list of New York Times’ bestseller list for biography, this novel was

shortlisted for the Rhone-Poulenc Prize in 1999. One of interesting thing in “A

Beautiful Mind” is that we can understand how the schizophrenia was able to crush the John Nash’s life.

One of the interesting thing in “A Beautiful Mind” novel is schizophrenia. According to Semiun (2006: 396), “Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which

an individual develops a personality that is very different and separated”.

Schizophrenia can cause hallucinations, delusions, and deviated way of thinking and behavior. This condition makes the sufferers gradually lose the ability to socialize with other people to take care for themselves. This is will be interesting discussion because this illness will cause hallucination between real life and virtual life. The researcher is interested in Schizophrenia because it functions to give some information about indicators and actions of his mental illness. In addition, it is possible to express how John Nash was shaken by Schizophrenia in his life.

Based on the description above, it is interesting to analyze this novel because schizophrenia suffered by John Nash as a Schizophrenic man in his life allows us to see how John Nash being torn apart by the almighty imaginary storm.

3

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. What are the indicators of schizophrenia faced by John Nash as found on

Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind?

2. How does John Nash act schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind?

1.3 Purpose of Study

1. To find the indicators of schizophrenia faced by John Nash as a schizophrenic man are as found on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind.

2. To describe the John Nash act schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is expected to give contribution to students, lecturers of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, and for future researcher. To students, this study will be used as references to enrich the students in literary study. To lecturers, this study could be used for developing literature and additional knowledge for English Department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang and useful for the selection of reading comprehension material. This study is expected to develop and give description about schizophrenia suffered by John Nash found in the novel A Beautiful Mind. To the

4

next researcher, the writer hopes that the result of this study can be used as reference for readers who want to share their knowledge about schizophrenia.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is John Nash schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ novel A Beautiful Mind. This study limits in focusing the indicators and actions of schizophrenia.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

The purpose of definition of key terms defines the important terms and to avoid misunderstanding on the concept that is used in this study. The researcher would like to present the definition of the key terms as follows:

1. Schizophrenia : “Mental disorder in which an individual develops a personality that is very different and separated”, (Semiun, 2006: 369). Schizophrenia can cause hallucination, delusions, and deviations way of thinking and behavior.

2. John Nash : The main character of this Novel. John Nash (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015) was brilliant Princeton University mathematician whose life story was the subject of the novel "A Beautiful Mind”.

5

create the sense while read, we experience actual

life”, (Kennedy (1999: 213).

4. A Beautiful Mind : The tittle of the novel that would be analyzed on this study. This novel tells about one of the greatest

mathematical genius of the 20th century, studied and taught at Princeton University, and suffered from the mental disease of schizophrenia for most of his adult life. This novel is published by Simon and Schuster in 1998.

5. Action : “The characterization of action thus requires of us that we grapple with interconnections between the

intentional”, (Barham, 1993). This action is used to identify what someone else is doing towards placing a particular episode in schizophrenia lives to the individuals concerned in which they act and suffer.

Kennedy, X.J. (2007). Literature, Reading Fiction, Poetry and Drama. New York: Mac Graw Hill Companies, Inc

Klarer, Mario. (2004). An Introduction to Literary Studies: Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge

Koesnosoebroto, Soenaryo Basuki. (1988). The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan. Nasar, Sylvia. (2001). A Beautiful Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Nawang, Adnan. (2007). Za’ba and Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: University of Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Sarma, Anjali. (1990). Among the Luminaries in Assam: A Study of Assamese Biography. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.

Semiun, Yustinus. (2006). Kesehatan Mental 2. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Sudjiman, Panuti. (1998). Memahami Cerita Rekaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya

Veague, H.B. (2007). Psychal Disorder: Schizophrenia. USA: Chelsea House Publishers.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of study, statement of the problems, purposes of study, significance of the study, scope and limitation and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

Novel is familiar to people who love to read. Many of the stories are inspiring, light reading, fun and informative. Novel can impress the readers to get knowledge about social values. According to Kennedy (1999: 213), “a book – length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense while reading, we

experience actual life”. So, novel can make the reader feel the presence of the

author who made real people living from a real environmental problem. From novel, we can get the new knowledge, experience, and new case that we do not know yet but it might happen in our daily life. Furthermore, we can be inspired by the author about how to solve the cases and help us to understand how people live, whether in the past or present days.

In this study, Sylvia Nasar’s novel “A Beautiful Mind” is chosen to be analyzed because it is an interesting novel which shows how John Nash, the brilliant Princeton University mathematician whose life as a schizophrenic man was shaken because of his illness. Sylvia Nasar, the author of the novel “A

Beautiful Mind” is an economist and journalist. The novel was widely praised. In 1998 it was first published, this novel won National Book Critics Circle Award for biography. This novel was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for biography. As the list of New York Times’ bestseller list for biography, this novel was shortlisted for the Rhone-Poulenc Prize in 1999. One of interesting thing in “A

Beautiful Mind” is that we can understand how the schizophrenia was able to

crush the John Nash’s life.

One of the interesting thing in “A Beautiful Mind” novel is schizophrenia. According to Semiun (2006: 396), “Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which an individual develops a personality that is very different and separated”. Schizophrenia can cause hallucinations, delusions, and deviated way of thinking and behavior. This condition makes the sufferers gradually lose the ability to socialize with other people to take care for themselves. This is will be interesting discussion because this illness will cause hallucination between real life and virtual life. The researcher is interested in Schizophrenia because it functions to give some information about indicators and actions of his mental illness. In addition, it is possible to express how John Nash was shaken by Schizophrenia in his life.

Based on the description above, it is interesting to analyze this novel because schizophrenia suffered by John Nash as a Schizophrenic man in his life allows us to see how John Nash being torn apart by the almighty imaginary storm.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. What are the indicators of schizophrenia faced by John Nash as found on

Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind?

2. How does John Nash act schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind?

1.3 Purpose of Study

1. To find the indicators of schizophrenia faced by John Nash as a schizophrenic man are as found on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind.

2. To describe the John Nash act schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ Novel A Beautiful Mind.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is expected to give contribution to students, lecturers of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, and for future researcher. To students, this study will be used as references to enrich the students in literary study. To lecturers, this study could be used for developing literature and additional knowledge for English Department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang and useful for the selection of reading comprehension material. This study is expected to develop and give description about schizophrenia suffered by John Nash found in the novel A Beautiful Mind. To the

next researcher, the writer hopes that the result of this study can be used as reference for readers who want to share their knowledge about schizophrenia.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is John Nash schizophrenia on Sylvia Nasars’ novel A Beautiful Mind. This study limits in focusing the indicators and actions of schizophrenia.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

The purpose of definition of key terms defines the important terms and to avoid misunderstanding on the concept that is used in this study. The researcher would like to present the definition of the key terms as follows:

1. Schizophrenia : “Mental disorder in which an individual develops a personality that is very different and separated”, (Semiun, 2006: 369). Schizophrenia can cause hallucination, delusions, and deviations way of thinking and behavior.

2. John Nash : The main character of this Novel. John Nash (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015) was brilliant Princeton University mathematician whose life story was the subject of the novel "A Beautiful Mind”.

create the sense while read, we experience actual

life”, (Kennedy (1999: 213).

4. A Beautiful Mind : The tittle of the novel that would be analyzed on this study. This novel tells about one of the greatest

mathematical genius of the 20th century, studied and taught at Princeton University, and suffered from the mental disease of schizophrenia for most of his adult life. This novel is published by Simon and Schuster in 1998.

5. Action : “The characterization of action thus requires of us that we grapple with interconnections between the

intentional”, (Barham, 1993). This action is used to

identify what someone else is doing towards placing a particular episode in schizophrenia lives to the individuals concerned in which they act and suffer.