SOME METAPHORS IN “CROSSING THE BAR” BY ALFRED LORD TENNYSON SKRIPSI
SOME METAPHORS IN “CROSSING THE BAR”
BY ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
SKRIPSI
BY
MILLATUL ISMI
NIM: 20111111102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY AT SURABAYA
JUNE 2015
SOME METAPHORS IN “CROSSING THE BAR”
BY ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
Memperoleh GELAR SARJANA PENDIDIKAN
MILLATUL ISMI
NIM: 20111111102
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY AT SURABAYA
JUNE 2015
PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : MILLATUL ISMI NIM : 20111111102 Program Sudi : Bahasa Inggris Fakultas : FKIP
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa skripsi yang saya tulis ini benar
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Apabila kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa skripsi ini hasil jiplakan, saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.
th
Surabaya, 25 of June 2015 Yang membuat pernyataan,
MILLATUL ISMI
APPROVAL PAGE
Skripsi by Millatul Ismi had approved by boards of examiners as skripsi for the
th
Sarjana Pendidikan Examination on June 25 , 2015.Boards of Examiners Signature Date 1.
Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd ……………………. ………………..
2.
…………………… ……………….. Drs. Achmad Fathoni, S.pd., M.Pd
Chairman of English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya Linda Mayasari, S. Pd., M. Pd.
RATIFICATION
Accepted by the Boards of Examiners of partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, on June 25
th , 2015.
The Dean of English Department Teaching Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, Dr. M. Ridlwan, M. Pd. No Boards of Examiners Signature Date I. Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd .......................... ..........................
II. Dra. Mas’ulah, MA .......................... ..........................
III Ari Setyorini, SS., MA.
……………… ………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In this opportunity, firstly, thanks to Allah SWT who has been giving me some mercy and blessing for completing this research by the title “Some Metaphors in “Crossing the Bar” by Alfred Lord Tennyson”. Secondly, may Sholawat and Salam be upon to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness of Islam.
I want to regard and thank for people who has given guidance and helped.
1. Dr. M. Ridwan, M.Pd. as my dean of English Department Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya.
2. Mrs. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the head of English study program of University Muhammadiyah of Surabaya.
3. Dr. Ahmad Idris Asmaradhani, M.Pd as first advisor and Drs. Achmad Fathoni, S.Pd, M.Pd as second advisor who has given me patiently to finish my research.
4. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University at Surabaya who has been kwoledge.
5. My beloved parents who always pray and support me.
6. All my friends who give me some suggestions to finish this thesis.
Finally, I hope this thesis will be valuable, I realize this thesis is not perfect. Therefore, I need critics and suggestion to make this thesis more reliable and valid.
Surabaya, 10 June 2015
Millatul Ismi NIM: 20111111102
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................. ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ........................................................ 1
1.2 Question of the Research ............................................................. 3
1.3 Objectives of the Research .......................................................... 3
1.4 Significances of the Research ...................................................... 4
1.5 Scope of the Research.................................................................. 4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms.............................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Related Theory ...........................................................
7 2.1.1 Literature ..................................................................................
7 2.1.2 Poetry ........................................................................................
8 2.1.3 Metaphor ...................................................................................
10 2.1.3.1 Types of Metaphor.................................................................
13 2.1.3.1.1 Dead Metaphor ...................................................................
14 2.1.3.1.2 Primary Metaphor ...............................................................
15 2.1.3.1.3 Conventional Metaphor ......................................................
15 2.1.3.1.4 Extended Metaphor.............................................................
16 2.1.3.1.5 Root Metaphor ....................................................................
16
2.1.3.1.7 Submerged Metaphor .........................................................
4.2.1 The Types Metaphors are used in “Crossing the Bar” Poetry .. 26 4.2.1.1 Dead Metaphor ......................................................................
40 4.2.1.10 Mixed Metaphor ..................................................................
39 4.2.1.9 Conventional Metaphor .........................................................
37 4.2.1.8 Submerged Metaphor ............................................................
36 4.2.1.7 Therapeutic Metaphor............................................................
34 4.2.1.6 Absolute Metaphor ................................................................
33 4.2.1.5 Root Metaphor .......................................................................
32 4.2.1.4 Visual Metaphor ....................................................................
28 4.2.1.3 Primary Metaphor ..................................................................
27 4.2.1.2 Extended Metaphor................................................................
26
17 2.1.3.1.8 Mixed Metaphor .................................................................
25 4.2 Data Discussion ...........................................................................
24 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis ...................................................
23 3.4. The Data Analysis ......................................................................
23 3.3 The Selection of the Data ............................................................
22 3.2 The Source of the Data ................................................................
20 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Nature of the Research ................................................................
19 2.1.4 “Crossing the Bar” .................................................................... 19 2.2 Review of Previous Study ...........................................................
18 2.1.3.1.10 Absolute Metaphor ...........................................................
17 2.1.3.1.9 Therapeutic Metaphor.........................................................
42
4.2.2 The Contribution Metaphors to the Message in “Crossing the Bar” ........................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................
50 APPENDIX.......................................................................................
51 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................
52