SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF ANGER IN THE FILM ENTITLED SOMETHING THE LORD MADE (Pragmatics Approach)

IN THE FILM ENTITLED SOMETHING THE LORD MADE

(Pragmatics Approach)

THESIS

Submitted As a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement For the Sarjana Sastra Degree of the English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University

By: NUNUNG PERMATA ISTIQOMAH C1307019 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2013

But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not. (QS 02:261)

If the going is real easy, beware, you may behead down hill (anonymous)

This thesis is dedicated to:

1. Allaah SWT

2. My ‘number one’ husband in the world Mas Ingsinyur Sigit Rais Raharjo and my Afifah Rais Kanataqiyya

3. My lovely grandmothers

4. All people who want me to finish this research.

Alhamdulillahirabbil'alamin … All praise is due to Allah Azza Wa Jalla who guides every step on my life that finally I can accomplish this thesis. Peace and blessings upon His messenger, the Prophet Muhammad Shalallahu ’Alaihi Wassalam.

I realize that without supports from people surround me, I might not

able to accomplish this thesis. Therefore, I would like to extend a special thank to those who have given valuable contribution.

1. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, for approving this thesis.

2. Drs. S. Budi Waskito, M.Pd, as the Head of English Non-Regular Program, for for the big concern on his students.

3. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D as my thesis consultant, for advices and precious contributions to me from the beginning of the process of thesis writing until the completion.

4. Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M.Tourism, as my academic consultant, who has helped me during my academic years.

5. All of the lecturers of English Non-Regular Program who have taught and provided me with valuable knowledge. Thank you very much for the amazing experience you shared with us.

6. My beloved family for always believing on me and supporting every decision. Especially for my grandmother and grandfather, mom and dad, my family in law (bu’e, maslik, mbahuti, Iwi), sister Mimi, Ayin and Iyang. Without their

8. My “PMH” and “lascar TPA” thanks for togetherness, happiness, and sadness with you all in such a great family. Be istiqomah in dakwah.

9. My family of English Non-Regular Program; De’ Ayuukk Nurwati (for her generous time every time I need her), Alita darli, Fuyuu Dhian Dhilandy S.S, (for the great friendship, love and support) Yume S.S, Arini Chan S.S, Budosen Shoeshy_Nandi S.S, Indra, Ksatria Bisu “Dhika” (missing our sms_short stories), ten angels (Mega and friends), class B (Hana and friends) and many more. I hope we will maintain this friendship forever.

10. Everyone who loves and supports me in finishing the thesis.

I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, I look forward

to any supporting criticisms and suggestions. I hope that this thesis will be useful for everyone who reads it.

Surakarta, March 6, 2013

Nunung Permata Istiqomah

A. Type of Research…………………………………………......

23

B. Data and Source Data………………………………………...

24

C. Technique of Collecting Data………………………………..

25

D. Technique of Analyzing Data………………………………..

25

E. Technique of Coding Data.......................................................

26

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. Introduction……………………………………………….... ..

27

B. Data Analysis……………………………………………........

28

C. Discussion………………………………………………….....

62

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion……………………………………………………

70

B. Suggestion…………………………………………….......... ..

72 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1. The type of speech act and the number of data …............................... 62 Table 4.2. The type of speech act and form of act……….................................... 63 Table 4.3. The reason why the charac ters deliver the anger………..................... 66

ABSTRACT

Nunung Permata Istiqomah. C1307019. Speech Act Analysis of Anger in the

Film Entitled Something the Lord Made. Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.

The research is conducted to analyze the speech act of anger employed by the characters in the film entitled Something the Lord Made. The research explores the speech act to extend anger and the reason why the characters express the anger.

The research uses pragmatics study to analyze the types of speech act to deliver anger. The descriptive qualitative research is employed in this research. All of anger utterances in the film Something the Lord Made are taken as the data. There are 13 data which have been analyzed by using Searle ’s theory of speech act.

The findings of the analysis can be seen as follows: First, there are five types of speech act employed by the characters in the film Something the Lord Made to extend the anger. The types of speech act are directives, representatives, declarations, commisives and expressive. Directive is mostly used by the participants in the film. There are eleven scenes which show that the speakers employ directive by conveying questions, commands and requests to extend anger to hearers. Speakers use representative in four data by giving explanations and claims to send anger. Speakers use declarations in four data by employing declaration to send anger. The speakers use commisive in two scenes by giving promise and threat. The last is expressive, the speaker uses this type once by swearing.

Second, there are four reasons which influence the speakers to extend the anger to hearers. They are legitimate power, close relationship, social distance relationship and expert power. The speakers who have legitimate power tend to use directive in delivering anger to the hearer. The choice of representative is influenced by the social distance relationship in expressing the anger. While the use of declaration is influenced by close relationship among the participants.

This research is expected to be beneficial for the readers in studying speech act in anger expression. It is suggested that other researchers conduct other studies about anger expression from different of view.

INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background

People use language to communicate with others. Language is used to express the idea and convey all messages. In attempting to express those, people do not only produce utterances containing grammatical structures and words but also perform actions via those utterances (Yule, 1996:47). It means that people communicate each other to deliver message in verbal or non verbal language.

One of the utterances that often arouse in our daily life is anger expression. Anger can give very positive functions when expressed properly. Some facts show that anger can have beneficial effects on health, relationship and work of people. Socially, many positive changes can happen from anger, for example, Indonesian reformation in 1998 or the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Anger is important among emotions that play an outstanding role in development of personality. Anger is more frequently and easily aroused than other feelings. There are so many ways to express our anger. Usually, we express out anger feeling by speaking some utterances or an utterance in harsh intonation. Sometimes our harsh intonation is followed by non verbal language like facial expression and some attitude showing the anger.

In other words, it can be said that people have different ways to express their anger. When the speaker delivers his anger straightforward to the hearer, the hearer may lose his face. People often do many kinds of speech act due to their In other words, it can be said that people have different ways to express their anger. When the speaker delivers his anger straightforward to the hearer, the hearer may lose his face. People often do many kinds of speech act due to their

In this section, the researcher will also explain about the reason of choosing this film as source of data. The film Something the Lord Made is a film based on the true story. It tells about the life of a white surgeon (Dr. Blalock) and his lab technician (Vivien) who works together for years. In that era, the black always got discrimination in all aspects in daily life. However, their relationship as work partner leads them to achieve the greatest success in invention of cardiac surgery. This film is very touching because in its era, the brilliant black (Vivien) is almost never recognized for his invaluable assistance in that effort.

Beside the interesting story, the researcher uses this film as the source of data because this film uses the language that represents the real conversation of daily life. Even though this movie set in early 1940s, it still represents the validity of using language in this era, especially the used of anger expression.

Based on the background above, the researcher is interested to conduct a research in the form of thesis entitled Speech Act Analysis of Anger in the Film

Entitled Something the Lord Made.

Based on the research objectives above, this research intends to answer the following questions:

1. What speech acts are exploited by the characters in the film Something the

Lord Made to express the anger?

2. Why do the characters express the anger to hearer?

C. Research Objectives

The objectives of the research are:

1. To identify the speech act employed by the characters in the film entitled Something the Lord Made to express the anger.

2. To discover the reason why the characters express the anger.

D. Research Benefits

The research of speech act analysis of anger expression in the film Something the Lord Made is expected to give contributions as follows:

1. English Department students The research gives an input and understanding about how speech act is extended during anger. By conducting this research, the researcher expects that English Department students are more aware about the speech act during the anger in everyday conversation so that the research will help them to study deeply.

The research gives benefit for other researchers to conduct a deeper research of related study. This research will help other researchers in the same topic of speech act as a reference for further research.

3. Public It will give more information about how to employ kinds of speech act. By doing this research, the researcher expects that the public will have a comprehension about how a certain act is exploited by considering the context and situation during the anger.

E. Research Limitation

The research focuses on the scene containing anger expression. The research identifies the kinds of speech acts used by the characters to extend the anger expression and the factors influencing the characters to choose the kinds of speech acts. To analyze the data, Searle ’s theory of speech act of is applied in this research. This research uses a movie entitled Something the Lord Made produced by Joseph Sargent in 2004.

F. Research Method

This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. It intends to solve problems by collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and drawing the conclusion. The sources of data of this research are the conversations between characters in the movie entitled Something the Lord Made. Purposive sampling technique is applied to collect the data containing politeness strategies of This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. It intends to solve problems by collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and drawing the conclusion. The sources of data of this research are the conversations between characters in the movie entitled Something the Lord Made. Purposive sampling technique is applied to collect the data containing politeness strategies of

G. Thesis Organization

The organization of this research is based on the following arrangement: CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. It consists of Research Background, Research

Objectives, Research Question, Research benefits, Research Limitation, Research Methodology and Thesis Organization.

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW. It provides the explanation of

Pragmatics, Speech Act, Context, Expression of Anger, Film Theory, Review Related Study of Anger Expression and The Synopsis of the Something the Lord Made.

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. It consists of the Type of

Research, Data and Source of Data, Sample and technique of Sampling, Instruments of the Research, Technique of Analyzing data, Data Coding and Technique of Analyzing Data.

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. It reviews and discusses the result of the research findings.

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION. It presents the conclusion

of the research and recommends possible avenues for further research

BIBILIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

LITERATURE REVIEW

In analyzing the data, some theories are needed as basic requirements. This chapter provides some theories related to the topic which covers the definition Pragmatics, Speech act, Classification of Speech act, Expression of anger, Film theory, Synopsis of film and related study.

A. Pragmatics

In this part, the researcher provides some definitions of pragmatics taken from several linguists. Pragmatics is one of linguistic branches that is newly developed by linguists. This study is discovered after previous study of linguistics field such as phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax. It concerns with the study of utterance meaning by the speaker and interpreted by the hearer.

Levinson (1983:24) states that pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the contexts in which they would be appropriate. The definition leads to the analysis that pragmatics cannot be separated from context and principles of language usage. Therefore, to understand pragmatics meaning of the speaker, people should consider the principles of language used by the speaker.

Meanwhile, Thomas (1995:22) defines pragmatics as meaning in interaction. He states that in understanding speaker‟s meaning, it involves the negotiation of meaning between the speaker and the hearer, the context of utterance (physical, social and linguistic) and the meaning potential of an Meanwhile, Thomas (1995:22) defines pragmatics as meaning in interaction. He states that in understanding speaker‟s meaning, it involves the negotiation of meaning between the speaker and the hearer, the context of utterance (physical, social and linguistic) and the meaning potential of an

Yule (1996:3) states pragmatics as the study of contextual meanings. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in the particular context and how the context influences what is said. It also requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, when and under what circumstance.

Yule (1996:3) develops the Thomas‟s definition and divides the definition of pragmatics into four, pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning, pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning, pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than what is said and pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.

1. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning Pragmatics relates to the study of meaning uttered by the speaker and interpreted by the listener. It analyzes the meaning behind what people say rather than what the words might mean by themselves.

2. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning People always consider to whom they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances in the communication. It is because a particular context may influence what is said by the speaker.

Pragmatic discovers how a great deal of what is unsaid is recognized as part of what is communicated. Similarly, pragmatics is the study of „invisible meaning‟.

4. Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance People will not say anything to anyone whom they do not recognize well. Therefore, closeness whether it is physical, social or conceptual, implies shared experience.

From many definitions above, it can be seen that pragmatics is a significant field to study. A sentence can only be assigned the right truth conditions if the context of a sentence is taken into an account. So, it can be concluded that pragmatics is the study about language that is always related to the context of the speaker and the hearer. In short, pragmatics stresses on the relation between language and context. Thus the context has played a very important role and it also has given many contributions either in spoken or in written language.

B. Speech acts

1. The Definition of Speech acts

Speech act is a part of Pragmatics. As Levinson (1983:27) defines, one of the central topics of pragmatics is speech acts. This part will provide the definition and the classification of speech acts. For the discussion of the definition of speech acts, below is the quotation from John R. Searle and George Yule about speech acts.

the symbol, word or sentence, but rather the production or issuance of the symbol or word or sentence in the performance of the speech acts. Speech acts are the basic minimal units of linguistic communication.

Meanwhile, Yule (1996:47) defines that speech acts is action performed via utterance. In English, speech acts are commonly given more specific labels, such as apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise, request or any other acts. She states that in attempting to express something, people not only produce utterances containing grammatical structured words but also perform actions via those utterances. Those actions, which are performed via utterance, are called speech act. The action performed by producing an utterance will consist of three related acts. Yule (1996:48) states that speech acts relate to three acts. They are locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.

a. Locutionary act It is the basic of utterance or the literal meaning of the utterance. In other words, locutionary act is the utterance of a sentence which determines sense and reference.

b. Illocutionary act The act is performed via the communicative force of an utterance. The illocutionary act can be uttered both directly and indirectly.

c. Perlocutionary act

A simple utterance has a function to bring the effect from that utterance. Perlocutionary act is what a person does as the response of what we intend. It A simple utterance has a function to bring the effect from that utterance. Perlocutionary act is what a person does as the response of what we intend. It

Those acts above will be explained with the examples below: “ The music is so noisy” The locutionary act is the meaning of utterance itself. It means that the

music is so noisy. While the illocutionary act is the speaker intends to say “I want to have a silence situation ”, and the perlocutionary act is that someone might turn off the music.

2. The Classification of Speech act

There are various classifications of speech act which are conveyed by linguists. The researcher will provide the discussion of speech act classification from John L. Austin and John R. Searle.

a. Austin’s Classification

The first classification of speech act was provided by Austin (1962). He divided utterances into five categories. They are veridicatives, exercitives, commisive, behabitives and expositives.

1) Veridicatives.

It is typed by giving verdict, estimate, grade or appraisal. For example: He is a good husband.

2) Exercitives.

This kind of utterance is the exercising powers, right and influence. For example: Give me the book!

It is typed by promising or undertaking and committing one to do something. For example: I will give reward to anybody who can find my earing.

4) Behabitives. This category is related with such matters as apologizing, congratulating,

blessing, cursing, and challenging. For example: Congratulation for your graduation!

5) Expositives. This term is used to refer to how people make utterances fit into argument or exposition. For example: My sister studies in Jakarta, while my brother studies in Solo.

b. Searle’s Classification

Searle (1979) provides classification of speech act in what he calls “the basic categories of illocuti onary acts”. The categories are representatives,

directives, commisives, expressive and declarations.

1) Representatives

This is a kind of speech act that states what the speaker believes to be the case or not. The speaker‟s purpose in performing representatives is to commit him / her to the belief that the prepositional content of the utterances is true. Statements are of fact, assertions, conclusions, description, etc. For example: The earth is round

The speaker‟s purpose in performing directives is to get the hearer to commit him / her to the future course of action (verbal or non-verbal).

Usually directives are defined as all attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something or not to do something. They are commands, orders, request, prohibits, questions, suggestions, etc. For example: Close the door!

3) Commisives

The speaker commits his/herself in varying degrees to some future course action. On the other word, the speaker creates an obligation by committing

a certain future action. It is almost identical wi th Austin‟s commissives. The direction of fit is “world to words”. They are promises, threats,

refusals, pledges, etc. For example: I will buy you a present tomorrow.

4) Expressives

This type is to express a psychological state of the speaker. Thre is no direction of fit, as the intention is neither to describe the world nor to exert an influence on future events, rather the truth of the prepositional content is taken for granted. They are flattering, giving compliment, congratulating, welcoming, dislike, thanking, etc. For example: She is like an angel to me.

The point of declaration is to declare something. It has function to change the world via their utterance. The direction of fit included “words to world” and “world to words” as actual expression of the declaration that

brings about a change in reality. They are declaring, naming, marrying, etc. For Example: I name this cat Catty.

C. Context

Language and context cannot be separated. Context has the important role in understanding the meaning of an utterance. In this part, the researcher provides some explanations about the importance of context in pragmatics.

Levinson (1983:21) states that pragmatics is the study of relation between language and context. To understand the meaning of an utterance, people cannot ignore the context since it might cause different interpretation from what is expected.

In addition, Huang (2007:13) refers context to any relevant features of dynamic setting or environment in which a linguistic unit is systematically used. Furthermore, context can be seen as a composition of three different sources. The first type is physical context which refers to physical setting of utterance. The second type is the linguistic context which refers to surrounding utterances in the same discourse. The third is general knowledge context. This involves a set of background and assumption shared by the speaker and the addressee.

Hymes sets the context of speech event into some factors abbreviated as SPEAKING formula (in Fasold, 1996). The factors are the situation, the participants, the ends, the act sequence, the key the instrument, the norms and the genre.

1. Situation (S) Situation is composed of the setting and the scene. The setting constitutes physical circumstance in which speech takes place, including the time and place. Scene refers to the abstract physiological setting or the cultural definition of the occasion.

2. Participants (P) Participants are persons who are involved in a conversation. Participants consist of (a) An addresser, a speaker who produces the utterances. (b) An addressee, a hearer who receives the utterances. (c) The audiences, the over hearers may contribute to specification of the speech events.

3. Ends (E) The ends can be divided into outcomes and goals. Outcomes can be described as the purpose of speech based on the cultural point of view. Meanwhile, the goal of a speech is a purpose of each participant during communication.

4. Act Sequence (A) Act sequence comprises message form (how something is said) and message content (what is said). Message form deals with how something is said by the 4. Act Sequence (A) Act sequence comprises message form (how something is said) and message content (what is said). Message form deals with how something is said by the

5. Key (K) Key refers to tone, manner, or spirit in which speech is carried out, whether it is mock or serious, per functionary or painstaking. Key also refers to the feeling, atmosphere, and attitude. Manner, feeling, and attitude are used in reference to the participants, whereas tone and atmosphere are used in reference to the situation. The more detailed aspects of the key will be seen clearly as follows:

a. Tone: it refers to general spirit of the scene, such as brave, fierce, and tearful.

b. Manner: it refers to the participant‟s way of behaving toward, whether it is polite, impolite, formal, informal, intimate, distant, relaxed, serious, mocking, respectful, etc.

c. Feeling: it refers to emotions indicating happiness, terror, excitability, anxiety, shock, desperation, anger, neutrality, irony, uncertainty, frustration, etc.

d. Atmosphere: it refers to the feeling that affects the mind in a place or condition, for example good, evil, or solemn.

e. Attitude: it refers to participant‟s way of thinking and behaving toward a situation whether it is sympathy, optimistic, pessimistic, resolute, serious, mocking, bitter, resentful, etc.

Instrumentalities include both channel and form of speech. Channel simply means the way a message travels from one person to another. The most commonly used channels are oral and written, but message can also be transmitted by such means as telegraph, smoke signals, semaphore, and etc. Hymes defines forms of speech as the actual of speech employed such as language, dialects, codes, varieties, and registers that is chosen

7. Norms (N) Norms of communication include both interaction and interpretation. Cultural aspects of certain community determine both of them. Norms of interaction refers to an underlying something of non-linguistics rules which governs when, how, and how often speech occurs which is commonly have by all communities and varies from one culture to another. Norms of interpretation is more or less, what we mean by the expression reading between the lines. It involves trying o understand what is being conveyed beyond what is in actual words used.

8. Genre (G) Genre refers to the categories like poems, prayer, riddle, myth, tale, proverbs, lectures, commercial message, etc. In Hymes view, casual speech is not in the absence of any genre but a genre of its own.

In summary, context has many roles in spoken and written language. If people do not know the context of situation, they may interpret different thing from what is intended by the other one. Hence, context functions to help speaker In summary, context has many roles in spoken and written language. If people do not know the context of situation, they may interpret different thing from what is intended by the other one. Hence, context functions to help speaker

D. Expression of Anger

Anger is one of many reactions of human being in their life. Anger can happen if there is an interaction between two or more people. Angry feeling is human because man normally has experienced anger since he/she was a baby.

Based on the Encyclopedia of Experimental Psychology Vol.2, it is stated that :

“Anger is a feeling that most typifies for striving for power and domination. Its purpose is the rapid and forceful destruction of every obstacle in the way of the anger person ” (2004 : 533)

People usually use anger as the way to express their protest in a manner that is very painful for everyone else (ibid :534). On the other words, anger is expression of dislike with something as the result of the situation and condition which are not suitable with the speaker.

Anger can vary widely (from mild irritation to intense fury) and can be sparked by a variety of things (specific people, events, memories, or personal problems). Anger is a natural and potentially productive emotion. However, anger can get out of control and become destructive and problematic.

Rebecca (1992: 23) states that people get angry when their expectations are not met -- whether those expectations are about the future, about themselves, or about others. When our expectations are unmet, we revert to illusions of Rebecca (1992: 23) states that people get angry when their expectations are not met -- whether those expectations are about the future, about themselves, or about others. When our expectations are unmet, we revert to illusions of

Anger is an emotion related to one's psychological interpretation of having been offended, wronged or denied and a tendency to undo that by retaliation. The external expression of anger can be found in facial expressions, body language, physiological responses, and at times in public acts of aggression. Humans and animals for example make loud sounds, attempt to look physically larger, bare their teeth, and stare. The behaviors associated with anger are designed to warn aggressors to stop their threatening behavior. Rarely does a physical altercation occur without the prior expression of anger by at least one of the participants.

E. Film Theory

Film is one of the art works. Film is the illusion of reality in visual media. It shows the audience images in illusory motion, which is represented on the screen, acted by stars, has its own style, genres, and social events.

The study of the film has a close relationship with society. Allen and Gomery (1998) give a discussion in the relation films and societies. The making of the film also has a social dimension for several reasons. Film makers are members of society and as such are no less subject to social pressures and norms than anyone else. Furthermore, all film occurs within some social context.

phenomena as stated by Allen and Gomery (1998) “In fictional films, characters are given attitudes, gestures, sentiments,

motivations, and appearance that is in part at least based on social roles and on worker, debutante, mother, or husband is supposed to act”.

From the definition above, it can be concluded that whatever the kind of film, it is a reflection of social life. “Something the Lord Made” is a genre of drama film that represents an American citizen‟s life which has problematic issue in the society of American segregation era.

F. The Synopsis of the Movie Something the Lord Made

Below is the description of the source of data, a film entitled Something the Lord Made taken from www.imdb.com. Title

: Something the Lord Made

Starring

: Alan Rickman as Dr. Alfred Blalock Moss Def as Vivien Thomas Kyra Sedgwick as Mary Blalock Gabrielle Union as Clara Thomas

Writer

: Peter Silverman and Robert Caswell.

Director

: Joseph Sargent

Genre

: Drama.

Release date : May 30, 2004

tells about the true story of the extraordinary 34-year partnership which begins in Depression Era Nashville in 1930, when Blalock hires Vivien Thomas as an assistant in his Vanderbilt University laboratory to perform janitorial work. Alfred Blalock is a young smart cardiologist who has high confidence and ambitious. While Vivien Thomas, an African-American without a college degree who is a gifted mechanic and tool-maker with hands finely skilled at surgery. Knowing the Vivien‟s talent, Blalock asks him to be his lab technician. The drama starts when they move in 1941 from Vanderbilt to Johns Hopkins, an institution where the only black employees are janitors and where Thomas must enter by the back door. Together, they boldly attack the devastating heart problem of Blue Baby Syndrome, and in so doing they open the field of heart surgery. Blalock and Thomas take on the challenge of blue babies and invent bypass surgery. After many trials on dogs, their first patient is baby Eileen, sure to die without the surgery. They succeed to save the baby‟s life through first heart surgery.

The film dramatizes their race to save dying Blue Babies against the background of a Racial Segregation America, illuminating the nuanced and complex relationship the two sustain. Thomas gets Blalock's respect, with Blalock praising the results of Thomas' surgical skill as being "like something the Lord made", and insisting that Thomas coach him through the first Blue Baby surgery over the protests of Hopkins administrators. In 1941, in defiance of custom and Jim Crow, Blalock brings Thomas into the surgery to advise him, but when Life Magazine and kudos come, Thomas is excluded. This incident breaks their The film dramatizes their race to save dying Blue Babies against the background of a Racial Segregation America, illuminating the nuanced and complex relationship the two sustain. Thomas gets Blalock's respect, with Blalock praising the results of Thomas' surgical skill as being "like something the Lord made", and insisting that Thomas coach him through the first Blue Baby surgery over the protests of Hopkins administrators. In 1941, in defiance of custom and Jim Crow, Blalock brings Thomas into the surgery to advise him, but when Life Magazine and kudos come, Thomas is excluded. This incident breaks their

G. Related Study

In conducting the research, the researcher uses some related study to find out the research gap: Firstly is a research entitled “Expression of Anger Used by Characters in the Play Desire under the Elm Written by Eugene O‟neill”. This research was conducted by Veronika Sintha Saraswati (2001). In her research, she focused on the forms of verbal implicit anger expression and the reason behind of those forms. She used pragmatic approach in analyzing the data. The purposes of this research are how the form of verbal implicit anger expression used by characters in the play and why do the characters choose this forms to express the anger.

Secondly is a research entitled “An analysis on the expression of anger employed by the characters in the film entitled Crash”. The researcher is conducted by Tri Lestari (2011). The research was conducted to describe the form of expression of anger used by the characters in the film entitled CRASH, to Secondly is a research entitled “An analysis on the expression of anger employed by the characters in the film entitled Crash”. The researcher is conducted by Tri Lestari (2011). The research was conducted to describe the form of expression of anger used by the characters in the film entitled CRASH, to

In those researches, they only focused on the form of anger expression, the context of situation, and the reason why the characters used the expression. Meanwhile, this research will study about the type of speech act used by the speaker to deliver the anger which has not been researched by previous researcher as the gap of this research.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents the research method of this study. The method is used to reach the objectives of the research which are stated in chapter I. The researcher begins with the explanation about the type of this research, data and the source of data and then continued with technique of collecting data, technique of coding data, and technique of analyzing data.

A. Type of Research

The descriptive qualitative method is employed as the type of this research. Wiersma (1994:12) states that qualitative research has its origins in descriptive analysis and is essentially an inductive process, reasoning from the specific situation to a general conclusion. Hence, qualitative research cannot be separated from descriptive analysis.

Descriptive research means that the data are collected in the form of words, sentences, or pictures having meaning other than merely number (Moleong, 2001:6). Moreover, Bodgan and Taylor in (Moleong, 2001:3) state that qualitative research is a research which presents descriptive data in the form of written and oral words of human and human behavior that can be observed

For those reasons, this research belongs to descriptive qualitative research since it focuses on the explanation of speech act used by the characters in the film Something the Lord made to express the anger and the reason why characters send the anger to hearers.

Sutopo (2002:47) states that qualitative research emphasizes inductive analysis in which data are occupied as the basic modal of understanding not as instrument to prove. Hence, the data play significant part in the research. The term data refers to a collection of information. Subroto (1992:7) argues that in qualitative research, the data may appear in the form of discourse, sentence, clause, word or even morpheme. In this research, the data emerge in the form of sentences from dialogues uttered by the characters of the movie containing anger expression. All data are taken and then classified based on Searle’s theory of speech act.

More detail, Schreiber (2008) affirms that qualitative data are generally non-numerical but have a greater variety of sources. The data sources are generally categorized as verbal and nonverbal. Nonverbal data sources include items such as student concept maps, kinship diagrams, pictures, video, movie, art and print advertisements. Hence, the researcher takes the movie entitled Something the Lord made produced by Joseph Sargent in 2004 as the source of data for this research. There are two reasons why the movie is taken as the source of data:

1. The movie Something the Lord made represents daily life conversation which tells about the partnership of two persons from different social background and race. Hence, the researcher uses this movie as the source of data since its validity of using language.

different race and social status can have the great partnership. However, they often express anger one to another. So, it is interested in knowing the way the character delivers anger to other characters by using certain of speech act.

C. Technique of Collecting Data

The data of the research are collected by doing the following procedures:

1. Replaying the movie Something the Lord made as the source of data by computer for several times.

2. Searching and copying the transcript of the movie Something the Lord made from the internet on http://www.script-o-rama.com.

3. Comparing the conversation of the movie with the transcript.

4. Editing the transcript of the movie to the dialogues of the characters in the movie by adding or deleting words or sentences.

5. Copying the conversation containing the expression of anger

6. Classifying the data based on the Searle’s theory of speech act.

7. Giving codes on each datum.

D. Technique of Analyzing Data

The collected data were analyzed based on the following procedures:

1. Describing the context of situation based on the theory of context.

2. Analyzing the data.

4. Drawing conclusion from data analysis and giving suggestions.

E. Technique of Coding Data

In order to make the analysis easier, I give a code on each datum. The coding is based on the order of datum and the exact time when anger occurs on CD. The following is the example of coding:

Datum 1 CD 1/10.30 ”

William : You know what my grandfather did? Harold : It has nothing to do with me going out on strike. William :

I said ‘Do you know what my grandfather did?’

Harold : Yes. He picked cotton in Mississippi. You told me a hundred times

William : My grandfather was a piece of property. No better than that

chair or table over there. His son became a free man at the age of 15. He raised me with hardly an elementary school education. Now I see my son graduate college and go on to teach school. So don't tell me things don't get better over time.

Harold : Things don't just get better. People got to change things, Pop. Make

them better. If I don't do something, I'll be a dead man before I get paid like white teachers do.

The coding Datum 1 CD 1/10.30 ” means it is datum number 1 in

the data found in the movie. The dialogue happens on CD 1 and it occurs in the minute 10 pasts 30 seconds.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter aims to answer the research questions which are mentioned in Chapter I. This chapter is divided into two sub-chapters. They are analysis and discussion.

The first sub-chapter is data analysis where the data of the research is analyzed based on the theories presented in the literature review part of this thesis. There are three steps in analyzing the data. They are:

1. The scene containing anger expression.

In this section, the researcher presents the scene containing anger expressions. The previous or the following scene which relates to the data is also included. This is done in order to make the readers understand the scene easily.

2. The description of the context.

This part describes the context of the data where the anger expression happens. It includes the participants in the situation, the action of the participants, and any other related features of the situation which support the analysis of anger expression.

3. The analysis of anger expression.

The research questions are answered one by one in this part by following steps:

a. The researcher describes what type of speech act used by the speakers to extend their anger. The type of speech acts are analyzed using a. The researcher describes what type of speech act used by the speakers to extend their anger. The type of speech acts are analyzed using

A. Data Analysis

Datum 1 CD 1/10.30” William : You know what my grandfather did?

Harold : It has nothing to do with me going out on strike. William :

I said „Do you know what my grandfather did?‟

Harold : Yes. He picked cotton in Mississippi. You told me a hundred times

William : My grandfather was a piece of property. No better than that

chair or table over there. His son became a free man at the age of 15. He raised me with hardly an elementary school education. Now I see my son graduate college and go on to teach school. So don't tell me things don't get better over time.

Harold : Things don't just get better. People got to change things, Pop. Make

them better. If I don't do something, I'll be a dead man before I get paid like white teachers do.

The Description of Context

The participants of the conversation are William Thomas and Harold Thomas. They have close relationship, as they are father and son. William Thomas, a fifty years black African whose father is ex-slave. He lives with his family in a small house in Nashville. He thinks that his family has the better condition as he is primary school graduated, while his son, Harold, goes to college. By this, he wants his son to thank this condition by doing his role as a The participants of the conversation are William Thomas and Harold Thomas. They have close relationship, as they are father and son. William Thomas, a fifty years black African whose father is ex-slave. He lives with his family in a small house in Nashville. He thinks that his family has the better condition as he is primary school graduated, while his son, Harold, goes to college. By this, he wants his son to thank this condition by doing his role as a

The conversation above takes place in their house, rightly in the living room when William Thomas is reading a newspaper. Both participants have close relationship as father and son who stay in the same house. However, they have different roles of status. Father has superior status since he is the man who raises Harold, while Harold has subordinate status as he is the son. Automatically, Father has more legitimate power than Harold.

The film happens in 1930 when the black community is segregated. Harold is the teacher as well as activist that often goes on strike to fight for black right as teacher. He thinks that going on strike will help his community to get better condition. However, William Thomas does not have the same opinion with his son.

The Analysis of the anger expression

a. Type of speech act exploited in the scene

The anger is extended by William Thomas to his son, Harold. They are in

a long debate in the living room. Harold thinks that his act of going on strike is right. However, his father wants his son to thank their condition now that is much better than their family past. In order to make Harold understand, William repeats a long debate in the living room. Harold thinks that his act of going on strike is right. However, his father wants his son to thank their condition now that is much better than their family past. In order to make Harold understand, William repeats

father question does not give any effect to make Harold understand. William puts

down his newspaper and says, “My grandfather was a piece of property. No better than that chair or table over there. His son became a free man at the age of 15. He raised me with hardly an elementary school education. Now I see my son graduate college and go on to teach school. So don't tell me things

don't get better over time ” . He shows his anger by explaining about condition of his family in the past and present. He emphasizes his anger in his last sentence by saying command “So don't tell me things don't get better over time”. By saying so, William wants his son to understand that their family in the present is much better that the past. From the analysis, it can be concluded that William uses type of speech act Directives and representative to express the anger. Directives includes act of questioning and commanding. Representative includes act of explaining.

b. The reason why the characters express the anger

There are two factors that influence William Thomas to use those kinds of acts in his anger to Harold. First is their close relationship as father and son. As a father, William Thomas feels free to express his anger to Harold baldly that he is a There are two factors that influence William Thomas to use those kinds of acts in his anger to Harold. First is their close relationship as father and son. As a father, William Thomas feels free to express his anger to Harold baldly that he is a

Datum 2 CD 1 /13.01”

Mrs. Thomas : Gone?

But what are they talking about?

Harold

: They talking about, it's gone, Ma

William : We'll all just have to start over. Can't fight it now, it's done Vivien

: It just feels so wrong.

Took me seven years to save that money.

Harold : You're not the only one who had money in that bank. William

: It's done! It's over with!

Clara

: We still got each other, Viv.

Harold

: Yeah, we got each other.

That's all poor people ever have is each other.

The Description of Context