SCAFFOLDING TALKS IN “THE GREAT DEBATERS” MOVIE
SCAFFOLDING TALKS
IN “THE GREAT DEBATERS” MOVIE
By:
YENY PARYATI
NIM. 201132038
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
i
SCAFFOLDING TALKS
IN “THE GREAT DEBATERS” MOVIE
SKRIPSI
Presented to Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for Completing The Sarjana Program
In English Education
By:
YENY PARYATI
NIM. 201132038
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
ii
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
It’s impossible to achieve the greatest without a great enthusiasm
A champion is one who gets up even when they can’t
I dedicate this skripsi to :
My beloved Husband (Tommy Budi Hartono)
My dearest Father and Mother
My dearest Father and Mother in law
My sweetest lovely angel (Juanaya Hayu Rembonette)
My lovely brothers and sisters
My lovely friends at IPIEMS
All English Students of EED UMK
iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Yeny Paryati (NIM. 201132038) has
been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Examining
Committee.
Kudus, 15 March 2013
Advisor I
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
NIP. 19620413-198803-1-002
Advisor II
Atik Rokhayani, S. Pd., M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd.
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana skripsi of Yeny Paryati (NIM. 201132038) has
been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement of the Sarjana
Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language.
Kudus,
Skripsi Examining Committee
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
NIP. 19620413 198803 1 002
Chairman
Atik Rokhayani, S. Pd., M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Fitri Budi Suryani, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Member
Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
NIP. 19621219 198703 1 001
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. SusiloRahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah SWT,
God the Almighty for the blessing given to me in completing my final project.
Then, I would also like to express my biggest appreciation to all of my
lecturers in the English department, especially to my supervised lecturers, Drs.
Muh. Syafei, M.Pd as my first advisor and AtikRokhayani, SPd, MPd as my
second advisor for giving their continuous guidance as well as advice and
valuable suggestions in finishing this final project.
My deepest gratitude also goes to my beloved husband (Tommy Budi
Hartono) for all the warmest love and support, My dearest Father (Suparyo, Alm.)
for once pray in his deepest cry that someday his daughter would be able to reach
this level, my parents, my parents in law, all family and friends, especially to
Febifor being the best friend ever and the IPIEMS Crew: Maghfiroh, Yuni, Lisa,
Ririn, Nining, Nurul, Yesi and Alex for untiring affection, supports, and
continuous prayers.
I realize that this final project has a lot of shortcomings. Therefore,
suggestion and criticism are always needed for betterment.
At last, I hope this final project will be very useful for all readers
especially for the English teachers and the students of English Department and
also the next researchers who want to apply the result of my research.
Kudus, 7 March 2013
YenyParyati
vii
ABSTRACT
Paryati, Yeny. 2013. Scaffolding Talk in The Great Debaters Movie. Skripsi.
Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education, Muria Kudus University.Advisors: Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
(i), Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd (ii)
Keywords: Scaffolding Talks, Debate, Movie.
English has become the language of international communication in
theworld since long ago. In its development, especially in the era of globalization,
English became the official language used in various areas of life. That is why
English education is considered necessary and it also determine the quality of
human resources. Scaffolding Talks has then become important case to discuss as
it represent one of strategies in introducing and teaching English. Analyzing the
use of Scaffolding Talks is looking closely and deeply to the utilization of Types
of Scaffolding Talks and their function such as offering explanation, motivating
and stimulating students’ interest, making link, providing model, inviting
students’ participation, stimulating students’ thinking process, verifying and
clarifying the students’ responses.
This study is aimed at what and how the Scaffolding Talks are used to
train a group of students who join in a debate team by the figure of teacher in The
Great Debaters movie. In this case, to make it clearer and inspiring, I employed
also the types and the function of scaffolding talks which I found in the script of
The Great Debaters movie.
This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by
watching and reading the script of The Great Debaters movie directed by Denzel
Washington. Then, they were identified, classified and analyzed based on Hughes
particularly exemplified.
The result of this analysis shows that there are 101 talks that can be called
as Scaffolding Talks; 21 with giving instruction type, 11 with sequencing type, 14
with reference type, 21 with asking question type, 7 with supervision type, 4 with
metalanguage type, 16 with affective type, and 8 with replying question type.
Every talks that can be categorized as scaffolding talk in this study is used by the
figure of teacher to provide certain kinds of support which his students receive in
their classroom interaction as they move towards new skills, concepts and levels
of understanding about a real debating.
Due to the fact that debating requires a high proficiency level of English as
the debaters must be able to talk or deliver speech fluently and correctly either in
its content or its technique and they also have to speed up their critical thinking to
solve the motion. Teaching Debate then becomes a challenge for some teachers to
make their students able to speak fluently with good speed of course. A good film
like this one will inspire a lot of teachers especially teachers and prospective
teachers of English. An Innovative teacher should be able to reap its meaning and
try to implement in the classroom with full responsibility.
viii
ABSTRAKSI
Paryati, Yeny. 2013. Scaffolding Talk in The Great Debaters Movie. Skripsi.
Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (i). Drs.
Muh. Syafei, M.Pd. (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M. Pd.
Kata kunci: Scaffolding Talk, Tipe, Fungsi, Debat, Film.
Bahasa Inggris telah menjadi bahasa komunikasi internasional di dunia
sejak lama. Dalam perkembangannya, khususnya dalam era globalisasi, bahasa
Inggris menjadi bahasa resmi yang digunakan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan.
Itulah mengapa pendidikan bahasa Inggris dianggap perlu dan juga menentukan
kualitas sumber daya manusia. Scaffolding Talk kemudian menjadi hal penting
untuk dibahas karena merupakan salah satu strategi dalam memperkenalkan dan
mengajar bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa dan
bagaimana Scaffolding Talk digunakan untuk melatih sekelompok mahasiswa
yang bergabung dalam tim debat di film The Great Debaters. Dalam hal ini,
penulis menganalisa jenis dan fungsi Scaffolding Talk yang ditemukan dalam
naskah film The Great Debaters arahan sutradara Denzel Washington.
Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan
mengamati dan membaca naskah film The Great Debaters yang disutradarai oleh
Denzel Washington. Kemudian, data tersebut diidentifikasi, diklasifikasikan dan
dianalisis berdasarkan Klasifikasi yang dikemukakan oleh Hughes (1990).
Hasil analisis dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 101 pembicaraan yang
bisa disebut sebagai Scaffolding Talk, 21 dengan jenis memberikan instruksi, 11
dengan jenis urutan kegiatan, 14 dengan tipe referensi, 21 dengan jenis pertanyaan
dan bertanya, 7 dengan tipe supervisi, 4 dengan jenis metabahasa , 16 dengan tipe
afektif, dan 8 dengan jenis menjawab pertanyaan. Setiap pembicaraan yang dapat
dikategorikan sebagai scaffolding talk dalam penelitian ini digunakan oleh sosok
guru untuk memberikan dukungan dalam bentuk tertentu yang diterima muridmuridnya dalam interaksi mereka dikelas ketika mereka bergerak menuju
keterampilan baru, konsep dan tingkat pemahaman tentang debat dalam kondisi
nyata.
Debat memerlukan tingkat kemahiran yang tinggi dalam bahasa Inggris,
baik dalam isi atau teknik dan mereka juga harus mempercepat daya pikir kritis
mereka untuk memecahkan permasalahan. Sebuah film yang bagus seperti film ini
akan menginspirasi banyak guru khususnya guru dan calon guru bahasa Inggris.
Seorang guru yang inovatif harus mampu mencoba untuk menerapkannya dikelas
dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ...........................................................................................................
LOGO ..............................................................................................................
TITLE .............................................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ............................................................................
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL .........................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
x
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ......................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...........................................................................
6
1.3 Objective of the Research ..........................................................................
6
1.4 Significance of the Research ......................................................................
6
1.5 Limitation of the Research .........................................................................
7
1.6 Operational Definition ...............................................................................
7
CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Study of Research variables .......................................................................
8
2.1.1 Definition of Scaffolding talk .................................................................
8
2.1.2 Types, Functions and Examples of Scaffolding Talk in teaching
Debate ....................................................................................................
10
2.1.3 Definition of Debate ................................................................................
17
2.1.4 Rules of Debating....................................................................................
18
2.1.5 Forms of debate .......................................................................................
24
x
2.1.6 Movie ....................................................................................................
28
2.1.7 Synopsis of the Great Debaters Movie ...................................................
28
2.2 Review of Previous Research.....................................................................
29
2.3 Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................
31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1Design of the research .................................................................................
32
3.2 Data and Data source .................................................................................
32
3.3 Technique of collecting data ......................................................................
32
3.4 Technique of analyzing the data ................................................................
33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 Findings ....................................................................................................
38
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Types and Functions of Scaffolding Talks in The Great Debaters
Movie ......................................................................................................
64
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................
78
6.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................
79
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 80
APPENDIX .................................................................................................... 81
CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................ 158
STATEMENT................................................................................................. 159
SURAT KETERANGAN SELESAI BIMBINGAN .................................... 160
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
3.1
Table 3.1 Data Analyzing (Example) .....................................................
34
4.1
Type of Scaffolding talks in The Great Debaters Movie .......................
38
4.2
The Functions of Scaffolding Talks in The Great Debaters Movie .......
61
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
1
Page
The Script of Talks in The Great Debaters Movie ................................... 81
xiii
IN “THE GREAT DEBATERS” MOVIE
By:
YENY PARYATI
NIM. 201132038
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
i
SCAFFOLDING TALKS
IN “THE GREAT DEBATERS” MOVIE
SKRIPSI
Presented to Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for Completing The Sarjana Program
In English Education
By:
YENY PARYATI
NIM. 201132038
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2013
ii
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
It’s impossible to achieve the greatest without a great enthusiasm
A champion is one who gets up even when they can’t
I dedicate this skripsi to :
My beloved Husband (Tommy Budi Hartono)
My dearest Father and Mother
My dearest Father and Mother in law
My sweetest lovely angel (Juanaya Hayu Rembonette)
My lovely brothers and sisters
My lovely friends at IPIEMS
All English Students of EED UMK
iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Yeny Paryati (NIM. 201132038) has
been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Examining
Committee.
Kudus, 15 March 2013
Advisor I
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
NIP. 19620413-198803-1-002
Advisor II
Atik Rokhayani, S. Pd., M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd.
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana skripsi of Yeny Paryati (NIM. 201132038) has
been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement of the Sarjana
Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language.
Kudus,
Skripsi Examining Committee
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
NIP. 19620413 198803 1 002
Chairman
Atik Rokhayani, S. Pd., M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Fitri Budi Suryani, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS. 0610701000001155
Member
Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd
NIP. 19621219 198703 1 001
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. SusiloRahardjo, M. Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah SWT,
God the Almighty for the blessing given to me in completing my final project.
Then, I would also like to express my biggest appreciation to all of my
lecturers in the English department, especially to my supervised lecturers, Drs.
Muh. Syafei, M.Pd as my first advisor and AtikRokhayani, SPd, MPd as my
second advisor for giving their continuous guidance as well as advice and
valuable suggestions in finishing this final project.
My deepest gratitude also goes to my beloved husband (Tommy Budi
Hartono) for all the warmest love and support, My dearest Father (Suparyo, Alm.)
for once pray in his deepest cry that someday his daughter would be able to reach
this level, my parents, my parents in law, all family and friends, especially to
Febifor being the best friend ever and the IPIEMS Crew: Maghfiroh, Yuni, Lisa,
Ririn, Nining, Nurul, Yesi and Alex for untiring affection, supports, and
continuous prayers.
I realize that this final project has a lot of shortcomings. Therefore,
suggestion and criticism are always needed for betterment.
At last, I hope this final project will be very useful for all readers
especially for the English teachers and the students of English Department and
also the next researchers who want to apply the result of my research.
Kudus, 7 March 2013
YenyParyati
vii
ABSTRACT
Paryati, Yeny. 2013. Scaffolding Talk in The Great Debaters Movie. Skripsi.
Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education, Muria Kudus University.Advisors: Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd
(i), Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd (ii)
Keywords: Scaffolding Talks, Debate, Movie.
English has become the language of international communication in
theworld since long ago. In its development, especially in the era of globalization,
English became the official language used in various areas of life. That is why
English education is considered necessary and it also determine the quality of
human resources. Scaffolding Talks has then become important case to discuss as
it represent one of strategies in introducing and teaching English. Analyzing the
use of Scaffolding Talks is looking closely and deeply to the utilization of Types
of Scaffolding Talks and their function such as offering explanation, motivating
and stimulating students’ interest, making link, providing model, inviting
students’ participation, stimulating students’ thinking process, verifying and
clarifying the students’ responses.
This study is aimed at what and how the Scaffolding Talks are used to
train a group of students who join in a debate team by the figure of teacher in The
Great Debaters movie. In this case, to make it clearer and inspiring, I employed
also the types and the function of scaffolding talks which I found in the script of
The Great Debaters movie.
This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data were collected by
watching and reading the script of The Great Debaters movie directed by Denzel
Washington. Then, they were identified, classified and analyzed based on Hughes
particularly exemplified.
The result of this analysis shows that there are 101 talks that can be called
as Scaffolding Talks; 21 with giving instruction type, 11 with sequencing type, 14
with reference type, 21 with asking question type, 7 with supervision type, 4 with
metalanguage type, 16 with affective type, and 8 with replying question type.
Every talks that can be categorized as scaffolding talk in this study is used by the
figure of teacher to provide certain kinds of support which his students receive in
their classroom interaction as they move towards new skills, concepts and levels
of understanding about a real debating.
Due to the fact that debating requires a high proficiency level of English as
the debaters must be able to talk or deliver speech fluently and correctly either in
its content or its technique and they also have to speed up their critical thinking to
solve the motion. Teaching Debate then becomes a challenge for some teachers to
make their students able to speak fluently with good speed of course. A good film
like this one will inspire a lot of teachers especially teachers and prospective
teachers of English. An Innovative teacher should be able to reap its meaning and
try to implement in the classroom with full responsibility.
viii
ABSTRAKSI
Paryati, Yeny. 2013. Scaffolding Talk in The Great Debaters Movie. Skripsi.
Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (i). Drs.
Muh. Syafei, M.Pd. (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M. Pd.
Kata kunci: Scaffolding Talk, Tipe, Fungsi, Debat, Film.
Bahasa Inggris telah menjadi bahasa komunikasi internasional di dunia
sejak lama. Dalam perkembangannya, khususnya dalam era globalisasi, bahasa
Inggris menjadi bahasa resmi yang digunakan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan.
Itulah mengapa pendidikan bahasa Inggris dianggap perlu dan juga menentukan
kualitas sumber daya manusia. Scaffolding Talk kemudian menjadi hal penting
untuk dibahas karena merupakan salah satu strategi dalam memperkenalkan dan
mengajar bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa dan
bagaimana Scaffolding Talk digunakan untuk melatih sekelompok mahasiswa
yang bergabung dalam tim debat di film The Great Debaters. Dalam hal ini,
penulis menganalisa jenis dan fungsi Scaffolding Talk yang ditemukan dalam
naskah film The Great Debaters arahan sutradara Denzel Washington.
Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan
mengamati dan membaca naskah film The Great Debaters yang disutradarai oleh
Denzel Washington. Kemudian, data tersebut diidentifikasi, diklasifikasikan dan
dianalisis berdasarkan Klasifikasi yang dikemukakan oleh Hughes (1990).
Hasil analisis dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 101 pembicaraan yang
bisa disebut sebagai Scaffolding Talk, 21 dengan jenis memberikan instruksi, 11
dengan jenis urutan kegiatan, 14 dengan tipe referensi, 21 dengan jenis pertanyaan
dan bertanya, 7 dengan tipe supervisi, 4 dengan jenis metabahasa , 16 dengan tipe
afektif, dan 8 dengan jenis menjawab pertanyaan. Setiap pembicaraan yang dapat
dikategorikan sebagai scaffolding talk dalam penelitian ini digunakan oleh sosok
guru untuk memberikan dukungan dalam bentuk tertentu yang diterima muridmuridnya dalam interaksi mereka dikelas ketika mereka bergerak menuju
keterampilan baru, konsep dan tingkat pemahaman tentang debat dalam kondisi
nyata.
Debat memerlukan tingkat kemahiran yang tinggi dalam bahasa Inggris,
baik dalam isi atau teknik dan mereka juga harus mempercepat daya pikir kritis
mereka untuk memecahkan permasalahan. Sebuah film yang bagus seperti film ini
akan menginspirasi banyak guru khususnya guru dan calon guru bahasa Inggris.
Seorang guru yang inovatif harus mampu mencoba untuk menerapkannya dikelas
dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ...........................................................................................................
LOGO ..............................................................................................................
TITLE .............................................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL ............................................................................
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL .........................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
x
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ......................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...........................................................................
6
1.3 Objective of the Research ..........................................................................
6
1.4 Significance of the Research ......................................................................
6
1.5 Limitation of the Research .........................................................................
7
1.6 Operational Definition ...............................................................................
7
CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Study of Research variables .......................................................................
8
2.1.1 Definition of Scaffolding talk .................................................................
8
2.1.2 Types, Functions and Examples of Scaffolding Talk in teaching
Debate ....................................................................................................
10
2.1.3 Definition of Debate ................................................................................
17
2.1.4 Rules of Debating....................................................................................
18
2.1.5 Forms of debate .......................................................................................
24
x
2.1.6 Movie ....................................................................................................
28
2.1.7 Synopsis of the Great Debaters Movie ...................................................
28
2.2 Review of Previous Research.....................................................................
29
2.3 Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................
31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1Design of the research .................................................................................
32
3.2 Data and Data source .................................................................................
32
3.3 Technique of collecting data ......................................................................
32
3.4 Technique of analyzing the data ................................................................
33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 Findings ....................................................................................................
38
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Types and Functions of Scaffolding Talks in The Great Debaters
Movie ......................................................................................................
64
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................
78
6.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................
79
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 80
APPENDIX .................................................................................................... 81
CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................ 158
STATEMENT................................................................................................. 159
SURAT KETERANGAN SELESAI BIMBINGAN .................................... 160
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
3.1
Table 3.1 Data Analyzing (Example) .....................................................
34
4.1
Type of Scaffolding talks in The Great Debaters Movie .......................
38
4.2
The Functions of Scaffolding Talks in The Great Debaters Movie .......
61
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
1
Page
The Script of Talks in The Great Debaters Movie ................................... 81
xiii