EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL WITH STUDENTS ACCOMPANYING IN MALNUTRITION EARLY DETECTION (Study in Sub District Kandri, Gunung Pati Semarang).
ISBN : 978-602-98fi7-2:fr
PROCEED}
"9ffiffi'ff'www_ffiw
NATIOilAilCULTURE
AND CHATACTER EDUCATIO
r.i
t,.:
PO5T GRADUATE I)ROG
SEMARANG 5TATE UNlUE$ff
':.4
'-ii.::r.
\\:l:::.
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 2010
by
Post Graduate Program Semarang State University
Gd.4 PPs UNNES, Semarang 50233
lndonesia
Tel. +6224 844
Published
9jfi
EDITOR
Wasino
Samsudi
S.B. Waluya
LAY OUT
Adhi Setyanto
Rohmadi
DESIGN
Mundzir
Copyright @ Post Graduate Program Semarang State University @ 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retriecval
System or transmitted in any form or by means, electronis, mechanical, photocopying,
Recording, or otherwise, without permission of the copyright holder.
ISBN
: 978 -
602
-
98777
- 2- O
Production by Swadaya Manunggal Offset & Press
Jl. Kelud Raya No.78, Semarang
Tel. +6224 8411 006
Fax.+6224 8505723
Email. percetaka nswadava @vahoo.com
2010
Proceedinqs of International Seminar PPs Unnes
13. IMPLEMENTATION IN CULTURE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
88
14'FRoMcoVERINGTHEWRoNGDoINGSToCHARACTERBUILDING
94
SCHOOL
15. CULTURE-BASED CHARACTER EDUCATION IN
99
Rediana SetiYani ........
I.6.DEVELoPINGoFcoNCEPTMAPPINGASSESSMENTFoRMEASURINGSTUDENT,S
ABILITYINCoNSTRUCTINGcoNCEPToFELEKTRoNIKADASARII
Ani Rusilowati, Achmad SoPYan
1t
IT.EMPoWERMENTcoMMUNITYDEVELOPMENTMoDELWITHSTUDENTS
DETECTION
ACCOMPANYING IN MALNUTRITION EARLY
I"8.oPTIMIZETHEROLEoFTHETEACHERSASTHEIMPLEMENTATORSoFETHICAL
EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
Titi Prihatin
]-g.PENGEMBANGANKARAKTERBANGSAMELALUIBIMBINGANDANKoNSELING
(SUATU TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGISPERKEMBANGAN DALAM SETTING KELUARGA
rSLAMl)
Anwar SutoYo
INFORMAL
20. PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Maman Rachman
2I..MENGGAGASPEMBEWARANKARAKTERBERBASISBUDAYADISEKoLAHDASAR
Masrukhi
MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
22. MEMBANGUN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL
Scolastika Mariani
23.MEMBANGUNKARAKTERDANBUDAYABANGSAINDoNESIAMELALUIPMRI
Wardono
24.PENDIDIKANKARAKTERBERBASISPoTENSIDIRIMENDoNGKRAKKUALITAS
PENDIDIKAN
D. YahYa Khan ..........
1.'.
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 201 0
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL WITH STUDENTS
ACCOMPANYING IN MALNUTRITION EARLY DETECTION
(Study in Sub District Kandri, Gunungpati, Semarang)
By:
IRWAN BUDIONO
ABSTRACT
Health and nutrition in children is an important factor in the development of
qualified individuals. But unfortunately, the incidence of malnutrition is still a lot
happening. One of them in in The Village Kandri, ie 7.8% of children under five are
underweight. Magnitude of the incidence of malnutrition is indicated the possibility of
the presence of nutritional status of infants with levels of "mild" big enough, which, if
not immediately found, it can be developed into a toddler nutrition and subsequently
become less malnutrition. Therefore, research must be done to develop early detection
systems.
This research is an observational analytical survey with cross sectional design. The
population in this study are listed in posyandu toddler Kandri (N=398). Samples taken
some 40 children under five are obtained by using non random. The instrument used in
this study is a questionnaire and 24-hour recall form. The data obtained were processed
using the chi-square statistic with degree of significance of 5%, and calculated the
sensitivity and positive predictive value.
Results showed the majority of children under five samples of this study have a good
level of energy consumption (82.5%),80% had good nutritional status. Chi square test
results show There is a relationship between energy consumption levels and nutritional
status (p = O.OOO1). Sensitivity value of the consumption survey method for early
detection of malnutrition incidence rate of 0.75. And positive predictive value of the
consumption survey method for early detection of malnutrition incidence of 0.8.
Suggested to the health center to further improve nutritional surveillance activities,
and training of health cadres. Next to the village health cadres are expected to support
surveillance activities nutrition consumption surveys conducted continuously and
periodically.
Keywords : nutritional status, earlv detection
Background
The quality of human resources (HR) is one of the main factors required in implementing
national development. HR quality improvement needs to be done with mutual efforts sustainable
Determinant factor of quality human resource is the health and nutritional status, especially sinct
the time of the child / children (Depkes Rl, 2004).
Children under five years old (toddlers) is an age group with the rapid body growth, which i.
the most vulnerable groups suffer from disorders of nutrition and nutrition easy. Nutrients neede:
by children under five in number and relatively large (Achmad Djaeni S, 1999). lmproved nutriticr
status of children is part of the increase in the nutritional status of the community. Although ever'
effort has been in power and try both in national and international scale, malnutrition remains '
fundamental cause for the occurrence of disease and reduction in life expectancy. To improve tl^=
nutrition status and living conditions in the community or the discovery of early detection of cases :'
nutritional needs to be done quickly and then get the right treatment.
Noting the facts about the importance of preparing children to have good nutritional statu:
there is a n ironic situation. ln Centra I Java the re are 1..SI% ca rrying child ren with severe ma lnutritic and 13.8% children undernourished in 2002. These circumstances tend to be even worse whtcompared to 2006 data, where there incidence of malnutrition and nutrition as much as 1.55% le::
15.1%. Almost the same situation is also found at Kelurahan Kandri, 78% of children under five a'=
underweight. Magnitude of the incidence of malnutrition in Kandri, This indicated the possibility :'
ll4
Proceedings of rnternationar seminar pps
unnes 2010
the presence of infants with low nutrient
status level of mild big enough, which,
if not immediately
found it to deverop into an infant marnutrition
and further into marnutrition.
Follow-up of the treatment of malnutrition
/ poor children under five have done well.
Department of Health through the Health
Center has established procedures for
handling child
malnutrition / bad (DinkesJawa Tengah,
2006). The problem faced was an early
effort
to
find children
with malnutrition is not maximal' Efforts undertaken
so far is with undernourished children
crawl
through IHC' But the scope of the discovery
of undernourished children with this method
is
certainly
not maximal, due to the invention rely
on passive surveillance.
Based on the background of these problems
will want to do survey research to test whether
consumption can be the moder in earry
detection of nutritionar probrems.
Research Metodology
This research is a type of research with
cross sectional survey. The population
in this study
are all under five in IHC Kandri contained
in The Village, District Gunungpati semarang.
rn this case
there are four neighborhood health center
with a totar of 39g infants. Sampres taken
as
many
as 40
infants with non-random techniques. ln
this study the respondents were mothers
of children
lf for some reason the mother can not be a respondent,under
the
ny peopte *ho .r. responsible for preparing
the family meal/ toddlers.
five who became the sample'
respondent can be replaced
The variable in this research is the nutritional
status and level of energy consumption.
Variable nutritional status measured by
anthropometric Z-scores of weight
/ age for the current
measure of nutritional status. This variable
data obtained through secondary data from
(KartuMenuiuSehot)toddlers.Thevariablelevelsofenergyconsumptionwasobtainedwiththe KMS
3x24hour recall and compared with the recommended
daily allowance {RDA) is recommended. Energy
consumption levels are grouped in the
criteria, namely whether the level of consumption,
when >
80% RDA, and less if < gO% RDA (Supariasa,2o02:L14).
ln this study, a questionnaire instrument for recording
the weight and age of children
included in the KMS, and rormulir recall
24 hours to get the data rate of energy consumption
Data were analyzed by calculating univariate
measures of central tendency (mean, median,
minimum and maximum values, and standard
deviation) and frequency distribution for the
variable
of nutritional status and level of energy consumption.
And bivariate analysis was done by calculating
the sensitivity and positive predictive value
sensitivity and positive predictive value
of early detection system (in this case through
consumer surveys to determine levels of energy
consumption) is calculated with the formula :
Nutritional status
Early detection
by
surevy consumption)
-2SD
100
%
Energy RDA
False Negatif
c
A+C
Negatif
A+B
C+D
D
B+D
Sensitivity=A/(n+C)
predictive positif value A/ (A+A)
=
Result And Discussion
Results showed the majority of children
under five samples of this study have a good
level of
energy consumption, amountin g lo 82.5%.
The toddler who had a good nutritional
g0%. Chi
status
of
square test results show There is a relationship
between energy consumption levels and
nutritional
status (p
= o'ooot)' sensitivity value of the consumption strrvey
method for early detection of
malnutrition incidence rate of 0'75. And positive
predictive value of the consumption
survey method
for early detection of malnutrition incidence
of 0.g.
Here is the translation of research results
and discussion:
115
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 2A10
1. The relationship between energy consumption levels
with nutritional status
Based on the results of research indicate that there is a relationship between energy
consumption with the nutritional status of children. The results of this study is strengthened by
earlier research conducted by the Rahmi M (2000), Early Rosita (2001) and Dewi Firdauz (2003)which
states that the same results ie there is a correlation between the level of energy consumption with
nutritionalstatus.
Based on the results of this study indicated that children with good energy consumption largely
shows that good nutritional status, children who otherwise lack or deficit of energy consumption
shows a lack of nutritional status. This is reinforced by existing theories. When the consumption of
energy through food is less than energy expenditure then the body will lack energy. Consequences
are the body will experience the energy imbalance, so the weight is less than the weight it should be.
Conversely, if the consumption of energy derived from food exceeds energy expenditure then the
excess energy will be stored as body fat, weight loss will occur as a result that exceeds ideal body
weight (Sunita Almastier, 2003:150).
Energy is the ability to do the job. Body obtain energy from food eaten, which means there is
energy in food as chemical energy that can be converted into other forms of energy (Agoes Krisno
Budiyanto, 2004:77l'. Humans need energy for survival, growth and physical activity. Energy
consumption is a factor directly related to nutritional status. This statement is in accordance with the
theory Djaeni Achmad S. (2000:25) stating that the nutritional situation depends on the level of
consumption. Consumption level is determined by the quality of dishes and a comparison with one
another. When the consumption of energy through food is less than energy expenditure, the body
will lack energy.
The impact of energy shortage is the body will experience an imbalance so that the weight is less
than ideal body weight. Lack of one of the nutrients in food consumed daily can cause disturbances
in the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients and can lead to malnutrition. ln people who
lack the nutrients, the nutrients in the body will be used to meet the needs of the body. lf this goes
on continuously and in the long term there will be a deterioration of the network and malnutrition
(Djiteng Roedjito, 1989:31)
From the above research findings are consistent with many conclusions from previous research,
the energy consumption can be used as one variable that can be used for early detection of
malnutrition incidence.
2. Sensitivity of consumption survey method for early detection of malnutrition events
The results showed six of the eight children who experience malnutrition can be detected
by the level of energy consumption is less (sensitivity 0.75). Sensitivity value of 0.75 indicates that
the level of energy consumption can be used as variables for incidence of early detection of
malnutrition. From the calculation is also known from eight infants who have poor nutrition status o'
children who have six, including as a false negative.
Sensitivity value of 0.75 This also means that the ability of survey methods to estimate th:
consumption of the undernourished children as toddlers who are also less energy consumption bi
75%.fhere are several reasons why the sensitivity value of 0.75. First, probably due to small sample
size. Sample size will significantly influence the calculation of sensitivity (Grandson Murti, 1997i
Second, the possibility of other variables that directly affects the occurrence of malnutrition that are
not controlled. ln this infectious disease is the variable that most directly impact on the incidence c'
malnutrition (Soekirman,2OOT). Third, the ability interviewer in conducting the recall of food is als:
an important factor. Recal bias can occur because of the lack of interviewer skills. lf this recall bia:
occurred, then the sensitivity of consumption survey method in early detection of malnutrition eve::
also willgo down (l Dewa Nyoman Supariasa, 2001).
3. Positive predictive value of the consumption survey method for early detection of malnutriticevents
Results showed a positive predictive value of 0.85. This shows that the level of ener=
consumption can detect early occurrence of malnutrition at 85%.
116
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar pps
IJnnes 2010
ln this research revealed that there was
one of seven children included in the
criteria of a
false positive' This means that a toddler
who does not actuaily have any experience
marnutrition
detected through the survey as subjects
who consumed ress carorie intake.
The existence of these false positive
rates can be influenced by several possibilities.
The
first possibiiity is the lack of large sample
sizes. This is because the sample
size
will
be
related
to the
normality of a data (Grandson Murti,
1gg7). second, as with the sensitivity,
the possibility of another
variable that directly affects the occurrence
of malnutrition that are not controiled
can arso cause a
false positive' ln this infectious disease
is the variable that most directly
impact
on
the incidence of
malnutrition (soekirman, 2oo7)- Third, the
same as the sensitivity, the ability
interviewer in
conducting the recall of food is also an
important factor. Recal bias can occur
because of the lack of
occurred, then the ralse positive varue
win increase as wer. (r
;iilfiffiiX'5rirl]],!"''Jl,o'"
Closing
1. Conclusion
a'
b'
c'
d'
Most toddrers this sampre has a good rever
of energy consumption (g2.5%).
Most toddrers this sampre has a
nutritionar
tood
,tlriu, (soz").
There is a relationship between the level
of energy consumption with the nutritional
status
of children in Sub District Kandri Gunungpati
Semarang (p = O.OOOf).
survey of energy consumption in infants
as instrumen"ts sensitive enough for
early detection
of malnutrition incidence (sensitivity 0.75, positive
predictive value = 0.g).
=
B. Sugestion
a'
b'
To the health center, given the level of
energy consumption has been found to
significantly
associated with nutritional status, and
consumption surveys will be sensitive
enough to
predict the occurrence of malnutrition,
it is recommended to the Health center to further
improve nutritionar surveiilance activities,
and training of hearth cadres.
To the village health cadres, to support
surveillance activities of nutrition, it is
recommended
that the vilrage hearth cadres to carry out
surveys
of consumption
References
Ahmad Djaeni Sedia Oetama. 2000. ilmu
Gizi Untuk Mahasiswa dan profesi jilid
l. Jakarta : Dian
Rakyat
Ahmad Djaeni Sedia Oetama. 1999. llmu
Gizi Untuk Mahasiswa dan profesi jilid
Jakarta : Dian
Rakyat
'.
Azrul Azwar. 20O2. pangan dan Gizi di
Era Desentralisasi: Masalah dan Strategi pemecahannya.
Bogor: Dpp pergizi pangan lndonesia Bekerjasama pusat pangan,
Gizi dan Kesehatan
Hasanudin
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian
Deptan.2o06. pengawascm Ketahanan pangan.
Bogor: http//www.pse.litbang.deptan.go.
id
Budioro. 19g7. pengantar Administrasi Kesehatan
Masyarakat. semarang : FKM Undip.
Buckle K'A' Edward R'A, Fleet G.H, wootton
M. 1985. tlmu pangan.Terjemahan Hari purnomo,
dkk.
press
Jakarta
: Ul
Budiono' lrwan' 2007' studi Pendahuluan
Keragaman pangan Keluarga petani
Limbangan. Semarang : Jurusan IKM FIK
UNNES.
di
Kecamatan
ototo*nrr.,i,2?!;.^,,,1:1,or1:.-,,
Konsumsi pangan
rdngan
"'T^---Pensembangan
http: 'rtek'a.piii'or'id rtikel 'nean
TPTAN. 6iunduh"pada
tanggal
:
1 Desember 2007.
Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat
rdsydrdKar oepkes
uepKes Kt.
nL r99g.
(aimh-^^
1999. pedoman Ilmrrm
Umum Gizi
Gizi Seimbang.
Dinas Pertanian. 2006. pedoman
Heooman Umum
pengembangan Knncrrm-i
umum pensemhans:n
Konsumsi pangan. (HIlp://
i pte k. a p ij i. o r.i d
pTA
artiket
pa
nga n/D E
/
/
N ).
Dinkes
http://www.iatene.eo.idldinkes. Diunduh
.Kesehatan 2001_200s. semarang:
-lJ,iornsunan
pada tanggar 1 Desembe r 2007.
^i_T_Jil,1?l;,iol,r;,,^l:ir1.
I Dewa Nyoman
supariasa' 2001. Penilaian status cizi. rakarta: penerbit
Buku Kedokteran
ECG
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Kantor Kecamatan Limbangan. 2007. Monografi Kecamatan Limbangan Tahun zOO7. Kantor
Kecamatan Limbangan Kabupaten Kendal.
Lisdiana'1998. Waspada terhadap Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Gizi. Ungaran: Trubus Agriwidya
Moh. Agus Krisno Budiyanto. 2004. Dasar-Dasar ilmu Gizi. Malang: UMM press
RSCM Bagian Gizi. 1986. Penuntun diit. Jakarta: Gramedia pustaka Utama
Sajogyo dkk. 1994. Menuju gizi baik yang merata di pedesaan dan kota. yogjakarta: Gajahmada
University Press
sjahmien Moehji. 2003. llmu Gizijilid 2. Jakarta: pr Bhatara karya Aksara
Soetjiningsih.1995. Tumbuh KembangAnak. Jakarta: ECG
soegeng santoso dkk. 1999. Kesehatan dan Gizi. Jakarta: Rineka cipta
soekidjo Notoatmodjo. 1997.llmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Rineka cipta
qoe
kidjo Notoatmodj o. 2002. Metodologi Pene litia n Kese hata n. Ja ka rta : Rineka Cipta
Suhardjo dkk. 1986. Pangan, Gizi dan pertanian. Jakarta: Ul press
suhardjo dkk . 2003. Berbagai cara pendidikan Gizi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
sunita Almatsier.. 2004. Penuntun Diet. Jakarta: Gramedia pustaka Utama
Sunyoto Usman. 2004. Politik Pangan. Yogjakarta: (Cired) Center for lndonesian Research and
Development
Syamsul Bakhri, dkk.2001. Teknologi Peningkatan intensitas Pertanaman Sawah tadah hujan di
Sulawesi Tenga h. Sulteng: http://bp2tp.litbang.deptan.go.id
Tri Bastuti Purwantini dkk. 2006. Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Regional dan Tingkat Rumah Tangga
(studi Kasus di propinsi sulawesi Utara. Bogor : http//www.deptan.go.id
Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi. Vl. 1998. Prosiding Widyakarya Nasional pangan dan Gizi.
Jakarta: LlPl.
Yayuk Farida Baliwati. 2004. Pengantar Pangan dan Gin. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
118
PROCEED}
"9ffiffi'ff'www_ffiw
NATIOilAilCULTURE
AND CHATACTER EDUCATIO
r.i
t,.:
PO5T GRADUATE I)ROG
SEMARANG 5TATE UNlUE$ff
':.4
'-ii.::r.
\\:l:::.
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 2010
by
Post Graduate Program Semarang State University
Gd.4 PPs UNNES, Semarang 50233
lndonesia
Tel. +6224 844
Published
9jfi
EDITOR
Wasino
Samsudi
S.B. Waluya
LAY OUT
Adhi Setyanto
Rohmadi
DESIGN
Mundzir
Copyright @ Post Graduate Program Semarang State University @ 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retriecval
System or transmitted in any form or by means, electronis, mechanical, photocopying,
Recording, or otherwise, without permission of the copyright holder.
ISBN
: 978 -
602
-
98777
- 2- O
Production by Swadaya Manunggal Offset & Press
Jl. Kelud Raya No.78, Semarang
Tel. +6224 8411 006
Fax.+6224 8505723
Email. percetaka nswadava @vahoo.com
2010
Proceedinqs of International Seminar PPs Unnes
13. IMPLEMENTATION IN CULTURE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
88
14'FRoMcoVERINGTHEWRoNGDoINGSToCHARACTERBUILDING
94
SCHOOL
15. CULTURE-BASED CHARACTER EDUCATION IN
99
Rediana SetiYani ........
I.6.DEVELoPINGoFcoNCEPTMAPPINGASSESSMENTFoRMEASURINGSTUDENT,S
ABILITYINCoNSTRUCTINGcoNCEPToFELEKTRoNIKADASARII
Ani Rusilowati, Achmad SoPYan
1t
IT.EMPoWERMENTcoMMUNITYDEVELOPMENTMoDELWITHSTUDENTS
DETECTION
ACCOMPANYING IN MALNUTRITION EARLY
I"8.oPTIMIZETHEROLEoFTHETEACHERSASTHEIMPLEMENTATORSoFETHICAL
EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
Titi Prihatin
]-g.PENGEMBANGANKARAKTERBANGSAMELALUIBIMBINGANDANKoNSELING
(SUATU TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGISPERKEMBANGAN DALAM SETTING KELUARGA
rSLAMl)
Anwar SutoYo
INFORMAL
20. PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Maman Rachman
2I..MENGGAGASPEMBEWARANKARAKTERBERBASISBUDAYADISEKoLAHDASAR
Masrukhi
MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
22. MEMBANGUN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL
Scolastika Mariani
23.MEMBANGUNKARAKTERDANBUDAYABANGSAINDoNESIAMELALUIPMRI
Wardono
24.PENDIDIKANKARAKTERBERBASISPoTENSIDIRIMENDoNGKRAKKUALITAS
PENDIDIKAN
D. YahYa Khan ..........
1.'.
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 201 0
EMPOWERMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL WITH STUDENTS
ACCOMPANYING IN MALNUTRITION EARLY DETECTION
(Study in Sub District Kandri, Gunungpati, Semarang)
By:
IRWAN BUDIONO
ABSTRACT
Health and nutrition in children is an important factor in the development of
qualified individuals. But unfortunately, the incidence of malnutrition is still a lot
happening. One of them in in The Village Kandri, ie 7.8% of children under five are
underweight. Magnitude of the incidence of malnutrition is indicated the possibility of
the presence of nutritional status of infants with levels of "mild" big enough, which, if
not immediately found, it can be developed into a toddler nutrition and subsequently
become less malnutrition. Therefore, research must be done to develop early detection
systems.
This research is an observational analytical survey with cross sectional design. The
population in this study are listed in posyandu toddler Kandri (N=398). Samples taken
some 40 children under five are obtained by using non random. The instrument used in
this study is a questionnaire and 24-hour recall form. The data obtained were processed
using the chi-square statistic with degree of significance of 5%, and calculated the
sensitivity and positive predictive value.
Results showed the majority of children under five samples of this study have a good
level of energy consumption (82.5%),80% had good nutritional status. Chi square test
results show There is a relationship between energy consumption levels and nutritional
status (p = O.OOO1). Sensitivity value of the consumption survey method for early
detection of malnutrition incidence rate of 0.75. And positive predictive value of the
consumption survey method for early detection of malnutrition incidence of 0.8.
Suggested to the health center to further improve nutritional surveillance activities,
and training of health cadres. Next to the village health cadres are expected to support
surveillance activities nutrition consumption surveys conducted continuously and
periodically.
Keywords : nutritional status, earlv detection
Background
The quality of human resources (HR) is one of the main factors required in implementing
national development. HR quality improvement needs to be done with mutual efforts sustainable
Determinant factor of quality human resource is the health and nutritional status, especially sinct
the time of the child / children (Depkes Rl, 2004).
Children under five years old (toddlers) is an age group with the rapid body growth, which i.
the most vulnerable groups suffer from disorders of nutrition and nutrition easy. Nutrients neede:
by children under five in number and relatively large (Achmad Djaeni S, 1999). lmproved nutriticr
status of children is part of the increase in the nutritional status of the community. Although ever'
effort has been in power and try both in national and international scale, malnutrition remains '
fundamental cause for the occurrence of disease and reduction in life expectancy. To improve tl^=
nutrition status and living conditions in the community or the discovery of early detection of cases :'
nutritional needs to be done quickly and then get the right treatment.
Noting the facts about the importance of preparing children to have good nutritional statu:
there is a n ironic situation. ln Centra I Java the re are 1..SI% ca rrying child ren with severe ma lnutritic and 13.8% children undernourished in 2002. These circumstances tend to be even worse whtcompared to 2006 data, where there incidence of malnutrition and nutrition as much as 1.55% le::
15.1%. Almost the same situation is also found at Kelurahan Kandri, 78% of children under five a'=
underweight. Magnitude of the incidence of malnutrition in Kandri, This indicated the possibility :'
ll4
Proceedings of rnternationar seminar pps
unnes 2010
the presence of infants with low nutrient
status level of mild big enough, which,
if not immediately
found it to deverop into an infant marnutrition
and further into marnutrition.
Follow-up of the treatment of malnutrition
/ poor children under five have done well.
Department of Health through the Health
Center has established procedures for
handling child
malnutrition / bad (DinkesJawa Tengah,
2006). The problem faced was an early
effort
to
find children
with malnutrition is not maximal' Efforts undertaken
so far is with undernourished children
crawl
through IHC' But the scope of the discovery
of undernourished children with this method
is
certainly
not maximal, due to the invention rely
on passive surveillance.
Based on the background of these problems
will want to do survey research to test whether
consumption can be the moder in earry
detection of nutritionar probrems.
Research Metodology
This research is a type of research with
cross sectional survey. The population
in this study
are all under five in IHC Kandri contained
in The Village, District Gunungpati semarang.
rn this case
there are four neighborhood health center
with a totar of 39g infants. Sampres taken
as
many
as 40
infants with non-random techniques. ln
this study the respondents were mothers
of children
lf for some reason the mother can not be a respondent,under
the
ny peopte *ho .r. responsible for preparing
the family meal/ toddlers.
five who became the sample'
respondent can be replaced
The variable in this research is the nutritional
status and level of energy consumption.
Variable nutritional status measured by
anthropometric Z-scores of weight
/ age for the current
measure of nutritional status. This variable
data obtained through secondary data from
(KartuMenuiuSehot)toddlers.Thevariablelevelsofenergyconsumptionwasobtainedwiththe KMS
3x24hour recall and compared with the recommended
daily allowance {RDA) is recommended. Energy
consumption levels are grouped in the
criteria, namely whether the level of consumption,
when >
80% RDA, and less if < gO% RDA (Supariasa,2o02:L14).
ln this study, a questionnaire instrument for recording
the weight and age of children
included in the KMS, and rormulir recall
24 hours to get the data rate of energy consumption
Data were analyzed by calculating univariate
measures of central tendency (mean, median,
minimum and maximum values, and standard
deviation) and frequency distribution for the
variable
of nutritional status and level of energy consumption.
And bivariate analysis was done by calculating
the sensitivity and positive predictive value
sensitivity and positive predictive value
of early detection system (in this case through
consumer surveys to determine levels of energy
consumption) is calculated with the formula :
Nutritional status
Early detection
by
surevy consumption)
-2SD
100
%
Energy RDA
False Negatif
c
A+C
Negatif
A+B
C+D
D
B+D
Sensitivity=A/(n+C)
predictive positif value A/ (A+A)
=
Result And Discussion
Results showed the majority of children
under five samples of this study have a good
level of
energy consumption, amountin g lo 82.5%.
The toddler who had a good nutritional
g0%. Chi
status
of
square test results show There is a relationship
between energy consumption levels and
nutritional
status (p
= o'ooot)' sensitivity value of the consumption strrvey
method for early detection of
malnutrition incidence rate of 0'75. And positive
predictive value of the consumption
survey method
for early detection of malnutrition incidence
of 0.g.
Here is the translation of research results
and discussion:
115
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar PPs Unnes 2A10
1. The relationship between energy consumption levels
with nutritional status
Based on the results of research indicate that there is a relationship between energy
consumption with the nutritional status of children. The results of this study is strengthened by
earlier research conducted by the Rahmi M (2000), Early Rosita (2001) and Dewi Firdauz (2003)which
states that the same results ie there is a correlation between the level of energy consumption with
nutritionalstatus.
Based on the results of this study indicated that children with good energy consumption largely
shows that good nutritional status, children who otherwise lack or deficit of energy consumption
shows a lack of nutritional status. This is reinforced by existing theories. When the consumption of
energy through food is less than energy expenditure then the body will lack energy. Consequences
are the body will experience the energy imbalance, so the weight is less than the weight it should be.
Conversely, if the consumption of energy derived from food exceeds energy expenditure then the
excess energy will be stored as body fat, weight loss will occur as a result that exceeds ideal body
weight (Sunita Almastier, 2003:150).
Energy is the ability to do the job. Body obtain energy from food eaten, which means there is
energy in food as chemical energy that can be converted into other forms of energy (Agoes Krisno
Budiyanto, 2004:77l'. Humans need energy for survival, growth and physical activity. Energy
consumption is a factor directly related to nutritional status. This statement is in accordance with the
theory Djaeni Achmad S. (2000:25) stating that the nutritional situation depends on the level of
consumption. Consumption level is determined by the quality of dishes and a comparison with one
another. When the consumption of energy through food is less than energy expenditure, the body
will lack energy.
The impact of energy shortage is the body will experience an imbalance so that the weight is less
than ideal body weight. Lack of one of the nutrients in food consumed daily can cause disturbances
in the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients and can lead to malnutrition. ln people who
lack the nutrients, the nutrients in the body will be used to meet the needs of the body. lf this goes
on continuously and in the long term there will be a deterioration of the network and malnutrition
(Djiteng Roedjito, 1989:31)
From the above research findings are consistent with many conclusions from previous research,
the energy consumption can be used as one variable that can be used for early detection of
malnutrition incidence.
2. Sensitivity of consumption survey method for early detection of malnutrition events
The results showed six of the eight children who experience malnutrition can be detected
by the level of energy consumption is less (sensitivity 0.75). Sensitivity value of 0.75 indicates that
the level of energy consumption can be used as variables for incidence of early detection of
malnutrition. From the calculation is also known from eight infants who have poor nutrition status o'
children who have six, including as a false negative.
Sensitivity value of 0.75 This also means that the ability of survey methods to estimate th:
consumption of the undernourished children as toddlers who are also less energy consumption bi
75%.fhere are several reasons why the sensitivity value of 0.75. First, probably due to small sample
size. Sample size will significantly influence the calculation of sensitivity (Grandson Murti, 1997i
Second, the possibility of other variables that directly affects the occurrence of malnutrition that are
not controlled. ln this infectious disease is the variable that most directly impact on the incidence c'
malnutrition (Soekirman,2OOT). Third, the ability interviewer in conducting the recall of food is als:
an important factor. Recal bias can occur because of the lack of interviewer skills. lf this recall bia:
occurred, then the sensitivity of consumption survey method in early detection of malnutrition eve::
also willgo down (l Dewa Nyoman Supariasa, 2001).
3. Positive predictive value of the consumption survey method for early detection of malnutriticevents
Results showed a positive predictive value of 0.85. This shows that the level of ener=
consumption can detect early occurrence of malnutrition at 85%.
116
Proceedings of lnternational Seminar pps
IJnnes 2010
ln this research revealed that there was
one of seven children included in the
criteria of a
false positive' This means that a toddler
who does not actuaily have any experience
marnutrition
detected through the survey as subjects
who consumed ress carorie intake.
The existence of these false positive
rates can be influenced by several possibilities.
The
first possibiiity is the lack of large sample
sizes. This is because the sample
size
will
be
related
to the
normality of a data (Grandson Murti,
1gg7). second, as with the sensitivity,
the possibility of another
variable that directly affects the occurrence
of malnutrition that are not controiled
can arso cause a
false positive' ln this infectious disease
is the variable that most directly
impact
on
the incidence of
malnutrition (soekirman, 2oo7)- Third, the
same as the sensitivity, the ability
interviewer in
conducting the recall of food is also an
important factor. Recal bias can occur
because of the lack of
occurred, then the ralse positive varue
win increase as wer. (r
;iilfiffiiX'5rirl]],!"''Jl,o'"
Closing
1. Conclusion
a'
b'
c'
d'
Most toddrers this sampre has a good rever
of energy consumption (g2.5%).
Most toddrers this sampre has a
nutritionar
tood
,tlriu, (soz").
There is a relationship between the level
of energy consumption with the nutritional
status
of children in Sub District Kandri Gunungpati
Semarang (p = O.OOOf).
survey of energy consumption in infants
as instrumen"ts sensitive enough for
early detection
of malnutrition incidence (sensitivity 0.75, positive
predictive value = 0.g).
=
B. Sugestion
a'
b'
To the health center, given the level of
energy consumption has been found to
significantly
associated with nutritional status, and
consumption surveys will be sensitive
enough to
predict the occurrence of malnutrition,
it is recommended to the Health center to further
improve nutritionar surveiilance activities,
and training of hearth cadres.
To the village health cadres, to support
surveillance activities of nutrition, it is
recommended
that the vilrage hearth cadres to carry out
surveys
of consumption
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