Antifungal activity of piper caninum against pyricularia oryzae cav. the on ricecause of rice disease.
-RXUQDORI%LRORJ\$JULFXOWXUHDQG+HDOWKFDUHZZZLLVWHRUJ
,6613DSHU,661;2QOLQH
9RO1R
$QWLIXQJDO$FWLYLW\RI3LSHUFDQLQXPDJDLQVW3\ULFXODULDRU\]DH
&DYWKH&DXVHRI5LFH%ODVW'LVHDVHRQ5LFH
1L/XK6XULDQL'HZD1JXUDK6XSUDSWD
,0DGH6XGDQD,*5DL0D\D7HPDMD
'RFWRUDO3URJUDPRQ$JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFH6FKRRORI3RVWJUDGXDWH8GD\DQD8QLYHUVLW\-O3%6XGLUPDQ
'HQSDVDU%DOL,QGRQHVLD
/DERUDWRU\RI%LRSHVWLFLGH)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH8GD\DQD8QLYHUVLW\-O3%6XGLUPDQ'HQSDVDU%DOL
,QGRQHVLD
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUHPDLOELRS#GSVFHQWULQQHWLG
$EVWUDFW
5LFHEODVWFDXVHGE\3\ULFXODULDRU\]DH&DYLVRQHRI LPSRUWDQWDQGGHVWUXFWLYHGLVHDVHRQULFHLQ PRVWDUHDV
ZKHUHVXVFHSWLEOHULFHFXOWLYDUVDUHJURZQ7KLVVWXG\ZDVGRQHLQRUGHUWRILQGDOWHUQDWLYHPHDVXUHWRFRQWURO
WKHGLVHDVHE\XVLQJOHDIH[WUDFWRI3LSHUFDQLQXP%OXPH$QWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\RI3FDQLQXPDJDLQVW3RU\]DH
ZDVGRQHXQGHUODERUDWRU\FRQGLWLRQRQSRWDWRGH[WURVHDJDU3'$PHGLXP5HVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDW
WKH FUXGH H[WUDFW RI 3 FDQLQXP H[KLELWHG D YHU\ VWURQJ LQKLELWRU\ DFWLYLW\ DJDLQVW 3 RU\]DH ZLWK GLDPHWHU RI
LQKLELWLRQ]RQHE\PP0LQLPXPLQKLELWRU\FRQFHQWUDWLRQ0,&RIWKLVH[WUDFWZDVZY7UHDWPHQW
ZLWK OHDI H[WUDFW RI 3 FDQLQXP VLJQLILFDQWO\ 3 LQKLELWHG IXQJDO UDGLDO JURZWK VSRUHV IRUPDWLRQ DQG
ELRPDVVIRUPDWLRQ
7KHJURZWKLQKLELWLRQUHVXOWHGIURPWKLVH[WUDFWLVGXHWRWKHO\VLVRIIXQJDOFHOOVLQGLFDWHGE\WKH]L]H
RI P\FHOLD LQ ZKLFK WKH VL]H RI P\FHOLD WUHDWHG ZLWK H[WUDFW LV REYLRXVO\ VPDOOHU WKDQ WKDW RI FRQWURO ,W LV
QHFHVVDU\WRSXULI\DQGLGHQWLI\WKHVXEVWDQFHVLQWKHOHDIH[WUDFWRI3FDQLQXPWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHWKHPRVWIRUWKH
DQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\DJDLQVW3RU\]DH,QDGGLWLRQDILHOGWULDOLVQHFHVVDU\WREHGRQHWRHYDOXDWHWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVV
RIWKHOHDIH[WUDFWRI3FDQLQXPWRFRQWUROULFHEODVWGLVHDVHXQGHUILHOGFRQGLWLRQ
.H\ZRUGV3LSHUFDQLQXPULFHEODVWGLVHDVHDQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\FHOOO\VLV
,QWURGXFWLRQ
5LFH EODVW GLVHDVH FDXVHG E\ 3\ULFXODULD RU\]DH &DY LV RQH RI LPSRUWDQW GLVHDVHV RQ ULFH ,55, 7KH
GLVHDVHFDQFDXVHWZRV\PSWRPVYL]OHDIEODVWDQGQHFN EODVW7KHOHDIEODVWLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKH ZKLWHWR
JUD\ JUHHQ OHVLRQVRUVSRWV ZLWKGDUNHUERUGHUVSURGXFHGRQWKHOHDI7KHROGOHVLRQVDUHHOOLSWLFDORUVSLQGOH
VKDSHGDQGZKLWLVKWRJUD\ZLWKQHFURWLFERUGHU7KHQHFNEODVWLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHGDUNEURZQOHVLRQRQWKH
EDVDORIWKHSDQLFOHQHFNWKDWPDNHLWFDQQRWVXSSRUWWKHSDQLFOH3RU\]DHFDQLQIHFWWKHULFHSODQWDWYDULRXV
JURZWKVWDJH&LWHG RQ 2FWREHU @
$YDLODEOHIURPKWWSZZZEHULWDBLSWHNFRP
$VWLWL13$DQG'16XSUDSWD$QWLIXQJDO$FWLYLW\RI7HDN7HFWRQDJUDQGLV/)/HDI([WUDFW$JDLQVW
-RXUQDORI%LRORJ\$JULFXOWXUHDQG+HDOWKFDUHZZZLLVWHRUJ
,6613DSHU,661;2QOLQH
9RO1R
$UWKULQLXP 3KDHRVSHUPXP &RUGD0% (OOLV 7KH &DXVH RI :RRG 'HFD\ RQ $OEL]LD IDOFDWDULD
/)RVEHUJ-,66$$6
'MXQDHG\ $ %LRSHVWLVLGD VHEDJDL 3HQJHQGDOL 2UJDQLVPH 3HQJJDQJJX 7DQDPDQ 237 \DQJ 5DPDK
/LQJNXQJDQ-(PEU\R
*RPH] .$ GDQ $$ *RPH] 3URVHGXU6WDWLVWLN XQWXN 3HQHOLWLDQ 3HUWDQLDQ (GLVL NHGXD 3HQHUELW
8QLYHULVWDV,QGRQHVLD8,3UHVV
*RXUDPDQLV *' %LRORJLFDO DQG &KHPLFDO &RQWURO RI %ODVW 'HDVHDH 3\ULFXODULD RU\]DH LQ 1RUWKHUQ
*UHHFH-&KDWDLJQHU
+DMDQR-0/RGKL03KDWDQ0$.KDQ]DGDDQG*56KDK,Q9LWUR(YDOXDWLRQRI)XQJLFLGHV3ODQW
([WUDFWV%LR&RQWURO$JHQWV$JDLQVW5LFH%ODVW3KDWRJHQ0DJQRSKRUWKHRU\]DH&RXFK3DN-%RW
,55, 5LFH %ODVW 5LFH 6FLHQFH )RU D %HWWHU :RUOG 'LVLWLU 1RSHPEHU $YDLODEOH IUP
KWWSZZZNQRZOHGJHEDQNLUULRUJ
.DPDODNDQQDQ $ 9 6KDQPXJDQ 6 6XKHQGUDQ DQG 5 6ULQLYDVDQ $QWLIXQJDO 3URSHUWLHV RI SODQW
H[WUDFWV$JDLQVW3\ULFODULDRU\]DH5LFH%ODVW3KDWRJHQ,QGLDQ3\WRSDWK
0DM 6+ -RQHV 5 0DUVKDOO 5. -RKQVRQ DQG 60 +HFKW $ '1$GDPDJLQJ R[RDSRUSKLQH DONDORLG
IURP3LSHUFDQLQXP'HSDUWPHQWVRI&KHPLVWU\DQG%LRORJ\8QLYHUVLW\RI9LUJLQLD86$
0DSRUQ 3 3 3DL 9 3HWFKDUDW6 &KXHQFKLW 6 &KDNWKRQJ
,6613DSHU,661;2QOLQH
9RO1R
$QWLIXQJDO$FWLYLW\RI3LSHUFDQLQXPDJDLQVW3\ULFXODULDRU\]DH
&DYWKH&DXVHRI5LFH%ODVW'LVHDVHRQ5LFH
1L/XK6XULDQL'HZD1JXUDK6XSUDSWD
,0DGH6XGDQD,*5DL0D\D7HPDMD
'RFWRUDO3URJUDPRQ$JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFH6FKRRORI3RVWJUDGXDWH8GD\DQD8QLYHUVLW\-O3%6XGLUPDQ
'HQSDVDU%DOL,QGRQHVLD
/DERUDWRU\RI%LRSHVWLFLGH)DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH8GD\DQD8QLYHUVLW\-O3%6XGLUPDQ'HQSDVDU%DOL
,QGRQHVLD
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUHPDLOELRS#GSVFHQWULQQHWLG
$EVWUDFW
5LFHEODVWFDXVHGE\3\ULFXODULDRU\]DH&DYLVRQHRI LPSRUWDQWDQGGHVWUXFWLYHGLVHDVHRQULFHLQ PRVWDUHDV
ZKHUHVXVFHSWLEOHULFHFXOWLYDUVDUHJURZQ7KLVVWXG\ZDVGRQHLQRUGHUWRILQGDOWHUQDWLYHPHDVXUHWRFRQWURO
WKHGLVHDVHE\XVLQJOHDIH[WUDFWRI3LSHUFDQLQXP%OXPH$QWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\RI3FDQLQXPDJDLQVW3RU\]DH
ZDVGRQHXQGHUODERUDWRU\FRQGLWLRQRQSRWDWRGH[WURVHDJDU3'$PHGLXP5HVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDW
WKH FUXGH H[WUDFW RI 3 FDQLQXP H[KLELWHG D YHU\ VWURQJ LQKLELWRU\ DFWLYLW\ DJDLQVW 3 RU\]DH ZLWK GLDPHWHU RI
LQKLELWLRQ]RQHE\PP0LQLPXPLQKLELWRU\FRQFHQWUDWLRQ0,&RIWKLVH[WUDFWZDVZY7UHDWPHQW
ZLWK OHDI H[WUDFW RI 3 FDQLQXP VLJQLILFDQWO\ 3 LQKLELWHG IXQJDO UDGLDO JURZWK VSRUHV IRUPDWLRQ DQG
ELRPDVVIRUPDWLRQ
7KHJURZWKLQKLELWLRQUHVXOWHGIURPWKLVH[WUDFWLVGXHWRWKHO\VLVRIIXQJDOFHOOVLQGLFDWHGE\WKH]L]H
RI P\FHOLD LQ ZKLFK WKH VL]H RI P\FHOLD WUHDWHG ZLWK H[WUDFW LV REYLRXVO\ VPDOOHU WKDQ WKDW RI FRQWURO ,W LV
QHFHVVDU\WRSXULI\DQGLGHQWLI\WKHVXEVWDQFHVLQWKHOHDIH[WUDFWRI3FDQLQXPWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHWKHPRVWIRUWKH
DQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\DJDLQVW3RU\]DH,QDGGLWLRQDILHOGWULDOLVQHFHVVDU\WREHGRQHWRHYDOXDWHWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVV
RIWKHOHDIH[WUDFWRI3FDQLQXPWRFRQWUROULFHEODVWGLVHDVHXQGHUILHOGFRQGLWLRQ
.H\ZRUGV3LSHUFDQLQXPULFHEODVWGLVHDVHDQWLIXQJDODFWLYLW\FHOOO\VLV
,QWURGXFWLRQ
5LFH EODVW GLVHDVH FDXVHG E\ 3\ULFXODULD RU\]DH &DY LV RQH RI LPSRUWDQW GLVHDVHV RQ ULFH ,55, 7KH
GLVHDVHFDQFDXVHWZRV\PSWRPVYL]OHDIEODVWDQGQHFN EODVW7KHOHDIEODVWLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKH ZKLWHWR
JUD\ JUHHQ OHVLRQVRUVSRWV ZLWKGDUNHUERUGHUVSURGXFHGRQWKHOHDI7KHROGOHVLRQVDUHHOOLSWLFDORUVSLQGOH
VKDSHGDQGZKLWLVKWRJUD\ZLWKQHFURWLFERUGHU7KHQHFNEODVWLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHGDUNEURZQOHVLRQRQWKH
EDVDORIWKHSDQLFOHQHFNWKDWPDNHLWFDQQRWVXSSRUWWKHSDQLFOH3RU\]DHFDQLQIHFWWKHULFHSODQWDWYDULRXV
JURZWKVWDJH&LWHG RQ 2FWREHU @
$YDLODEOHIURPKWWSZZZEHULWDBLSWHNFRP
$VWLWL13$DQG'16XSUDSWD$QWLIXQJDO$FWLYLW\RI7HDN7HFWRQDJUDQGLV/)/HDI([WUDFW$JDLQVW
-RXUQDORI%LRORJ\$JULFXOWXUHDQG+HDOWKFDUHZZZLLVWHRUJ
,6613DSHU,661;2QOLQH
9RO1R
$UWKULQLXP 3KDHRVSHUPXP &RUGD0% (OOLV 7KH &DXVH RI :RRG 'HFD\ RQ $OEL]LD IDOFDWDULD
/)RVEHUJ-,66$$6
'MXQDHG\ $ %LRSHVWLVLGD VHEDJDL 3HQJHQGDOL 2UJDQLVPH 3HQJJDQJJX 7DQDPDQ 237 \DQJ 5DPDK
/LQJNXQJDQ-(PEU\R
*RPH] .$ GDQ $$ *RPH] 3URVHGXU6WDWLVWLN XQWXN 3HQHOLWLDQ 3HUWDQLDQ (GLVL NHGXD 3HQHUELW
8QLYHULVWDV,QGRQHVLD8,3UHVV
*RXUDPDQLV *' %LRORJLFDO DQG &KHPLFDO &RQWURO RI %ODVW 'HDVHDH 3\ULFXODULD RU\]DH LQ 1RUWKHUQ
*UHHFH-&KDWDLJQHU
+DMDQR-0/RGKL03KDWDQ0$.KDQ]DGDDQG*56KDK,Q9LWUR(YDOXDWLRQRI)XQJLFLGHV3ODQW
([WUDFWV%LR&RQWURO$JHQWV$JDLQVW5LFH%ODVW3KDWRJHQ0DJQRSKRUWKHRU\]DH&RXFK3DN-%RW
,55, 5LFH %ODVW 5LFH 6FLHQFH )RU D %HWWHU :RUOG 'LVLWLU 1RSHPEHU $YDLODEOH IUP
KWWSZZZNQRZOHGJHEDQNLUULRUJ
.DPDODNDQQDQ $ 9 6KDQPXJDQ 6 6XKHQGUDQ DQG 5 6ULQLYDVDQ $QWLIXQJDO 3URSHUWLHV RI SODQW
H[WUDFWV$JDLQVW3\ULFODULDRU\]DH5LFH%ODVW3KDWRJHQ,QGLDQ3\WRSDWK
0DM 6+ -RQHV 5 0DUVKDOO 5. -RKQVRQ DQG 60 +HFKW $ '1$GDPDJLQJ R[RDSRUSKLQH DONDORLG
IURP3LSHUFDQLQXP'HSDUWPHQWVRI&KHPLVWU\DQG%LRORJ\8QLYHUVLW\RI9LUJLQLD86$
0DSRUQ 3 3 3DL 9 3HWFKDUDW6 &KXHQFKLW 6 &KDNWKRQJ