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Pikiran Rakyat
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
o QPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
S e n in
o S e la s a o R a b u
17
2
18
O Jan
3
4
5
6
19
20
21
O P eb
o
Mar
O Apr
•
8
23
7
22
O M ei
a
O Jun
K a m is
o
9
10
24 ~
O Jul
o
Jumat
S a b tu
o
M in g g u
16
13
14
15
11
12
30
31
27
28
29
26
O Ags
O Sep
O O kt
_Nov
O D es
•
•
I
E N Y A K IT k a k i g a ja h
(F ila ria s is ) m e ru p a k a n
p e n y a k it d is e b a b k a n
o le h p a ra s it c a c in g fila ria , y a n g m e n y e ra n g
k e le n ja r d a n p e m b u lu h
g e ta h b e n in g (p e m b u lu h lim fe ). D i In d o n e s ia fila ria s is d ik a re n a k a n
je n is c a c in g y a itu W u c h e r e r ia
B r u g ia
m a la yi, d an B r u g ia
C a c in g je n is B r u g ia
g ia tim o r i d ite m u k a n
o le h tig a
b a n c r o ft i ,
tim o r i.
m a l a y i d a n Brup e rta m a k a li d i
In d o n e s ia . S e ja k 1 9 7 5 , p ro g ra m p e m b e ra n ta s a n p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h d il a k u k a n m e n c a k u p 1 .8 6 0 d a e r a h k a n to n g e n d e m is fila ria s is m e lip u ti 2 1 d a ri
2 7 p ro v in s i s e lu ru h In d o n e s ia . H a s il
y a n g d ic a p a i c u k u p m e m u a s k a n ,
p re v a le n s i p e n y a k it s e c a ra n y a ta tu ru n
d a r i 1 3 ,3 % m e n j a d i 3 ,2 9 % p a d a 1 9 8 7 .
N a m u n , p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h k e m b a li
m e n ja d i m a s a la h k e s e h a ta n s e ja k 1 9 9 0 .
K a s u s -k a s u s b a rn k e m b a li d ila p o rk a n d i
In d o n e s ia d a n d i b e b e ra p a n e g a ra d i
d u n ia . K in i, le b ih d a ri s a tu m ilia r m a n u s ia d i d u n ia d ila p o rk a n m e m ilik i ris ik o
m e n d e rita p e n y a k it in i d a n le b ih d a ri
1 2 0 ju ta o ra n g d i d u n ia d a ri 8 1 n e g a ra
te la h te rin fe k s i p e n y a k it in i, P a d a
2 0 0 0 , rib u a n d e s a d i In d o n e s ia d in y a ta k a n e n d e m is p e n y a k it in i d a n te rs e b a r
d i 2 6 p ro v in s i te rm a s u k J a w a B a ra t. P a d a 2 0 0 9 k a s u s k ro n is d e n g a n p e m b e n g k a k a n a n g g o ta tu b u h d ila p o rk a n
s e b a n y a k 1 1 .9 1 4 o r a n g , y a n g t e r s e b a r d i
b e rb a g a i k a b u p a te n fk o ta d i 3 3 p ro v in s i.
P e n y a k it in i m e n ja d i p e rh a tia n W H O
h in g g a d ite ta p k a n k e s e p a k a ta n g lo b a l
u n tu k m e m b e ra n ta s
2020
fila ria s is p a d a
(T h e G lo b a l G o a l o f E lim in a tio n
o f L ym p h a tic
F ila r ia s is a s a P u b lic
H e a lth p r o b le m
b y T h e Ye a r
2 0 2 0 ).
P e n u la ra n
P e rtu m b u h a n d a n p e rk e m b a n g a n
c a c in g fila ria , te rja d i p a d a d u a fa s e y a itu
fa s e d i tu b u h n y a m u k d a n p a d a m a n u s ia . N y a m u k b e rp e ra n s e b a g a i v e k to r
(p e n u la r) p e n y a k it. T u b u h n y a m u k
d ib u tu h k a n u n tu k p e rtu m b u h a n d a n
tra n s m is i c a c in g . S e w a k tu n y a m u k
m e n g h is a p d a ra h m a n u s ia , c a c in g fila ria s ta d iu m m ik ro fila ria y a n g a d a p a d a
d a ra h m a n u s ia ik u t te rte la n , d a n m a s u k
k e d a la m s a lu ra n p e n c e rn a a n n y a m u k .
M ik ro fila ria k e m u d ia n m e le p a s
s e lu b u n g n y a d a n m e n e m b u s la m b u n g
C A C IN G B r u g ia
n y a m u k m e n u ju o to t th o ra k s d i m a n a
m ik ro fila ria a k a n tu m b u h , b e rg a n ti
k u lit, d a n b e rk e m b a n g m e n ja d i la rv a in f e k t i f L i , 1 .2 , s e r t a t e r a k h i r m e n j a d i l a r v a i n f e k t i f s t a d i u m 3 (LB). N y a m u k t e r b a n g d a n m e n g h is a p d a ra h d a ri s a tu
m a n u s ia k e m a n u s ia la in , s a m b il m e n u l a r k a n c a c i n g s t a d i u m LB y a n g m a s u k
k e d a la m d a ra h m e la lu i lu k a o le h g ig ita n n y a m u k . L a rv a b e rm ig ra s i k e k e le n ja r lim fe y a n g te rd e k a t s e la n ju tn y a
m e n ja d i c a c in g d e w a s a d a la m w a k tu
s e k ira 6 -1 2 b u la n . S e te la h m e n ja d i d e w a s a , te rja d i k o p u la s i (k a w in ) c a c in g
b e tin a d a n c a c in g ja n ta n . S a tu e k o r e a c in g d e w a s a b e tin a d a la m s e h a ri d a p a t
m e n g e l u a r k a n h i n g g a 1 0 .0 0 0 m i k r o f i la ria ! C a c in g d e w a s a d a p a t h id u p
d a la m tu b u h m a n u s ia h in g g a 5 - 1 0
ta h u n d a n m e n y e b a b k a n b e rb a g a i
m a s a la h , k a re n a k e ru s a k a n p e m b u lu h
tim o r i.
*
lim fe d a n re s p o n s s is te m im u n y a n g d ih a s ilk a n .
G e ja la
a. G e ja la klin ik a ku t
G e ja la k lin ik a k u t te rja d i s e te la h 6 -1 6
b u la n s e ja k c a c in g m a s u k k e d a la m
tu b u h m a n u s ia le w a t c u c u k a n n y a m u k .
P a d a m u la n y a , g e ja la p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h d a p a t b e ru p a p e rn b e s a ra n /p e ra d a n g a n k e le n ja r g e ta h b e n in g (lirn fa d e n itis d a n lim fa n g itis ) d i s e k ita r
p a n g k a l p a h a , k e tia k a ta u d i b e la k a n g
lu tu t d is e rta i p a n a s tid a k b e g itu tin g g i
h ila n g tim b u l, n y e ri k e le n ja r, d a n le s u .
K e lu h a n b ia s a n y a te Ija d i s e te la h b e ra k tiv ita s . P a d a b e b e ra p a k a s u s s e ra n g a n
b is a h e b a t, s e h in g g a p e n d e rita tid a k d a p a t b e k e Ija s e la m a b e b e ra p a h a ri
b a h k a n d a p a t te rja d i a b s e s k e le n ja r,
m e m e c a h , m e m b e n tu k le k u k a n (u lk u s ),
d a n m e n in g g a lk a n p a ru t y a n g k h a s ,
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
1
s e te la h tig a m in g g u tig a b u la n . P a d a k a s u s y a n g rin g a n g e ja la a k u t s e rin g k a li
h a n y a d ia n g g a p re u m a tik d a n tid a k d ira s a k a n s e b a g a i s e s u a tu y a n g p e n tin g .
S e ra n g a n in i d a p a t te rja d i
12
x /ta h u n
s a m p a i b e b e ra p a k a li p e r b u la n .
b . CBA
G e ja la m e n a h u n
G e ja la m e n a h u n
te rja d i s e k ita r
4 -1 0
ta h u n , s e te la h s e ra n g a n a k u t p e rta m a .
G e ja la m e n a h u n
in i d ita n d a i d e n g a n
te rja d in y a p e m b e s a ra n
k a k i/p a h a /le n g a n /b u a h
z a k a r/p a y u -
d a ra y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n
cacat dan
m e n g g a n g g u a k tiv ita s p e n d e rita s e rta
m e m b e b a n i k e lu a rg a n y a . P a d a p e m e rik s a a n d a ra h ta h a p in i ja ra n g d ite in u k a n c a c in g s ta d iu m
m ik ro fila ria .
Endemisitas
h
E n d e m is ita s fila ria s is s u a tu d a e ra h
d ite n tu k a n
d e n g a n m e n e n tu k a n
m ic ro -
fila r ia l r a te (m fr a te ), Ac u te D is e a s e
R a te (AD R ), d a n C h r o n ic D is e a s e R a te
(C D R ). P e n g u k u ra n
d ila k u k a n d e n g a n
m e m e rik s a s e d ik itn y a
10
p e rse n d a ri
ju m la h p e n d u d u k . P e m e rik s a a n
d a ra h
y a n g b ia s a d ila k u k a n u n tu k p e n y a k it
k a k i g a ja h , b e rg a n tu n g
a d a a n c a c in g s ta d iu m
k e p a d a k e b e rm ik ro fila ria
d a la m d a ra h te p i a ta u d ik e n a l d e n g a n
p e rio d is ita s . U n ik n y a , p e rio d is ita s u n tu k fila ria s is d i In d o n e s ia p a lin g b a n y a k
m a la m h a ri (n o k tu rn a ), s e h in g g a p e m e rik s a a n
d a ra h d ila k u k a n p a d a
m a la m h a ri. S u a tu d a e ra h d in y a ta k a n
e n d e m is , b ila m in im a l d ite m u k a n lim a
o ra n g p o s itif m ik ro fila ria d a ri
500
pen-
d u d u k y a n g d ip e rik s a . P e n d e k a ta n
p ra k tis u n tu k m e n e n tu k a n d a e ra h e n d e m is fila ria s is , d a p a t ju g a d ila k u k a n
m e la lu i p e n e m u a n p e n d e rita y a n g s u d a h m e n u n ju k k a n b e n tu k k a k i
g a ja h / g e ja la m e n a h u n
(e le fa n tia s is ).
D e n g a n d ite m u k a n n y a
e le fa n tia s is d i a n ta ra
d a p a t d ip e rk ira k a n
s a tu p e n d e rita
1 .0 0 0
penduduk,
a d a s e p u lu h p e n -
d e rita k lin is a k u t d a n s e ra tu s y a n g
m ik ro fila re m ik (W H O ). H a l in i d ip e rh itu n g k a n d a ri la m a n y a p e rja la n a n
p e n y a k it u n tu k m e n c a p a i g e ja la e le fa n tia s is m e m b u tu h k a n
w a k tu
A rtin y a , p ro s e s p e n u la ra n
4 -1 0
ta h u n .
ke penduduk
s e k ita r o le h c u c u k a n n y a m u k d a ri
pen-
d e rita k e m a n u s ia la in s u d a h te rja d i s e la m a itu . ( D r .
Arnbar Sulianti,
M.Kes., p e m e r h a ti p e n ya kit tr o p is ,
m a h a s is w a 8-3 F K U n p a d ) ***
..;...~~~---
C AC IN G W u c h e r e r ia b a n c r o fti.
*
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
o QPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
S e n in
o S e la s a o R a b u
17
2
18
O Jan
3
4
5
6
19
20
21
O P eb
o
Mar
O Apr
•
8
23
7
22
O M ei
a
O Jun
K a m is
o
9
10
24 ~
O Jul
o
Jumat
S a b tu
o
M in g g u
16
13
14
15
11
12
30
31
27
28
29
26
O Ags
O Sep
O O kt
_Nov
O D es
•
•
I
E N Y A K IT k a k i g a ja h
(F ila ria s is ) m e ru p a k a n
p e n y a k it d is e b a b k a n
o le h p a ra s it c a c in g fila ria , y a n g m e n y e ra n g
k e le n ja r d a n p e m b u lu h
g e ta h b e n in g (p e m b u lu h lim fe ). D i In d o n e s ia fila ria s is d ik a re n a k a n
je n is c a c in g y a itu W u c h e r e r ia
B r u g ia
m a la yi, d an B r u g ia
C a c in g je n is B r u g ia
g ia tim o r i d ite m u k a n
o le h tig a
b a n c r o ft i ,
tim o r i.
m a l a y i d a n Brup e rta m a k a li d i
In d o n e s ia . S e ja k 1 9 7 5 , p ro g ra m p e m b e ra n ta s a n p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h d il a k u k a n m e n c a k u p 1 .8 6 0 d a e r a h k a n to n g e n d e m is fila ria s is m e lip u ti 2 1 d a ri
2 7 p ro v in s i s e lu ru h In d o n e s ia . H a s il
y a n g d ic a p a i c u k u p m e m u a s k a n ,
p re v a le n s i p e n y a k it s e c a ra n y a ta tu ru n
d a r i 1 3 ,3 % m e n j a d i 3 ,2 9 % p a d a 1 9 8 7 .
N a m u n , p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h k e m b a li
m e n ja d i m a s a la h k e s e h a ta n s e ja k 1 9 9 0 .
K a s u s -k a s u s b a rn k e m b a li d ila p o rk a n d i
In d o n e s ia d a n d i b e b e ra p a n e g a ra d i
d u n ia . K in i, le b ih d a ri s a tu m ilia r m a n u s ia d i d u n ia d ila p o rk a n m e m ilik i ris ik o
m e n d e rita p e n y a k it in i d a n le b ih d a ri
1 2 0 ju ta o ra n g d i d u n ia d a ri 8 1 n e g a ra
te la h te rin fe k s i p e n y a k it in i, P a d a
2 0 0 0 , rib u a n d e s a d i In d o n e s ia d in y a ta k a n e n d e m is p e n y a k it in i d a n te rs e b a r
d i 2 6 p ro v in s i te rm a s u k J a w a B a ra t. P a d a 2 0 0 9 k a s u s k ro n is d e n g a n p e m b e n g k a k a n a n g g o ta tu b u h d ila p o rk a n
s e b a n y a k 1 1 .9 1 4 o r a n g , y a n g t e r s e b a r d i
b e rb a g a i k a b u p a te n fk o ta d i 3 3 p ro v in s i.
P e n y a k it in i m e n ja d i p e rh a tia n W H O
h in g g a d ite ta p k a n k e s e p a k a ta n g lo b a l
u n tu k m e m b e ra n ta s
2020
fila ria s is p a d a
(T h e G lo b a l G o a l o f E lim in a tio n
o f L ym p h a tic
F ila r ia s is a s a P u b lic
H e a lth p r o b le m
b y T h e Ye a r
2 0 2 0 ).
P e n u la ra n
P e rtu m b u h a n d a n p e rk e m b a n g a n
c a c in g fila ria , te rja d i p a d a d u a fa s e y a itu
fa s e d i tu b u h n y a m u k d a n p a d a m a n u s ia . N y a m u k b e rp e ra n s e b a g a i v e k to r
(p e n u la r) p e n y a k it. T u b u h n y a m u k
d ib u tu h k a n u n tu k p e rtu m b u h a n d a n
tra n s m is i c a c in g . S e w a k tu n y a m u k
m e n g h is a p d a ra h m a n u s ia , c a c in g fila ria s ta d iu m m ik ro fila ria y a n g a d a p a d a
d a ra h m a n u s ia ik u t te rte la n , d a n m a s u k
k e d a la m s a lu ra n p e n c e rn a a n n y a m u k .
M ik ro fila ria k e m u d ia n m e le p a s
s e lu b u n g n y a d a n m e n e m b u s la m b u n g
C A C IN G B r u g ia
n y a m u k m e n u ju o to t th o ra k s d i m a n a
m ik ro fila ria a k a n tu m b u h , b e rg a n ti
k u lit, d a n b e rk e m b a n g m e n ja d i la rv a in f e k t i f L i , 1 .2 , s e r t a t e r a k h i r m e n j a d i l a r v a i n f e k t i f s t a d i u m 3 (LB). N y a m u k t e r b a n g d a n m e n g h is a p d a ra h d a ri s a tu
m a n u s ia k e m a n u s ia la in , s a m b il m e n u l a r k a n c a c i n g s t a d i u m LB y a n g m a s u k
k e d a la m d a ra h m e la lu i lu k a o le h g ig ita n n y a m u k . L a rv a b e rm ig ra s i k e k e le n ja r lim fe y a n g te rd e k a t s e la n ju tn y a
m e n ja d i c a c in g d e w a s a d a la m w a k tu
s e k ira 6 -1 2 b u la n . S e te la h m e n ja d i d e w a s a , te rja d i k o p u la s i (k a w in ) c a c in g
b e tin a d a n c a c in g ja n ta n . S a tu e k o r e a c in g d e w a s a b e tin a d a la m s e h a ri d a p a t
m e n g e l u a r k a n h i n g g a 1 0 .0 0 0 m i k r o f i la ria ! C a c in g d e w a s a d a p a t h id u p
d a la m tu b u h m a n u s ia h in g g a 5 - 1 0
ta h u n d a n m e n y e b a b k a n b e rb a g a i
m a s a la h , k a re n a k e ru s a k a n p e m b u lu h
tim o r i.
*
lim fe d a n re s p o n s s is te m im u n y a n g d ih a s ilk a n .
G e ja la
a. G e ja la klin ik a ku t
G e ja la k lin ik a k u t te rja d i s e te la h 6 -1 6
b u la n s e ja k c a c in g m a s u k k e d a la m
tu b u h m a n u s ia le w a t c u c u k a n n y a m u k .
P a d a m u la n y a , g e ja la p e n y a k it k a k i g a ja h d a p a t b e ru p a p e rn b e s a ra n /p e ra d a n g a n k e le n ja r g e ta h b e n in g (lirn fa d e n itis d a n lim fa n g itis ) d i s e k ita r
p a n g k a l p a h a , k e tia k a ta u d i b e la k a n g
lu tu t d is e rta i p a n a s tid a k b e g itu tin g g i
h ila n g tim b u l, n y e ri k e le n ja r, d a n le s u .
K e lu h a n b ia s a n y a te Ija d i s e te la h b e ra k tiv ita s . P a d a b e b e ra p a k a s u s s e ra n g a n
b is a h e b a t, s e h in g g a p e n d e rita tid a k d a p a t b e k e Ija s e la m a b e b e ra p a h a ri
b a h k a n d a p a t te rja d i a b s e s k e le n ja r,
m e m e c a h , m e m b e n tu k le k u k a n (u lk u s ),
d a n m e n in g g a lk a n p a ru t y a n g k h a s ,
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
1
s e te la h tig a m in g g u tig a b u la n . P a d a k a s u s y a n g rin g a n g e ja la a k u t s e rin g k a li
h a n y a d ia n g g a p re u m a tik d a n tid a k d ira s a k a n s e b a g a i s e s u a tu y a n g p e n tin g .
S e ra n g a n in i d a p a t te rja d i
12
x /ta h u n
s a m p a i b e b e ra p a k a li p e r b u la n .
b . CBA
G e ja la m e n a h u n
G e ja la m e n a h u n
te rja d i s e k ita r
4 -1 0
ta h u n , s e te la h s e ra n g a n a k u t p e rta m a .
G e ja la m e n a h u n
in i d ita n d a i d e n g a n
te rja d in y a p e m b e s a ra n
k a k i/p a h a /le n g a n /b u a h
z a k a r/p a y u -
d a ra y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n
cacat dan
m e n g g a n g g u a k tiv ita s p e n d e rita s e rta
m e m b e b a n i k e lu a rg a n y a . P a d a p e m e rik s a a n d a ra h ta h a p in i ja ra n g d ite in u k a n c a c in g s ta d iu m
m ik ro fila ria .
Endemisitas
h
E n d e m is ita s fila ria s is s u a tu d a e ra h
d ite n tu k a n
d e n g a n m e n e n tu k a n
m ic ro -
fila r ia l r a te (m fr a te ), Ac u te D is e a s e
R a te (AD R ), d a n C h r o n ic D is e a s e R a te
(C D R ). P e n g u k u ra n
d ila k u k a n d e n g a n
m e m e rik s a s e d ik itn y a
10
p e rse n d a ri
ju m la h p e n d u d u k . P e m e rik s a a n
d a ra h
y a n g b ia s a d ila k u k a n u n tu k p e n y a k it
k a k i g a ja h , b e rg a n tu n g
a d a a n c a c in g s ta d iu m
k e p a d a k e b e rm ik ro fila ria
d a la m d a ra h te p i a ta u d ik e n a l d e n g a n
p e rio d is ita s . U n ik n y a , p e rio d is ita s u n tu k fila ria s is d i In d o n e s ia p a lin g b a n y a k
m a la m h a ri (n o k tu rn a ), s e h in g g a p e m e rik s a a n
d a ra h d ila k u k a n p a d a
m a la m h a ri. S u a tu d a e ra h d in y a ta k a n
e n d e m is , b ila m in im a l d ite m u k a n lim a
o ra n g p o s itif m ik ro fila ria d a ri
500
pen-
d u d u k y a n g d ip e rik s a . P e n d e k a ta n
p ra k tis u n tu k m e n e n tu k a n d a e ra h e n d e m is fila ria s is , d a p a t ju g a d ila k u k a n
m e la lu i p e n e m u a n p e n d e rita y a n g s u d a h m e n u n ju k k a n b e n tu k k a k i
g a ja h / g e ja la m e n a h u n
(e le fa n tia s is ).
D e n g a n d ite m u k a n n y a
e le fa n tia s is d i a n ta ra
d a p a t d ip e rk ira k a n
s a tu p e n d e rita
1 .0 0 0
penduduk,
a d a s e p u lu h p e n -
d e rita k lin is a k u t d a n s e ra tu s y a n g
m ik ro fila re m ik (W H O ). H a l in i d ip e rh itu n g k a n d a ri la m a n y a p e rja la n a n
p e n y a k it u n tu k m e n c a p a i g e ja la e le fa n tia s is m e m b u tu h k a n
w a k tu
A rtin y a , p ro s e s p e n u la ra n
4 -1 0
ta h u n .
ke penduduk
s e k ita r o le h c u c u k a n n y a m u k d a ri
pen-
d e rita k e m a n u s ia la in s u d a h te rja d i s e la m a itu . ( D r .
Arnbar Sulianti,
M.Kes., p e m e r h a ti p e n ya kit tr o p is ,
m a h a s is w a 8-3 F K U n p a d ) ***
..;...~~~---
C AC IN G W u c h e r e r ia b a n c r o fti.
*