Overcoming My Difficulties in Handling Pupils with Separation Anxiety During Their First Week of School as a Teacher Assistant at TKK Trimulia HITS.
ABSTRACT
Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, saya melakukan analisis masalah yang saya hadapi
ketika melakukan program magang di TKK TRIMULIA HITS, yaitu kesulitan
saya dalam menangani anak-anak yang memiliki kecemasan untuk dipisahkan
dengan orang tuanya (bersekolah sendiri) selama minggu pertama di sekolah.
Objek yang saya observasi adalah anak-anak kelas Nursery Fantastic Fish (NFF)
di TKK TRIMULIA HITS.
Berdasarkan analisis saya, masalah ini terjadi karena anak-anak yang tidak
familiar dengan guru-guru atau staf sekolah, jumlah kelas yang terlalu besar dan
saya yang tidak memiliki kemampuan dalam mengajar anak-anak. Hal ini juga
memberikan beberapa dampak negatif kepada anak-anak, yang pertama adalah
anak-anak tidak mau pergi ke sekolah dan aktivitas yang sudah dibuat oleh para
guru pun tidak dapat berjalan sesuai yang telah direncanakan.
Saya menyampaikan tiga solusi yang berpotensi untuk menangani masalah ini.
Solusi pertama adalah saya akan mencoba bekerja sama dengan orang tua untuk
menemani anak-anak mereka di kelas pada minggu pertama. Solusi kedua adalah
saya akan mencoba untuk berbicara kepada pihak sekolah untuk mengurangi
jumlah kelas yang terlalu besar. Dan solusi yang ketiga adalah saya akan mencoba
memperkenalkan rutinitas-rutinitas di sekolah kepada anak-anak. Setelah
melakukan analisis, saya menentukan bahwa solusi yang terbaik adalah dengan
menggabungkan ketiga solusi tersebut. Diharapkan dengan melakukan ketiga
solusi tersebut masalah yang saya hadapi dapat diselesaikan.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................1
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Background of the Study.............................................................................. 1
Identification of the Problem ....................................................................... 2
Objectives and Benefits of the Study ........................................................... 2
Description of the Institution ....................................................................... 3
Method of the Study ..................................................................................... 4
Limitation of the Study ................................................................................ 4
Organization of the Term Paper ................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS ..................................................................6
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS ...........................................................9
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................14
REFERENCES
APPENDICES:
A. FLOWCHART
B. INTERNSHIP JOURNAL
iv
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
From 28th July 2015 until 25th August 2015, I had my internship in TKK
TRIMULIA HITS. My position was as a teacher assistant. My duties were to
help the teachers in the class, accompany the pupils, and help the teachers to
prepare the material. I helped the Nursery Fantastic Fish (NFF) class, which
has 24 pupils and 2 home teachers.
The pupils in the NFF class are three to four years old. For most of them,
NFF class is their first experience to go to school, so they are not ready
enough to be in the new environment which they have not known before. This
condition can make them feel anxious. Based on the article Don't send
children to school at four, warn experts (n.d.), it is stated that four years old
children “… may not be ready for the environment they encounter in the
reception class, which will include having to deal not only with a curriculum
that may not be tailored to their needs but also with a number of social and
emotional adjustments. These factors may cause stress and anxiety (para. 7).
When doing my internship, the pupils were anxious about going to school.
Most of the pupils were crying and some even had tantrum.Based on Akdağ
1
Maranatha Christian University
and Haser (n.d.), it is said that on the first day many children cried “...First
week passed with crying children and separation anxiety” (para. 25). I believe
this topic is important to be discussed because according to Akdağ and Haser
(n.d.), “The first day of the class has long lasting effect on students. When
students experience a positive first day, they have positive attitude towards
both the course and the instructor, feel more motivated, and even have higher
grades. On the contrary, students with negative first day experience feel
less motivated even when the instructor behave kindly throughout the
course” (para. 2). The quotation made me concerned about this problem
because this problem is usually should be handled by all the teachers. The
same condition happened during my internship. The pupils in NFF class did
not want to go to school and felt afraid to be separated from their parents.
Therefore, in order to make this problem easier to be handled, I chose this
problem to be discussed in my paper.
B. Identification of the Problem
1. Why did the pupils have separation anxiety in their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS?
2. How did the separation anxiety affect the pupils?
3. How can this problem be solved?
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
By doing this study, I want to find out the causes and effects of my
problem in handling pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of
2
Maranatha Christian University
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS. I will try to find the best solution to handle
the pupils with separation anxiety. Therefore, not only I but also the teachers
in TKK TRIMULIA HITS and the readers of this paper (people who want to
do an internship, students who want to be a teacher) will know how to solve
this kind of problem. I hope this paper can inspire those who have the same
problem I have experienced.
D. Description of the Institution
Based on Trimulia’s Website (n.d), it is said that Sekolah Kristen Trimulia
was founded by Rev. Caleb Tong on June 1st, 1972. This school’s vision is to
become an excellent Christian educational institution, which prioritizes Faith,
Integrity and Knowledge. The mission of this school is to provide Christian
based education which is holistic, integrative, and transformative, through the
development of professional sources and current facilities. Sekolah Kristen
Trimulia has Love, Integrity, Responsibility, Discipline, and Hope as its
values.
This school held the first teaching and learning activities for preschool and
elementary school level on the ground floor of the church building, GII Hok Im
Tong, which is located on Jalan Gardujati number 51. Since the number of
students was increasing, the elementary class was moved to a new location on
Jalan Kebonjati number 145. The location of the kindergarten was then moved
to Jalan Sudirman number 208. In 1978, they began to establish a Junior High
School because the first generation had entered the 6th grade. The location of
the Junior High School was together with the elementary school building. After
3
Maranatha Christian University
that they established the Senior High School on Jalan Gardujati number 51.
Because of the increasing number of students, in 1988 the location of the
Junior and Senior High School was moved again to Jalan Dr. Djunjunan No.
105. Nowadays, Sekolah Trimulia has changed their school program to become
a “HITS” program (Holistic Integrative Transformative School) which uses
English as the language of instruction.
At the moment, TKK TRIMULIA HITS has 8 classes, 2 pre nursery classes,
3 nursery classes, 3 kindergarten-1 classes and 3 kindergarten-2 classes with 2
homeroom teachers. Therefore, it has 35 teachers who are led by Ms. Santy as
the principle.
E. Method of the Study
I did both library and field research for doing the study. I collected theories
from reference books and electronic sources. As for the field research, I
observed the pupils in the school and I put the observation data in my daily
internship journal.
F. Limitation of the Study
The subject of my analysis is 24 pupils in NFF class. I focus on the three to
four-year-old pupils who have separation anxiety during their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS.
4
Maranatha Christian University
G. Organization of the Term Paper
This paper begins with an Abstract, a summary of the paper in Indonesian.
It is followed by of Declaration of Originality, Acknowledgements, and Table
of Contents. The main content of this paper consists of four chapters. Chapter
One is the Introduction and is divided into seven parts. The first part is
Background of the Study, which describes why I want to discuss the problem.
The second part is Identification of the Problem. This part consists of three
questions that I should answer in the next chapter. The third part is Objectives
and Benefits of the Study, explaining the purpose of the study and some
benefits, not only for me but also for the readers. The fourth part is
Description of the Institution, which describes TKK TRIMULIA HITS. In the
fifth part, Method of the Study, I mention how the study was done. The sixth
part is Limitation of the Study; presenting how I limit the subject of
discussion. The last part is Organization of the Term Paper. This part is a
summary of the content of my Term Paper. Chapter Two explains the cause
and the effects of my problem. Then, Chapter Three describes three potential
solutions, with the analysis of the potential positive and negative effects of
them. Furthermore, the last chapter is Conclusion, in which I discuss the best
solutions to solve the problem. The term paper ends with References and
Appendices.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
After doing the analysis of the problem, I find that there are three causes of my
difficulties in handling pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS. The first cause is the pupils were not familiar
with teachers and school staffs, the second is the class size was too large and the
third cause is I had no experience in teaching pupils. This problem also caused
two effects. The first is the pupils did not want to go to school and the second, the
activities in the first week did not run in order. I try to propose three potential
solutions to solve the problem. The first potential solution is I will cooperate with
the parents to stay in the class, the second is the school should reduce the class
size, and the third is I should introduce school routines to the pupils.
After studying these three potential solutions, I decide that the best solution to
handle pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of school is
combining all these three potential solutions. For the first week, I will let the
parents stay in the class and sit at the back of the class or beside their own child to
make the pupils feel comfortable in the class. Then for the next week, I will let the
parents leave them step by step. For example stay outside the class but still can be
seen by the pupils with the door open. The next is letting the parents stay quite
14
Maranatha Christian University
far from the class but still in the school area. Hopefully, by doing this, the pupils
can feel secure at school and the parents can leave their pupils in the school by
themselves. In the first week, I will also introduce the routines. I will never give
up on telling the same things to the pupils in order to make them remember and
feel confident at school and make it easier for them to learn. Lastly, I will try to
tell the principal to add more teachers. In order to minimize the cost, the
additional teachers can only come in the first few weeks to help the home teacher
handle the pupils in the class. I hope that doing these three potential solutions can
reduce pupils’ separation anxiety and make the students enjoy being at school,
especially on the first few days.
Upon finishing the term paper, I expect that my difficulties in handling pupils
with separation anxiety during their first week of school in TKK TRIMULIA
HITS can be solved. The teachers and readers can try to apply these solutions
when they experience or meet the pupils with separation anxiety. In my opinion,
potential solution one and two can be directly applied by the teachers and the
school. However for potential solution three, I think the school can invite more
students to do internship in the school to help in the first weeks. By doing so, the
school can get more help and the internship students also can get experience in
handling new pupils in the school.
15
Maranatha Christian University
REFERENCES
Printed Sources
Gibbs, O. E., & Kennedy, V. R. (1993). Preschool and kindergarten discipline.
California: The association of christian schools international.
Schulman, N., & Birnbaum, E. (2008). Practical wisdom for parents. Vintage
Books.
Shoor, M. L. (1995). A handbook for first year teacher. Englewood: Greenwood.
Stronge, J. H., Tucker, P. D., & Hindman, J. L. (2004). Handbook for qualities of
effective teachers. Alexandria: Association for supervision and curriculum
development.
Electronic Sources
Akdağ, Z., & Haser, Ç. (n.d.). Experiences of First Day of Teaching. The Online
Journal of New Horizons in Education , 25-31.
Barnes, C. (2015, August 13). 5 Routines You Must Establish and Maintain.
Retrieved from The Determined Teacher:
http://www.thedeterminedteacher.com/2015/08/03/5-routines-you-mustestablish-and-maintain/
Maranatha Christian University
Fit? Nieer , 1-12.
Higgins, J. (2014, October 28). Does class size matter? Research reveals
surprises. Retrieved from The Seattle Times:
http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/does-class-sizematter-research-reveals-surprises/
Preparing your child for preschool. (n.d.). Retrieved from babycentre.:
http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a554854/preparing-your-child-forpreschool#ixzz3kSY6CmSP
Reinen, K. B. (n.d.). Early childhood teacher. Retrieved from How to Organize
for the First Day of Kindergarten: A Guide For New and Veteran
Teachers: http://www.earlychildhoodteacher.org/how-to-organize-for-thefirst-day-of-kindergarten-a-guide-for-new-and-veteran-teachers/
Sejarah Trimulia. (2013). Retrieved from Sekolah Kristen Trimulia:
http://www.sekolahtrimulia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=art
icle&id=4&Itemid=5
Stewart, D. J. (2012, January 6). The importance of a predictable routine in
preschool. Retrieved from Teach Preschool:
http://www.teachpreschool.org/2012/01/the-importance-of-a-predictableroutine-in-preschool/
Maranatha Christian University
Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, saya melakukan analisis masalah yang saya hadapi
ketika melakukan program magang di TKK TRIMULIA HITS, yaitu kesulitan
saya dalam menangani anak-anak yang memiliki kecemasan untuk dipisahkan
dengan orang tuanya (bersekolah sendiri) selama minggu pertama di sekolah.
Objek yang saya observasi adalah anak-anak kelas Nursery Fantastic Fish (NFF)
di TKK TRIMULIA HITS.
Berdasarkan analisis saya, masalah ini terjadi karena anak-anak yang tidak
familiar dengan guru-guru atau staf sekolah, jumlah kelas yang terlalu besar dan
saya yang tidak memiliki kemampuan dalam mengajar anak-anak. Hal ini juga
memberikan beberapa dampak negatif kepada anak-anak, yang pertama adalah
anak-anak tidak mau pergi ke sekolah dan aktivitas yang sudah dibuat oleh para
guru pun tidak dapat berjalan sesuai yang telah direncanakan.
Saya menyampaikan tiga solusi yang berpotensi untuk menangani masalah ini.
Solusi pertama adalah saya akan mencoba bekerja sama dengan orang tua untuk
menemani anak-anak mereka di kelas pada minggu pertama. Solusi kedua adalah
saya akan mencoba untuk berbicara kepada pihak sekolah untuk mengurangi
jumlah kelas yang terlalu besar. Dan solusi yang ketiga adalah saya akan mencoba
memperkenalkan rutinitas-rutinitas di sekolah kepada anak-anak. Setelah
melakukan analisis, saya menentukan bahwa solusi yang terbaik adalah dengan
menggabungkan ketiga solusi tersebut. Diharapkan dengan melakukan ketiga
solusi tersebut masalah yang saya hadapi dapat diselesaikan.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................1
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Background of the Study.............................................................................. 1
Identification of the Problem ....................................................................... 2
Objectives and Benefits of the Study ........................................................... 2
Description of the Institution ....................................................................... 3
Method of the Study ..................................................................................... 4
Limitation of the Study ................................................................................ 4
Organization of the Term Paper ................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS ..................................................................6
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS ...........................................................9
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................14
REFERENCES
APPENDICES:
A. FLOWCHART
B. INTERNSHIP JOURNAL
iv
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
From 28th July 2015 until 25th August 2015, I had my internship in TKK
TRIMULIA HITS. My position was as a teacher assistant. My duties were to
help the teachers in the class, accompany the pupils, and help the teachers to
prepare the material. I helped the Nursery Fantastic Fish (NFF) class, which
has 24 pupils and 2 home teachers.
The pupils in the NFF class are three to four years old. For most of them,
NFF class is their first experience to go to school, so they are not ready
enough to be in the new environment which they have not known before. This
condition can make them feel anxious. Based on the article Don't send
children to school at four, warn experts (n.d.), it is stated that four years old
children “… may not be ready for the environment they encounter in the
reception class, which will include having to deal not only with a curriculum
that may not be tailored to their needs but also with a number of social and
emotional adjustments. These factors may cause stress and anxiety (para. 7).
When doing my internship, the pupils were anxious about going to school.
Most of the pupils were crying and some even had tantrum.Based on Akdağ
1
Maranatha Christian University
and Haser (n.d.), it is said that on the first day many children cried “...First
week passed with crying children and separation anxiety” (para. 25). I believe
this topic is important to be discussed because according to Akdağ and Haser
(n.d.), “The first day of the class has long lasting effect on students. When
students experience a positive first day, they have positive attitude towards
both the course and the instructor, feel more motivated, and even have higher
grades. On the contrary, students with negative first day experience feel
less motivated even when the instructor behave kindly throughout the
course” (para. 2). The quotation made me concerned about this problem
because this problem is usually should be handled by all the teachers. The
same condition happened during my internship. The pupils in NFF class did
not want to go to school and felt afraid to be separated from their parents.
Therefore, in order to make this problem easier to be handled, I chose this
problem to be discussed in my paper.
B. Identification of the Problem
1. Why did the pupils have separation anxiety in their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS?
2. How did the separation anxiety affect the pupils?
3. How can this problem be solved?
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
By doing this study, I want to find out the causes and effects of my
problem in handling pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of
2
Maranatha Christian University
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS. I will try to find the best solution to handle
the pupils with separation anxiety. Therefore, not only I but also the teachers
in TKK TRIMULIA HITS and the readers of this paper (people who want to
do an internship, students who want to be a teacher) will know how to solve
this kind of problem. I hope this paper can inspire those who have the same
problem I have experienced.
D. Description of the Institution
Based on Trimulia’s Website (n.d), it is said that Sekolah Kristen Trimulia
was founded by Rev. Caleb Tong on June 1st, 1972. This school’s vision is to
become an excellent Christian educational institution, which prioritizes Faith,
Integrity and Knowledge. The mission of this school is to provide Christian
based education which is holistic, integrative, and transformative, through the
development of professional sources and current facilities. Sekolah Kristen
Trimulia has Love, Integrity, Responsibility, Discipline, and Hope as its
values.
This school held the first teaching and learning activities for preschool and
elementary school level on the ground floor of the church building, GII Hok Im
Tong, which is located on Jalan Gardujati number 51. Since the number of
students was increasing, the elementary class was moved to a new location on
Jalan Kebonjati number 145. The location of the kindergarten was then moved
to Jalan Sudirman number 208. In 1978, they began to establish a Junior High
School because the first generation had entered the 6th grade. The location of
the Junior High School was together with the elementary school building. After
3
Maranatha Christian University
that they established the Senior High School on Jalan Gardujati number 51.
Because of the increasing number of students, in 1988 the location of the
Junior and Senior High School was moved again to Jalan Dr. Djunjunan No.
105. Nowadays, Sekolah Trimulia has changed their school program to become
a “HITS” program (Holistic Integrative Transformative School) which uses
English as the language of instruction.
At the moment, TKK TRIMULIA HITS has 8 classes, 2 pre nursery classes,
3 nursery classes, 3 kindergarten-1 classes and 3 kindergarten-2 classes with 2
homeroom teachers. Therefore, it has 35 teachers who are led by Ms. Santy as
the principle.
E. Method of the Study
I did both library and field research for doing the study. I collected theories
from reference books and electronic sources. As for the field research, I
observed the pupils in the school and I put the observation data in my daily
internship journal.
F. Limitation of the Study
The subject of my analysis is 24 pupils in NFF class. I focus on the three to
four-year-old pupils who have separation anxiety during their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS.
4
Maranatha Christian University
G. Organization of the Term Paper
This paper begins with an Abstract, a summary of the paper in Indonesian.
It is followed by of Declaration of Originality, Acknowledgements, and Table
of Contents. The main content of this paper consists of four chapters. Chapter
One is the Introduction and is divided into seven parts. The first part is
Background of the Study, which describes why I want to discuss the problem.
The second part is Identification of the Problem. This part consists of three
questions that I should answer in the next chapter. The third part is Objectives
and Benefits of the Study, explaining the purpose of the study and some
benefits, not only for me but also for the readers. The fourth part is
Description of the Institution, which describes TKK TRIMULIA HITS. In the
fifth part, Method of the Study, I mention how the study was done. The sixth
part is Limitation of the Study; presenting how I limit the subject of
discussion. The last part is Organization of the Term Paper. This part is a
summary of the content of my Term Paper. Chapter Two explains the cause
and the effects of my problem. Then, Chapter Three describes three potential
solutions, with the analysis of the potential positive and negative effects of
them. Furthermore, the last chapter is Conclusion, in which I discuss the best
solutions to solve the problem. The term paper ends with References and
Appendices.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
After doing the analysis of the problem, I find that there are three causes of my
difficulties in handling pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of
school in TKK TRIMULIA HITS. The first cause is the pupils were not familiar
with teachers and school staffs, the second is the class size was too large and the
third cause is I had no experience in teaching pupils. This problem also caused
two effects. The first is the pupils did not want to go to school and the second, the
activities in the first week did not run in order. I try to propose three potential
solutions to solve the problem. The first potential solution is I will cooperate with
the parents to stay in the class, the second is the school should reduce the class
size, and the third is I should introduce school routines to the pupils.
After studying these three potential solutions, I decide that the best solution to
handle pupils with separation anxiety during their first week of school is
combining all these three potential solutions. For the first week, I will let the
parents stay in the class and sit at the back of the class or beside their own child to
make the pupils feel comfortable in the class. Then for the next week, I will let the
parents leave them step by step. For example stay outside the class but still can be
seen by the pupils with the door open. The next is letting the parents stay quite
14
Maranatha Christian University
far from the class but still in the school area. Hopefully, by doing this, the pupils
can feel secure at school and the parents can leave their pupils in the school by
themselves. In the first week, I will also introduce the routines. I will never give
up on telling the same things to the pupils in order to make them remember and
feel confident at school and make it easier for them to learn. Lastly, I will try to
tell the principal to add more teachers. In order to minimize the cost, the
additional teachers can only come in the first few weeks to help the home teacher
handle the pupils in the class. I hope that doing these three potential solutions can
reduce pupils’ separation anxiety and make the students enjoy being at school,
especially on the first few days.
Upon finishing the term paper, I expect that my difficulties in handling pupils
with separation anxiety during their first week of school in TKK TRIMULIA
HITS can be solved. The teachers and readers can try to apply these solutions
when they experience or meet the pupils with separation anxiety. In my opinion,
potential solution one and two can be directly applied by the teachers and the
school. However for potential solution three, I think the school can invite more
students to do internship in the school to help in the first weeks. By doing so, the
school can get more help and the internship students also can get experience in
handling new pupils in the school.
15
Maranatha Christian University
REFERENCES
Printed Sources
Gibbs, O. E., & Kennedy, V. R. (1993). Preschool and kindergarten discipline.
California: The association of christian schools international.
Schulman, N., & Birnbaum, E. (2008). Practical wisdom for parents. Vintage
Books.
Shoor, M. L. (1995). A handbook for first year teacher. Englewood: Greenwood.
Stronge, J. H., Tucker, P. D., & Hindman, J. L. (2004). Handbook for qualities of
effective teachers. Alexandria: Association for supervision and curriculum
development.
Electronic Sources
Akdağ, Z., & Haser, Ç. (n.d.). Experiences of First Day of Teaching. The Online
Journal of New Horizons in Education , 25-31.
Barnes, C. (2015, August 13). 5 Routines You Must Establish and Maintain.
Retrieved from The Determined Teacher:
http://www.thedeterminedteacher.com/2015/08/03/5-routines-you-mustestablish-and-maintain/
Maranatha Christian University
Fit? Nieer , 1-12.
Higgins, J. (2014, October 28). Does class size matter? Research reveals
surprises. Retrieved from The Seattle Times:
http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/does-class-sizematter-research-reveals-surprises/
Preparing your child for preschool. (n.d.). Retrieved from babycentre.:
http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a554854/preparing-your-child-forpreschool#ixzz3kSY6CmSP
Reinen, K. B. (n.d.). Early childhood teacher. Retrieved from How to Organize
for the First Day of Kindergarten: A Guide For New and Veteran
Teachers: http://www.earlychildhoodteacher.org/how-to-organize-for-thefirst-day-of-kindergarten-a-guide-for-new-and-veteran-teachers/
Sejarah Trimulia. (2013). Retrieved from Sekolah Kristen Trimulia:
http://www.sekolahtrimulia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=art
icle&id=4&Itemid=5
Stewart, D. J. (2012, January 6). The importance of a predictable routine in
preschool. Retrieved from Teach Preschool:
http://www.teachpreschool.org/2012/01/the-importance-of-a-predictableroutine-in-preschool/
Maranatha Christian University