Optimasi Sterilisasi Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Energi Gelombang Mikro: Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengarhi Generasi Panas
LAMPIRAN A
HASIL UJI ANOVA
Tabel A.1 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Temperatur
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
608,174
608,174
410,411
189,151
8,611
24,675
632,849
Adj MS
202,725
202,725
410,411
189,151
8,611
6,169
F-Value
32,86
32,86
66,53
30,66
1,40
P-Value
0,003
0,003
0,001
0,005
0,303
T-Value
64,90
-8,16
5,54
1,18
P-Value
0,000
0,001
0,005
0,303
Model Summary
S
2,48370
R-sq
96,10%
R-sq(adj)
93,18%
R-sq(pred)
84,40%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
-14,325
9,725
2,075
Coef
56,987
-7,163
4,863
1,037
SE Coef
0,878
0,878
0,878
0,878
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Temperatur = 56,987 - 7,163 Massa Sampel + 4,863 Daya + 1,037 Waktu
106
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel A.2 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Moisture Loss
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
152,56
152,56
40,95
80,01
31,60
21,21
173,77
Adj MS
50,855
50,855
40,951
80,011
31,601
5,301
F-Value
9,59
9,59
7,72
15,09
5,96
P-Value
0,027
0,027
0,050
0,018
0,071
Model Summary
S
2,30244
R-sq
87,80%
R-sq(adj)
78,64%
R-sq(pred)
51,19%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
-4,525
6,325
3,975
Coef
5,813
-2,262
3,162
1,988
SE Coef
0,814
0,814
0,814
0,814
T-Value
7,14
-2,78
3,88
2,44
P-Value
0,002
0,050
0,018
0,071
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Moisture loss = 5,813 - 2,262 Massa Sampel + 3,162 Daya + 1,988 Waktu
107
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel A.3 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Kadar FFA
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
1,1791
1,1791
0,1485
0,6903
0,3403
1,7696
2,9487
Adj MS
0,3930
0,3930
0,1485
0,6903
0,3403
0,4424
F-Value
0,89
0,89
0,34
1,56
0,77
P-Value
0,519
0,519
0,593
0,280
0,430
Model Summary
S
0,665122
R-sq
39,99%
R-sq(adj)
0,00%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
0,272
-0,588
0,413
Coef
0,999
0,136
-0,294
0,206
SE Coef
0,235
0,235
0,235
0,235
T-Value
4,25
0,58
-1,25
0,88
P-Value
0,013
0,593
0,280
0,430
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
FFA = 0,999 + 0,136 Massa Sampel - 0,294 Daya + 0,206 Waktu
108
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel A.4 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Temperatur
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
1186,26
1021,40
219,71
537,21
264,48
140,97
0,04
139,74
0,30
23,89
13,26
10,35
0,28
946,31
519,24
427,07
2132,57
Adj MS
131,806
340,465
219,710
537,209
264,476
46,989
0,045
139,735
0,299
7,965
13,261
10,351
0,281
94,631
103,849
85,414
F-Value
1,39
3,60
2,32
5,68
2,79
0,50
0,00
1,48
0,00
0,08
0,14
0,11
0,00
P-Value
0,306
0,054
0,159
0,038
0,126
0,693
0,983
0,252
0,956
0,967
0,716
0,748
0,958
1,22
0,418
Model Summary
S
9,72786
R-sq
55,63%
R-sq(adj)
15,69%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
-8,02
62,17
-4,01
3,97
2,63
15,67
-1,52
0,000
0,159
12,54
6,27
2,63
2,38
0,038
8,80
4,40
2,63
1,67
0,126
-0,11
-0,06
2,56
-0,02
0,983
-6,23
-3,11
2,56
-1,22
0,252
-0,29
-0,14
2,56
-0,06
0,956
-2,57
-1,29
3,44
-0,37
0,716
2,27
1,14
3,44
0,33
0,748
-0,37
-0,19
3,44
-0,05
0,958
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Temperatur = 62,17 - 4,01 Massa Sampel + 6,27 Daya + 4,40 Waktu
- 0,06 Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel - 3,11 Daya*Daya
- 0,14 Waktu*Waktu
- 1,29 Massa Sampel*Daya + 1,14 Massa Sampel*Waktu
- 0,19 Daya*Waktu
109
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel A.5 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Moisture Loss
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
475,374
404,113
170,382
135,448
98,283
50,337
46,934
0,142
4,324
20,924
10,811
7,801
2,311
59,265
58,255
1,010
534,639
Adj MS
52,819
134,704
170,382
135,448
98,283
16,779
46,934
0,142
4,324
6,975
10,811
7,801
2,311
5,926
11,651
0,202
F-Value
8,91
22,73
28,75
22,85
16,58
2,83
7,92
0,02
0,73
1,18
1,82
1,32
0,39
P-Value
0,001
0,000
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,093
0,018
0,880
0,413
0,367
0,207
0,278
0,546
57,66
0,000
Model Summary
S
2,43444
R-sq
88,91%
R-sq(adj)
78,94%
R-sq(pred)
17,03%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
-7,064
4,494
-3,532
0,993
0,659
4,53
-5,36
0,001
0,000
6,299
3,149
0,659
4,78
0,001
5,365
2,683
0,659
4,07
0,002
3,609
1,805
0,641
2,81
0,018
-0,198
-0,099
0,641
-0,15
0,880
1,096
0,548
0,641
0,85
0,413
-2,325
-1,162
0,861
-1,35
0,207
-1,975
-0,988
0,861
-1,15
0,278
1,075
0,538
0,861
0,62
0,546
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Moisture loss = 4,494 - 3,532 Massa Sampel + 3,149 Daya + 2,683 Waktu
+ 1,805 Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel - 0,099 Daya*Daya
+ 0,548 Waktu*Waktu
- 1,162 Massa Sampel*Daya - 0,988 Massa Sampel*Waktu
+ 0,538 Daya*Waktu
110
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel A.6 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Kadar FFA
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
32,3603
13,0574
0,0020
13,0151
0,0403
18,3462
0,8979
16,3643
0,0091
0,9567
0,0036
0,6903
0,2628
15,0531
14,2934
0,7598
47,4134
Adj MS
3,5956
4,3525
0,0020
13,0151
0,0403
6,1154
0,8979
16,3643
0,0091
0,3189
0,0036
0,6903
0,2628
1,5053
2,8587
0,1520
F-Value
2,39
2,89
0,00
8,65
0,03
4,06
0,60
10,87
0,01
0,21
0,00
0,46
0,17
P-Value
0,096
0,089
0,972
0,015
0,873
0,040
0,458
0,008
0,940
0,886
0,962
0,514
0,685
18,81
0,003
Model Summary
S
1,22691
R-sq
68,25%
R-sq(adj)
39,68%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
0,024
0,640
0,012
0,500
0,332
1,28
0,04
0,230
0,972
-1,952
-0,976
0,332
-2,94
0,015
0,109
0,054
0,332
0,16
0,873
-0,499
-0,250
0,323
-0,77
0,458
2,131
1,066
0,323
3,30
0,008
-0,050
-0,025
0,323
-0,08
0,940
-0,042
-0,021
0,434
-0,05
0,962
0,588
0,294
0,434
0,68
0,514
-0,363
-0,181
0,434
-0,42
0,685
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
FFA = 0,640 +
- 0,250 Massa
+ 1,066
+ 0,294
0,012 Massa Sampel - 0,976 Daya + 0,054 Waktu
Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya - 0,025 Waktu*Waktu - 0,021 Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu - 0,181 Daya*Waktu
111
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LAMPIRAN B
TABEL UJI KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV
Tabel B.1 Nilai Statistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Jumlah
Percobaan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0,10
0,95000
0,77639
0,63604
0,56522
0,50945
0,46799
0,43607
0,40962
0,38746
0,36866
Derajat signifikan, α
0,05
0,02
0,975000
0,99000
0,84189
0,90000
0,70760
0,78456
0,62394
0,68887
0,56328
0,62718
0,51926
0,57741
0,48342
0,53844
0,45427
0,50654
0,43001
0,47960
0,40925
0,45662
0,01
0,99500
0,92929
0,82900
0,73424
0,66853
0,61661
0,57581
0,54179
0,51332
0,48893
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0,35242
0,33815
0,32549
0,31417
0,30397
0,29472
0,28627
0,27851
0,27136
0,26473
0,39122
0,37543
0,36143
0,34890
0,33760
0,32733
0,31796
0,30936
0,30143
0,29408
0,43670
0,41918
0,40362
0,38970
0,37713
0,36571
0,35528
0,34569
0,33685
0,32866
0,46770
0,44905
0,43247
0,41762
0,40420
0,39201
0,38086
0,37062
0,36117
0,35241
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0,25858
0,25283
0,24746
0,24242
0,23768
0,23320
0,22898
0,22497
0,22117
0,21756
0,28724
0,28087
0,27490
0,26931
0,26404
0,25907
0,25438
0,24993
0,24571
0,24170
0,32104
0,31394
0,30728
0,30104
0,29516
0,28962
0,28438
0,27942
0,27471
0,27023
0,34427
0,33666
0,32954
0,32286
0,31657
0,31064
0,30502
0,29971
0,29466
0,28987
112
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Jumlah
Percobaan
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40b
,
N > 40 ≈ �
b
/
Derajat signifikan, α
0,05
0,02
0,23788
0,26596
0,23424
0,26189
0,23076
0,25801
0,22743
0,25429
0,22425
0,26073
0,22119
0,24732
0,21826
0,24404
0,21544
0,24089
0,21273
0,23786
0,21012
0,23494
0,10
0,21412
0,21085
0,20771
0,20472
0,20185
0,19910
0,19646
0,19392
0,19148
0,18913
,
,�
/
,
,�
/
,
, dan �
/
0,01
0,28530
0,28094
0,27677
0,27279
0,26897
0,26532
0,26180
0,25843
0,25518
0,25205
untuk masing-masing derajat signifikan
(O’Connor dan Kleyner, 2012)
113
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LAMPIRAN C
HASIL UJI T BERPASANGAN
Tabel C.1 Data Temperatur Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Temperatur
Eksperimen (oC)
76,3
44,2
53,0
63,9
59,3
55,7
70,9
69,7
42,1
79,8
69,9
48,3
57,6
65,3
51,8
58,4
65,4
66,4
51,1
49,0
Temperatur
Prediksi (oC)
62,1676
44,1331
62,1676
68,7559
62,1676
65,1781
67,3488
73,5001
42,8123
69,1613
63,9082
55,5844
51,8550
62,1676
62,1676
58,7564
55,2646
62,1676
54,4768
54,3592
Residual
14,1324
0,0669
-9,1676
-4,8559
-2,8676
-9,4781
3,5512
-3,8001
-0,7123
10,6387
5,9918
-7,2844
5,745
3,1324
-10,3676
-0,3564
10,1354
4,2324
-3,3768
-5,3592
Tabel C.2 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Temperatur Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for T prediksi - T eksperimen
T prediksi
T eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
59,90
59,90
-0,00
StDev
7,90
10,59
7,06
SE Mean
1,77
2,37
1,58
95% CI for mean difference: (-3,30; 3,30)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = -0,00
1,000
P-Value =
114
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel C.3 Data Moisture Loss Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Moisture Loss
Eksperimen (%)
4,2
0,9
5,07
19,88
4,67
6,9
8,7
16,1
0,27
13,53
10,8
2,2
1,5
4,4
4,44
6
1,96
3,73
4,2
1,2
Moisture Loss
Prediksi (%)
4,49393
0,07056
4,49393
15,53856
4,49393
7,43442
10,38338
18,79867
-1,08319
10,55491
9,50969
2,38585
2,83481
4,49393
4,49393
9,10011
3,65795
4,49393
2,96913
1,53160
Residual
-0,29393
0,82944
0,57607
4,34144
0,17607
-0,53442
-1,68338
-2,69867
1,35319
2,97509
1,29031
-0,18585
-1,33481
-0,09393
-0,05393
-3,10011
-1,69795
-0,76393
1,23087
-0,3316
Tabel C.4 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Moisture Loss Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for Moisture Loss prediksi - Moisture Loss eksperimen
Moisture Loss prediksi
Moisture Loss eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
6,03
6,03
0,000
StDev
5,00
5,30
1,766
SE Mean
1,12
1,19
0,395
95% CI for mean difference: (-0,827; 0,827)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = 0,00
P-Value = 1,000
115
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Tabel C.5 Data Kadar FFA Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
FFA Eksperimen (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0,36
0,45
1,09
0,82
1,00
0,82
0,54
0,64
7,53
0,91
1,00
2,45
1,36
0,73
0,18
0,91
0,27
0,27
0,82
1,45
FFA Prediksi
(%)
0,63995
1,91107
0,63995
-0,08638
0,63995
0,61227
0,88446
0,0431
5,29574
0,66029
2,01214
2,96971
2,4319
0,63995
0,63995
2,31554
-0,04574
0,63995
0,27863
0,47758
Residual
-0,27995
-1,46107
0,45005
0,90638
0,36005
0,20773
-0,34446
0,59690
2,23426
0,24971
-1,01214
-0,51971
-1,07190
0,09005
-0,45995
-1,40554
0,31574
-0,36995
0,54137
0,97242
Tabel C.6 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Kadar FFA Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for FFA prediksi - FFA eksperimen
FFA prediksi
FFA eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
1,180
1,180
0,000
StDev
1,305
1,580
0,890
SE Mean
0,292
0,353
0,199
95% CI for mean difference: (-0,417; 0,417)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = 0,00
P-Value = 1,000
116
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LAMPIRAN D
TABEL DISTRIBUSI T
Tabel D.1 Nilai Kritis T
Derajat Signifikan
Uji 2
sampel
Uji 1
sampel
10%
5%
2%
1%
0,2%
0,1%
5%
2,5%
1%
0,5%
0,1%
0,05%
1
2
3
4
5
6,314
2,920
2,353
2,132
2,015
12,706
4,303
3,182
2,776
2,571
31,821
6,965
4,541
3,747
3,365
63,657 318,309 636,619
9,925 22,327 31,599
5,841 10,215 12,924
4,604
7,173
8,610
4,032
5,893
6,869
6
7
8
9
10
1,943
1,894
1,860
1,833
1,812
2,447
2,365
2,306
2,262
2,228
3,143
2,998
2,896
2,821
2,764
3,707
3,499
3,355
3,250
3,169
5,208
4,785
4,501
4,297
4,144
5,959
5,408
5,041
4,781
4,587
11
12
13
14
15
1,796
1,782
1,771
1,761
1,753
2,201
2,179
2,160
2,145
2,131
2,718
2,681
2,650
2,624
2,602
3,106
3,055
3,012
2,977
2,947
4,025
3,930
3,852
3,787
3,733
4,437
4,318
4,221
4,140
4,073
16
17
18
19
20
1,746
1,740
1,734
1,729
1,725
2,120
2,110
2,101
2,093
2,086
2,583
2,567
2,552
2,539
2,528
2,921
2,898
2,878
2,861
2,845
3,686
3,646
3,610
3,579
3,552
4,015
3,965
3,922
3,883
3,850
21
22
23
24
25
1,721
1,717
1,714
1,711
1,708
2,080
2,074
2,069
2,064
2,060
2,518
2,508
2,500
2,492
2,485
2,831
2,819
2,807
2,797
2,787
3,527
3,505
3,485
3,467
3,450
3,819
3,792
3,768
3,745
3,725
26
27
28
29
30
1,706
1,703
1,701
1,699
1,697
2,056
2,052
2,048
2,045
2,042
2,479
2,473
2,467
2,462
2,457
2,779
2,771
2,763
2,756
2,750
3,435
3,421
3,408
3,396
3,385
3,707
3,690
3,674
3,659
3,646
Derajat
Kebebasan
117
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Derajat Signifikan
Uji 2
sampel
Uji 1
sampel
10%
5%
2%
1%
0,2%
0,1%
5%
2,5%
1%
0,5%
0,1%
0,05%
32
34
36
38
40
1,694
1,691
1,688
1,686
1,684
2,037
2,032
2,028
2,024
2,021
2,449
2,441
2,434
2,429
2,423
2,738
2,728
2,719
2,712
2,704
3,365
3,348
3,333
3,319
3,307
3,622
3,601
3,582
3,566
3,551
42
44
46
48
50
1,682
1,680
1,679
1,677
1,676
2,018
2,015
2,013
2,011
2,009
2,418
2,414
2,410
2,407
2,403
2,698
2,692
2,687
2,682
2,678
3,296
3,286
3,277
3,269
3,261
3,538
3,526
3,515
3,505
3,496
60
70
80
90
100
1,671
1,667
1,664
1,662
1,660
2,000
1,994
1,990
1,987
1,984
2,390
2,381
2,374
2,368
2,364
2,660
2,648
2,639
2,632
2,626
3,232
3,211
3,195
3,183
3,174
3,460
3,435
3,416
3,402
3,390
120
150
200
300
400
1,658
1,655
1,653
1,650
1,649
1,980
1,976
1,972
1,968
1,966
2,358
2,351
2,345
2,339
2,336
2,617
2,609
2,601
2,592
2,588
3,160
3,145
3,131
3,118
3,111
3,373
3,357
3,340
3,323
3,315
1,648
1,647
1,645
1,965
1,964
1,960
2,334
2,333
2,326
2,586
2,584
2,576
3,107
3,104
3,090
3,310
3,307
3,291
Derajat
Kebebasan
500
600
∞
(Dougherty, 2001)
118
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LAMPIRAN E
DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
Gambar E.1 Microwave Oven
Gambar E.2 Hydraulic Press
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Gambar E.3 Buah Kelapa Sawit
Gambar E.4 Sterilisasi Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Energi Gelombang Mikro
120
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Gambar E.5 Buah Kelapa Sawit Setelah Sterilisasi
Gambar E.6 Pengempaan Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Hydraulic Press
121
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Gambar E.7 Buah Kelapa Sawit setelah Dikempa dengan Hydraulic Press
Gambar E.8 Minyak Sawit Hasil dari Hydraulic Press
122
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Gambar E.9 Analisa Kadar FFA
123
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HASIL UJI ANOVA
Tabel A.1 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Temperatur
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
608,174
608,174
410,411
189,151
8,611
24,675
632,849
Adj MS
202,725
202,725
410,411
189,151
8,611
6,169
F-Value
32,86
32,86
66,53
30,66
1,40
P-Value
0,003
0,003
0,001
0,005
0,303
T-Value
64,90
-8,16
5,54
1,18
P-Value
0,000
0,001
0,005
0,303
Model Summary
S
2,48370
R-sq
96,10%
R-sq(adj)
93,18%
R-sq(pred)
84,40%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
-14,325
9,725
2,075
Coef
56,987
-7,163
4,863
1,037
SE Coef
0,878
0,878
0,878
0,878
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Temperatur = 56,987 - 7,163 Massa Sampel + 4,863 Daya + 1,037 Waktu
106
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Tabel A.2 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Moisture Loss
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
152,56
152,56
40,95
80,01
31,60
21,21
173,77
Adj MS
50,855
50,855
40,951
80,011
31,601
5,301
F-Value
9,59
9,59
7,72
15,09
5,96
P-Value
0,027
0,027
0,050
0,018
0,071
Model Summary
S
2,30244
R-sq
87,80%
R-sq(adj)
78,64%
R-sq(pred)
51,19%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
-4,525
6,325
3,975
Coef
5,813
-2,262
3,162
1,988
SE Coef
0,814
0,814
0,814
0,814
T-Value
7,14
-2,78
3,88
2,44
P-Value
0,002
0,050
0,018
0,071
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Moisture loss = 5,813 - 2,262 Massa Sampel + 3,162 Daya + 1,988 Waktu
107
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Tabel A.3 Output Minitab ANOVA Pengaruh Massa, Daya, dan Waktu terhadap
Kadar FFA
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Error
Total
DF
3
3
1
1
1
4
7
Adj SS
1,1791
1,1791
0,1485
0,6903
0,3403
1,7696
2,9487
Adj MS
0,3930
0,3930
0,1485
0,6903
0,3403
0,4424
F-Value
0,89
0,89
0,34
1,56
0,77
P-Value
0,519
0,519
0,593
0,280
0,430
Model Summary
S
0,665122
R-sq
39,99%
R-sq(adj)
0,00%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
Constant
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Effect
0,272
-0,588
0,413
Coef
0,999
0,136
-0,294
0,206
SE Coef
0,235
0,235
0,235
0,235
T-Value
4,25
0,58
-1,25
0,88
P-Value
0,013
0,593
0,280
0,430
VIF
1,00
1,00
1,00
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
FFA = 0,999 + 0,136 Massa Sampel - 0,294 Daya + 0,206 Waktu
108
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Tabel A.4 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Temperatur
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
1186,26
1021,40
219,71
537,21
264,48
140,97
0,04
139,74
0,30
23,89
13,26
10,35
0,28
946,31
519,24
427,07
2132,57
Adj MS
131,806
340,465
219,710
537,209
264,476
46,989
0,045
139,735
0,299
7,965
13,261
10,351
0,281
94,631
103,849
85,414
F-Value
1,39
3,60
2,32
5,68
2,79
0,50
0,00
1,48
0,00
0,08
0,14
0,11
0,00
P-Value
0,306
0,054
0,159
0,038
0,126
0,693
0,983
0,252
0,956
0,967
0,716
0,748
0,958
1,22
0,418
Model Summary
S
9,72786
R-sq
55,63%
R-sq(adj)
15,69%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
-8,02
62,17
-4,01
3,97
2,63
15,67
-1,52
0,000
0,159
12,54
6,27
2,63
2,38
0,038
8,80
4,40
2,63
1,67
0,126
-0,11
-0,06
2,56
-0,02
0,983
-6,23
-3,11
2,56
-1,22
0,252
-0,29
-0,14
2,56
-0,06
0,956
-2,57
-1,29
3,44
-0,37
0,716
2,27
1,14
3,44
0,33
0,748
-0,37
-0,19
3,44
-0,05
0,958
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Temperatur = 62,17 - 4,01 Massa Sampel + 6,27 Daya + 4,40 Waktu
- 0,06 Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel - 3,11 Daya*Daya
- 0,14 Waktu*Waktu
- 1,29 Massa Sampel*Daya + 1,14 Massa Sampel*Waktu
- 0,19 Daya*Waktu
109
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Tabel A.5 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Moisture Loss
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
475,374
404,113
170,382
135,448
98,283
50,337
46,934
0,142
4,324
20,924
10,811
7,801
2,311
59,265
58,255
1,010
534,639
Adj MS
52,819
134,704
170,382
135,448
98,283
16,779
46,934
0,142
4,324
6,975
10,811
7,801
2,311
5,926
11,651
0,202
F-Value
8,91
22,73
28,75
22,85
16,58
2,83
7,92
0,02
0,73
1,18
1,82
1,32
0,39
P-Value
0,001
0,000
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,093
0,018
0,880
0,413
0,367
0,207
0,278
0,546
57,66
0,000
Model Summary
S
2,43444
R-sq
88,91%
R-sq(adj)
78,94%
R-sq(pred)
17,03%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
-7,064
4,494
-3,532
0,993
0,659
4,53
-5,36
0,001
0,000
6,299
3,149
0,659
4,78
0,001
5,365
2,683
0,659
4,07
0,002
3,609
1,805
0,641
2,81
0,018
-0,198
-0,099
0,641
-0,15
0,880
1,096
0,548
0,641
0,85
0,413
-2,325
-1,162
0,861
-1,35
0,207
-1,975
-0,988
0,861
-1,15
0,278
1,075
0,538
0,861
0,62
0,546
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
Moisture loss = 4,494 - 3,532 Massa Sampel + 3,149 Daya + 2,683 Waktu
+ 1,805 Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel - 0,099 Daya*Daya
+ 0,548 Waktu*Waktu
- 1,162 Massa Sampel*Daya - 0,988 Massa Sampel*Waktu
+ 0,538 Daya*Waktu
110
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Tabel A.6 Output Minitab Analisis Persamaan Model Kadar FFA
Analysis of Variance
Source
Model
Linear
Massa Sampel
Daya
Waktu
Square
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya
Waktu*Waktu
2-Way Interaction
Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu
Daya*Waktu
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total
DF
9
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
10
5
5
19
Adj SS
32,3603
13,0574
0,0020
13,0151
0,0403
18,3462
0,8979
16,3643
0,0091
0,9567
0,0036
0,6903
0,2628
15,0531
14,2934
0,7598
47,4134
Adj MS
3,5956
4,3525
0,0020
13,0151
0,0403
6,1154
0,8979
16,3643
0,0091
0,3189
0,0036
0,6903
0,2628
1,5053
2,8587
0,1520
F-Value
2,39
2,89
0,00
8,65
0,03
4,06
0,60
10,87
0,01
0,21
0,00
0,46
0,17
P-Value
0,096
0,089
0,972
0,015
0,873
0,040
0,458
0,008
0,940
0,886
0,962
0,514
0,685
18,81
0,003
Model Summary
S
1,22691
R-sq
68,25%
R-sq(adj)
39,68%
R-sq(pred)
0,00%
Coded Coefficients
Term
VIF
Constant
Massa Sampel
1,00
Daya
1,00
Waktu
1,00
Massa Sampel*Massa Sampel
1,02
Daya*Daya
1,02
Waktu*Waktu
1,02
Massa Sampel*Daya
1,00
Massa Sampel*Waktu
1,00
Daya*Waktu
1,00
Effect
Coef
SE Coef
T-Value
P-Value
0,024
0,640
0,012
0,500
0,332
1,28
0,04
0,230
0,972
-1,952
-0,976
0,332
-2,94
0,015
0,109
0,054
0,332
0,16
0,873
-0,499
-0,250
0,323
-0,77
0,458
2,131
1,066
0,323
3,30
0,008
-0,050
-0,025
0,323
-0,08
0,940
-0,042
-0,021
0,434
-0,05
0,962
0,588
0,294
0,434
0,68
0,514
-0,363
-0,181
0,434
-0,42
0,685
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
FFA = 0,640 +
- 0,250 Massa
+ 1,066
+ 0,294
0,012 Massa Sampel - 0,976 Daya + 0,054 Waktu
Sampel*Massa Sampel
Daya*Daya - 0,025 Waktu*Waktu - 0,021 Massa Sampel*Daya
Massa Sampel*Waktu - 0,181 Daya*Waktu
111
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LAMPIRAN B
TABEL UJI KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV
Tabel B.1 Nilai Statistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Jumlah
Percobaan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0,10
0,95000
0,77639
0,63604
0,56522
0,50945
0,46799
0,43607
0,40962
0,38746
0,36866
Derajat signifikan, α
0,05
0,02
0,975000
0,99000
0,84189
0,90000
0,70760
0,78456
0,62394
0,68887
0,56328
0,62718
0,51926
0,57741
0,48342
0,53844
0,45427
0,50654
0,43001
0,47960
0,40925
0,45662
0,01
0,99500
0,92929
0,82900
0,73424
0,66853
0,61661
0,57581
0,54179
0,51332
0,48893
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0,35242
0,33815
0,32549
0,31417
0,30397
0,29472
0,28627
0,27851
0,27136
0,26473
0,39122
0,37543
0,36143
0,34890
0,33760
0,32733
0,31796
0,30936
0,30143
0,29408
0,43670
0,41918
0,40362
0,38970
0,37713
0,36571
0,35528
0,34569
0,33685
0,32866
0,46770
0,44905
0,43247
0,41762
0,40420
0,39201
0,38086
0,37062
0,36117
0,35241
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0,25858
0,25283
0,24746
0,24242
0,23768
0,23320
0,22898
0,22497
0,22117
0,21756
0,28724
0,28087
0,27490
0,26931
0,26404
0,25907
0,25438
0,24993
0,24571
0,24170
0,32104
0,31394
0,30728
0,30104
0,29516
0,28962
0,28438
0,27942
0,27471
0,27023
0,34427
0,33666
0,32954
0,32286
0,31657
0,31064
0,30502
0,29971
0,29466
0,28987
112
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Jumlah
Percobaan
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40b
,
N > 40 ≈ �
b
/
Derajat signifikan, α
0,05
0,02
0,23788
0,26596
0,23424
0,26189
0,23076
0,25801
0,22743
0,25429
0,22425
0,26073
0,22119
0,24732
0,21826
0,24404
0,21544
0,24089
0,21273
0,23786
0,21012
0,23494
0,10
0,21412
0,21085
0,20771
0,20472
0,20185
0,19910
0,19646
0,19392
0,19148
0,18913
,
,�
/
,
,�
/
,
, dan �
/
0,01
0,28530
0,28094
0,27677
0,27279
0,26897
0,26532
0,26180
0,25843
0,25518
0,25205
untuk masing-masing derajat signifikan
(O’Connor dan Kleyner, 2012)
113
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LAMPIRAN C
HASIL UJI T BERPASANGAN
Tabel C.1 Data Temperatur Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Temperatur
Eksperimen (oC)
76,3
44,2
53,0
63,9
59,3
55,7
70,9
69,7
42,1
79,8
69,9
48,3
57,6
65,3
51,8
58,4
65,4
66,4
51,1
49,0
Temperatur
Prediksi (oC)
62,1676
44,1331
62,1676
68,7559
62,1676
65,1781
67,3488
73,5001
42,8123
69,1613
63,9082
55,5844
51,8550
62,1676
62,1676
58,7564
55,2646
62,1676
54,4768
54,3592
Residual
14,1324
0,0669
-9,1676
-4,8559
-2,8676
-9,4781
3,5512
-3,8001
-0,7123
10,6387
5,9918
-7,2844
5,745
3,1324
-10,3676
-0,3564
10,1354
4,2324
-3,3768
-5,3592
Tabel C.2 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Temperatur Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for T prediksi - T eksperimen
T prediksi
T eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
59,90
59,90
-0,00
StDev
7,90
10,59
7,06
SE Mean
1,77
2,37
1,58
95% CI for mean difference: (-3,30; 3,30)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = -0,00
1,000
P-Value =
114
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Tabel C.3 Data Moisture Loss Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Moisture Loss
Eksperimen (%)
4,2
0,9
5,07
19,88
4,67
6,9
8,7
16,1
0,27
13,53
10,8
2,2
1,5
4,4
4,44
6
1,96
3,73
4,2
1,2
Moisture Loss
Prediksi (%)
4,49393
0,07056
4,49393
15,53856
4,49393
7,43442
10,38338
18,79867
-1,08319
10,55491
9,50969
2,38585
2,83481
4,49393
4,49393
9,10011
3,65795
4,49393
2,96913
1,53160
Residual
-0,29393
0,82944
0,57607
4,34144
0,17607
-0,53442
-1,68338
-2,69867
1,35319
2,97509
1,29031
-0,18585
-1,33481
-0,09393
-0,05393
-3,10011
-1,69795
-0,76393
1,23087
-0,3316
Tabel C.4 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Moisture Loss Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for Moisture Loss prediksi - Moisture Loss eksperimen
Moisture Loss prediksi
Moisture Loss eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
6,03
6,03
0,000
StDev
5,00
5,30
1,766
SE Mean
1,12
1,19
0,395
95% CI for mean difference: (-0,827; 0,827)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = 0,00
P-Value = 1,000
115
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Tabel C.5 Data Kadar FFA Eksperimen dan Prediksi
No.
FFA Eksperimen (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0,36
0,45
1,09
0,82
1,00
0,82
0,54
0,64
7,53
0,91
1,00
2,45
1,36
0,73
0,18
0,91
0,27
0,27
0,82
1,45
FFA Prediksi
(%)
0,63995
1,91107
0,63995
-0,08638
0,63995
0,61227
0,88446
0,0431
5,29574
0,66029
2,01214
2,96971
2,4319
0,63995
0,63995
2,31554
-0,04574
0,63995
0,27863
0,47758
Residual
-0,27995
-1,46107
0,45005
0,90638
0,36005
0,20773
-0,34446
0,59690
2,23426
0,24971
-1,01214
-0,51971
-1,07190
0,09005
-0,45995
-1,40554
0,31574
-0,36995
0,54137
0,97242
Tabel C.6 Hasil Uji T Berpasangan: Kadar FFA Eksperimen dan Prediksi
Paired T for FFA prediksi - FFA eksperimen
FFA prediksi
FFA eksperimen
Difference
N
20
20
20
Mean
1,180
1,180
0,000
StDev
1,305
1,580
0,890
SE Mean
0,292
0,353
0,199
95% CI for mean difference: (-0,417; 0,417)
T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs ≠ 0): T-Value = 0,00
P-Value = 1,000
116
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LAMPIRAN D
TABEL DISTRIBUSI T
Tabel D.1 Nilai Kritis T
Derajat Signifikan
Uji 2
sampel
Uji 1
sampel
10%
5%
2%
1%
0,2%
0,1%
5%
2,5%
1%
0,5%
0,1%
0,05%
1
2
3
4
5
6,314
2,920
2,353
2,132
2,015
12,706
4,303
3,182
2,776
2,571
31,821
6,965
4,541
3,747
3,365
63,657 318,309 636,619
9,925 22,327 31,599
5,841 10,215 12,924
4,604
7,173
8,610
4,032
5,893
6,869
6
7
8
9
10
1,943
1,894
1,860
1,833
1,812
2,447
2,365
2,306
2,262
2,228
3,143
2,998
2,896
2,821
2,764
3,707
3,499
3,355
3,250
3,169
5,208
4,785
4,501
4,297
4,144
5,959
5,408
5,041
4,781
4,587
11
12
13
14
15
1,796
1,782
1,771
1,761
1,753
2,201
2,179
2,160
2,145
2,131
2,718
2,681
2,650
2,624
2,602
3,106
3,055
3,012
2,977
2,947
4,025
3,930
3,852
3,787
3,733
4,437
4,318
4,221
4,140
4,073
16
17
18
19
20
1,746
1,740
1,734
1,729
1,725
2,120
2,110
2,101
2,093
2,086
2,583
2,567
2,552
2,539
2,528
2,921
2,898
2,878
2,861
2,845
3,686
3,646
3,610
3,579
3,552
4,015
3,965
3,922
3,883
3,850
21
22
23
24
25
1,721
1,717
1,714
1,711
1,708
2,080
2,074
2,069
2,064
2,060
2,518
2,508
2,500
2,492
2,485
2,831
2,819
2,807
2,797
2,787
3,527
3,505
3,485
3,467
3,450
3,819
3,792
3,768
3,745
3,725
26
27
28
29
30
1,706
1,703
1,701
1,699
1,697
2,056
2,052
2,048
2,045
2,042
2,479
2,473
2,467
2,462
2,457
2,779
2,771
2,763
2,756
2,750
3,435
3,421
3,408
3,396
3,385
3,707
3,690
3,674
3,659
3,646
Derajat
Kebebasan
117
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Derajat Signifikan
Uji 2
sampel
Uji 1
sampel
10%
5%
2%
1%
0,2%
0,1%
5%
2,5%
1%
0,5%
0,1%
0,05%
32
34
36
38
40
1,694
1,691
1,688
1,686
1,684
2,037
2,032
2,028
2,024
2,021
2,449
2,441
2,434
2,429
2,423
2,738
2,728
2,719
2,712
2,704
3,365
3,348
3,333
3,319
3,307
3,622
3,601
3,582
3,566
3,551
42
44
46
48
50
1,682
1,680
1,679
1,677
1,676
2,018
2,015
2,013
2,011
2,009
2,418
2,414
2,410
2,407
2,403
2,698
2,692
2,687
2,682
2,678
3,296
3,286
3,277
3,269
3,261
3,538
3,526
3,515
3,505
3,496
60
70
80
90
100
1,671
1,667
1,664
1,662
1,660
2,000
1,994
1,990
1,987
1,984
2,390
2,381
2,374
2,368
2,364
2,660
2,648
2,639
2,632
2,626
3,232
3,211
3,195
3,183
3,174
3,460
3,435
3,416
3,402
3,390
120
150
200
300
400
1,658
1,655
1,653
1,650
1,649
1,980
1,976
1,972
1,968
1,966
2,358
2,351
2,345
2,339
2,336
2,617
2,609
2,601
2,592
2,588
3,160
3,145
3,131
3,118
3,111
3,373
3,357
3,340
3,323
3,315
1,648
1,647
1,645
1,965
1,964
1,960
2,334
2,333
2,326
2,586
2,584
2,576
3,107
3,104
3,090
3,310
3,307
3,291
Derajat
Kebebasan
500
600
∞
(Dougherty, 2001)
118
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LAMPIRAN E
DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
Gambar E.1 Microwave Oven
Gambar E.2 Hydraulic Press
119
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Gambar E.3 Buah Kelapa Sawit
Gambar E.4 Sterilisasi Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Energi Gelombang Mikro
120
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Gambar E.5 Buah Kelapa Sawit Setelah Sterilisasi
Gambar E.6 Pengempaan Buah Kelapa Sawit dengan Hydraulic Press
121
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Gambar E.7 Buah Kelapa Sawit setelah Dikempa dengan Hydraulic Press
Gambar E.8 Minyak Sawit Hasil dari Hydraulic Press
122
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Gambar E.9 Analisa Kadar FFA
123
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