T FIS 1302848 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN...............................................................................................
i
PERNYATAAN................................................................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH.............................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................
xi
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...........................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah.....................................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah...............................................................................................
5
C. Batasan Masalah….............................................................................................
6
D. Definisi Operasional...........................................................................................
6
E. Tujuan Penelitian…............................................................................................
7
F. Manfaat Penelitian…..........................................................................................
8
BAB II. Kajian Pustaka, Kerangka Pikir Penelitian, dan Hipotesis Penelitian.................
9
A. Kajian Pustaka....................................................................................................
9
1. Pembelajaran Fisika.......................................................................................
9
2. Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving .................................
11
3. Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning ................................................................
20
4. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................................
23
5. Hubungan Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving dengan
Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah.........................
26
6. Deskripsi Materi Suhu dan Kalor..................................................................
28
7. Penelitian yang Relevan ...............................................................................
39
B. Kerangka Pikir Penelitian...................................................................................
39
C. Hipotesis Penelitian............................................................................................
40
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................................
42
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ...........................................................................
42
B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian..........................................................................
42
C. Variabel Penelitian .............................................................................................
43
D. Langkah-langkah Penelitian ...............................................................................
43
E. Instrumen Penelitian ...........................................................................................
46
F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................
48
G. Teknik Analisis Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................
49
H. Hasil Validitas dan Uji coba Instrumen............................................................
52
I. Teknik Analisis Data............................................................................................
58
BAB IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................
62
A. Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................................................
62
1. Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning ................................................................
62
2. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa............................................
68
3. Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and
problem solving..............................................................................................
72
4. Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving........
73
5. Korelasi antara Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dengan Kemampuan
75
Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................................................
B. Pembahasan .....................................................................................................
75
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI.........................................................
85
A. Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................
85
B. Rekomendasi ....................................................................................................
85
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................
88
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
2.1 Hubungan antara Model Reasoning and Problem Solving dengan
Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah............................
2.2 Deskripsi Materi Kalor dalam Kurikulum 2013..............................................
27
3.1 Pola Pelitian Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design..............
42
3.2
Rubrik Penskoran Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.......................................
46
3.3
3.4
Teknik Pengumpulan Data................................................................................
Interpretasi Reliabilitas......................................................................................
48
3.5
Klasifikasi Indeks Daya Beda............................................................................
51
3.6
Klasifikasi Tingkat Kemudahan Soal................................................................
52
3.7
Saran Perbaikan Dari Tenaga Ahli untuk Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning
dan Pemecahan Masalah...................................................................................
53
3.8
Hasil Analisis Terhadap Uji Coba Instrumen Tes Scientific Reasoning...........
54
3.9
Hasil Analisis Terhadap Uji Coba Instrumen Tes Pemecahan Masalah...........
55
3.10 Kategori Tingkat N-gain....................................................................................
57
3.11 Kategori Koefisien Korelasi..............................................................................
60
3.12 Kategori Tanggapan Siswa................................................................................
60
3.13 Kriteria Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran...................................................
61
4.1 Uji Normalitas N-gain Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning................................
64
4.2 Uji Homogenitas N-gain Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning.............................
65
4.3 Uji Perbedaan Dua Rerata Skor N-gain Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning...........................................................................................................
4.4 Uji Normalitas N-gain Pemecahan Masalah......................................................
65
4.5
Uji Homogenitas N-gain Pemecahan Masalah..................................................
70
4.6 Uji Perbedaan Dua Rerata Skor N-gain Pemecahan Masalah...........................
71
4.7 Rekapitualasi Tanggapan siswa Terhadap Penerapan Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving........................................................................
73
29
50
70
74
4.8 Persentase Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem
Solving................................................................................................................
75
4.9 Uji Korelasi Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Kemampuan Pemecahan
Masalah..............................................................................................................
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
2.1
Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran Model Reasoning dan Problem Solving.........
18
2.2
Ember, Teko Berisi Air, dan Kompor................................................................
31
2.3
Masakan Sup.....................................................................................................
32
2.4
Grafik Pemanasan dalam Perubahan Wujud Zat..............................................
33
2.5
Pemanasan pada Salah Satu Ujung Logam.......................................................
35
2.6
Proses Perpindahan Kalor secara Konduksi......................................................
36
3.1 Bagan Alur Penelitian........................................................................................
45
3.2 Diagram Alur Pengujian....................................................................................
4.1 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning.....................................................
59
4.2 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning Siswa Persub Materi....................
66
4.3 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning Siswa Perindikator.......................
67
4.4 Diagram Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................
68
4.5 Diagram Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Per Sub Materi.................
72
63
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
Halaman
A.
PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN.......................................................................
92
A.1
Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) ......................................................
92
A.2
Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS)..............................................................................
122
B.
INSTRUMEN TES...........................................................................................
154
B.1
Kisi-Kisi Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning...........................................................
154
B.2 Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning...........................................................................
165
B.3 Kisi-Kisi Soal Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................................
B.4 Soal Tes Pemecahan Masalah...........................................................................
172
B.5
Lembar Jawaban Tes Scientific Reasoning.......................................................
183
B.6
Lemabar Judgment (Validasi) Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning..........................
184
B.7
Hasil Uji Coba Tes Scientific Reasoning..........................................................
185
B.8
Lembar Judgment (Validasi) Soal Pemecahan Masalah...................................
193
B.9
Hasil Uji Coba Tes Pemecahan Masalah..........................................................
194
B.10. Distribusi Skor Uji Coba Soal Scientific reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah
200
C.
INSTRUMEN NON TES.................................................................................
206
C.1
C.3
207
Skala Sikap Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving.......................................................................
209
Hasil Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving.......................................................................
Lembar Observasi Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran............................................. 211
C.4
Hasil Observasi Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran................................................. 211
D.
DATA PENELITIAN TES SCIENTIFIC REASONING DAN PEMECAHAN
MASALAH........................................................................................................
C.2
180
217
217
D.1 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning Secara
Keseluruhan......................................................................................................
D.2 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning Per Sub
222
Materi................................................................................................................
224
D.3 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning
Perindikator......................................................................................................
D.4 Uji Statistik Tes Scientific Reasoning...............................................................
228
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
D.5 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Pemecahan Masalah Secara
Keseluruhan.......................................................................................................
231
D.6 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Pemecahan Masalah Persub
Materi.................................................................................................................
D.7 Uji Statistik Tes Pemecahan Masalah................................................................
233
D.8 Uji Statististik korelasi antara kemampuan scientific reasoning dan
Pemecahan Masalah...........................................................................................
E. DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN..........................................................................
237
E.1 Surat Izin penelitian............................................................................................
238
E.2 Surat Keterangan telaMelakukan Penelitian......................................................
239
E.3 Foto-Foto Penelitian...........................................................................................
240
235
238
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN...............................................................................................
i
PERNYATAAN................................................................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH.............................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................
xi
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...........................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah.....................................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah...............................................................................................
5
C. Batasan Masalah….............................................................................................
6
D. Definisi Operasional...........................................................................................
6
E. Tujuan Penelitian…............................................................................................
7
F. Manfaat Penelitian…..........................................................................................
8
BAB II. Kajian Pustaka, Kerangka Pikir Penelitian, dan Hipotesis Penelitian.................
9
A. Kajian Pustaka....................................................................................................
9
1. Pembelajaran Fisika.......................................................................................
9
2. Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving .................................
11
3. Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning ................................................................
20
4. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................................................
23
5. Hubungan Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving dengan
Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah.........................
26
6. Deskripsi Materi Suhu dan Kalor..................................................................
28
7. Penelitian yang Relevan ...............................................................................
39
B. Kerangka Pikir Penelitian...................................................................................
39
C. Hipotesis Penelitian............................................................................................
40
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................................
42
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ...........................................................................
42
B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian..........................................................................
42
C. Variabel Penelitian .............................................................................................
43
D. Langkah-langkah Penelitian ...............................................................................
43
E. Instrumen Penelitian ...........................................................................................
46
F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................
48
G. Teknik Analisis Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................
49
H. Hasil Validitas dan Uji coba Instrumen............................................................
52
I. Teknik Analisis Data............................................................................................
58
BAB IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................
62
A. Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................................................
62
1. Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning ................................................................
62
2. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa............................................
68
3. Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and
problem solving..............................................................................................
72
4. Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem Solving........
73
5. Korelasi antara Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dengan Kemampuan
75
Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................................................
B. Pembahasan .....................................................................................................
75
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI.........................................................
85
A. Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................
85
B. Rekomendasi ....................................................................................................
85
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................
88
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
2.1 Hubungan antara Model Reasoning and Problem Solving dengan
Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah............................
2.2 Deskripsi Materi Kalor dalam Kurikulum 2013..............................................
27
3.1 Pola Pelitian Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design..............
42
3.2
Rubrik Penskoran Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.......................................
46
3.3
3.4
Teknik Pengumpulan Data................................................................................
Interpretasi Reliabilitas......................................................................................
48
3.5
Klasifikasi Indeks Daya Beda............................................................................
51
3.6
Klasifikasi Tingkat Kemudahan Soal................................................................
52
3.7
Saran Perbaikan Dari Tenaga Ahli untuk Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning
dan Pemecahan Masalah...................................................................................
53
3.8
Hasil Analisis Terhadap Uji Coba Instrumen Tes Scientific Reasoning...........
54
3.9
Hasil Analisis Terhadap Uji Coba Instrumen Tes Pemecahan Masalah...........
55
3.10 Kategori Tingkat N-gain....................................................................................
57
3.11 Kategori Koefisien Korelasi..............................................................................
60
3.12 Kategori Tanggapan Siswa................................................................................
60
3.13 Kriteria Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran...................................................
61
4.1 Uji Normalitas N-gain Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning................................
64
4.2 Uji Homogenitas N-gain Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning.............................
65
4.3 Uji Perbedaan Dua Rerata Skor N-gain Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning...........................................................................................................
4.4 Uji Normalitas N-gain Pemecahan Masalah......................................................
65
4.5
Uji Homogenitas N-gain Pemecahan Masalah..................................................
70
4.6 Uji Perbedaan Dua Rerata Skor N-gain Pemecahan Masalah...........................
71
4.7 Rekapitualasi Tanggapan siswa Terhadap Penerapan Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving........................................................................
73
29
50
70
74
4.8 Persentase Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning and Problem
Solving................................................................................................................
75
4.9 Uji Korelasi Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning dan Kemampuan Pemecahan
Masalah..............................................................................................................
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
2.1
Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran Model Reasoning dan Problem Solving.........
18
2.2
Ember, Teko Berisi Air, dan Kompor................................................................
31
2.3
Masakan Sup.....................................................................................................
32
2.4
Grafik Pemanasan dalam Perubahan Wujud Zat..............................................
33
2.5
Pemanasan pada Salah Satu Ujung Logam.......................................................
35
2.6
Proses Perpindahan Kalor secara Konduksi......................................................
36
3.1 Bagan Alur Penelitian........................................................................................
45
3.2 Diagram Alur Pengujian....................................................................................
4.1 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning.....................................................
59
4.2 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning Siswa Persub Materi....................
66
4.3 Diagram Kemampuan Scientific Reasoning Siswa Perindikator.......................
67
4.4 Diagram Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................
68
4.5 Diagram Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Per Sub Materi.................
72
63
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
Halaman
A.
PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN.......................................................................
92
A.1
Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) ......................................................
92
A.2
Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS)..............................................................................
122
B.
INSTRUMEN TES...........................................................................................
154
B.1
Kisi-Kisi Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning...........................................................
154
B.2 Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning...........................................................................
165
B.3 Kisi-Kisi Soal Pemecahan Masalah.......................................................................
B.4 Soal Tes Pemecahan Masalah...........................................................................
172
B.5
Lembar Jawaban Tes Scientific Reasoning.......................................................
183
B.6
Lemabar Judgment (Validasi) Soal Tes Scientific Reasoning..........................
184
B.7
Hasil Uji Coba Tes Scientific Reasoning..........................................................
185
B.8
Lembar Judgment (Validasi) Soal Pemecahan Masalah...................................
193
B.9
Hasil Uji Coba Tes Pemecahan Masalah..........................................................
194
B.10. Distribusi Skor Uji Coba Soal Scientific reasoning dan Pemecahan Masalah
200
C.
INSTRUMEN NON TES.................................................................................
206
C.1
C.3
207
Skala Sikap Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving.......................................................................
209
Hasil Tanggapan Siswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Model Pembelajaran
Reasoning and Problem Solving.......................................................................
Lembar Observasi Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran............................................. 211
C.4
Hasil Observasi Keterlaksanaan Pembelajaran................................................. 211
D.
DATA PENELITIAN TES SCIENTIFIC REASONING DAN PEMECAHAN
MASALAH........................................................................................................
C.2
180
217
217
D.1 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning Secara
Keseluruhan......................................................................................................
D.2 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning Per Sub
222
Materi................................................................................................................
224
D.3 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Scientific Reasoning
Perindikator......................................................................................................
D.4 Uji Statistik Tes Scientific Reasoning...............................................................
228
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
D.5 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Pemecahan Masalah Secara
Keseluruhan.......................................................................................................
231
D.6 Distribusi Skor pretest, posttest, dan N-gain Pemecahan Masalah Persub
Materi.................................................................................................................
D.7 Uji Statistik Tes Pemecahan Masalah................................................................
233
D.8 Uji Statististik korelasi antara kemampuan scientific reasoning dan
Pemecahan Masalah...........................................................................................
E. DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN..........................................................................
237
E.1 Surat Izin penelitian............................................................................................
238
E.2 Surat Keterangan telaMelakukan Penelitian......................................................
239
E.3 Foto-Foto Penelitian...........................................................................................
240
235
238
Elva Firma, 2015
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reasoning And Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Scientific
Reasoning Dan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa Sma Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu