CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION - The correlation between listening skill and speaking skill of the English Department students of Widya Mandala Catholic University in the academic year of 1994-1995 - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

CEAPTER I
TNSRoDUCTIOIT

1.1

Badcaround of tlre Studl'
Language is

l e a r n i ng

l i ste n i n g ,

t h e s e ski l l s
are

the

Without

a se t o f skills.

it

nost

sp e aking, r eading and wr iting.

i s u n d e niable tha.t listening
lrnportant

h a vi n g

impossibre

th e

well

skitls

in

a bility

to speak werr.

how can r.re respond
Iisten

Lear ning language m eans

to

to

oral

and speaking

communication.

listen

well,

someone says

if

t h e a b o ve i ssu e .

experts,

L u n d steen ( 7971,:3- 4i, defines

th e ml n d . fn thls

necessary in

case, listening

if

fro m rl ste n i n g ,
u sr

and

r istening

converted

to

ability

is

he does not hear werr.

Chenfeld (1987:104) notes that

around

we cannot

a comrnunication, because no one will

able to make a conversation

derived

someone,

Lundsteen and Chenfeld confirm

as the process by which spoken language is

very

is

to w h a t h e says?

The following

meaning in

it

How can we speak with

what

Anong

sh a p i n g

most of

our learning

m aklng sense out
those

of

sounds into

the

And
is

sounds

wor ds

and

2
m e a n l n g s. B e ca u se l i ste n i ng
we learn
than,

Listening

of

the

is

to

are

required

active

to

to

be

process

and

undivided
that

because- it

requires

and interpretation.

And it

engagement not

certain

a

conmunicative

well

is

Teachers of

abl-e

and correctly.

speak

as

to

This

students.

English

speak

is

fn

extent,

one of

words,

perfectly

clearly,
have to

they

and

goals

especially

English

because they

other

the

be

have to

have

a

good

competence.
J.

Savignon

competence slmply
communicative
transaction
also

m uch I a r g e r

passive

a

as an active

learner.

their

Sandra

as

process

speak English

a modeL for
to

how

response.

English

fluently,

of

Tidyrnan (79692281 states

be considered

Being able
every

is

participation

fulI

par t

ability.

understanding,

an automatic

ability

taught

l-earner.

an

concentration,

of

be

reguires

listenlng

also

than our oral

cannot

it

attention

is

such a vital

l a n g u a g e , o u r l istening

much older

because

is

defines

(1973:39)

as ttthe ability

settingl

that

involving

one

that

speaking

or

defines
to

function

is,

in

more

other

as

communicative

an

a

in

a truly

spontaneous
personsz.

instance

of

She
us€r

3
therefore,

a part

is

both reception
the

skill

speaking

comes after

skiLls

speaking".

In

speaking.

a Iistening

speaking
people

H.

out

of

a neaningful
stresses

serve

as

words,

a

and

basis

listening

saying,

developing
prerequisite

the

(19?6:334)

will
Kenneth

by

for

is

only

Iistening

point

this
the

language

conversation.

comnunication

"orar

Jacobs

as sociar

use a code of

discrimination

(19?1:45)

processes

purposes

are

Listening

is

sounds instead

and speaking

other

spelling.

sense,

gives

even

impossibre

a

without

skiII,,.

understanding-

the

this

which

receptive

Careful_

Kenneth Chartain

whose

listening

In

both

form

listening.

other

conclusion,

Paul

a part.

invo.l_ves

spoken

(1976:334)

"Listening

sharp

the

careful

us to carry

Chartain

of

play

exchange in

participation.

Comprehending

enable

a reciprocal

and production

of

productive

of

lnvorving
to

find

like
of

l_isteninq

interacti-ons
a

speaking
print.

been

skills
considered

and
among

conmon ground
because

He also

have been considered

Ia n g u a g e
has

defines

the

and

that

a

crucial

of
both

adds that
base for

auditor v
base

for

4
In

the

English

University
taught

Surabaya,

three

listening
applied

I1,
to

semesters

and

the

the

With

Iistening

f,

in
Il

same thing

is

g:i.ven in

Speaking

II,

is
five

Speaking

correlates

to

one's

this,

in

the

the

writer

any
skill

skirr

students

seems that

made a study
and speaking
of

the

the academic year

lrlidya

of

speaking
on

the

skilr

of

MandaLa

Lgg4-Lgg5.

probLem

reference

there

The

with

Listening

ability

to

the background of

major problem to be answered in
Is

of

it

Department

of

name

are

glven

is

above,

between ristening

Stateorent

skilr

It

Speaking

and

opinions

Cathol-ic University

1.2

teachers

experts,

To prove

EngJ-ish

speakingr skill_s

III.

skiIl.

Mandal_a Catholic

and Speaking V.

Iistening

correration

the

Listening

speaking

Based on the

ability.

and

ristening

under

and namely

Widya

different

The

and

Speaking IV,

one's

by

material-s.

semesters

of

J_istening

separately

different

III,

Department

this

significant
and speaking

study

the

the

is:

correlatlon
skilL

study,

between

of the English

l

Department
University

students
in

of

the Widya MandaLa Catholic

the academic year of

1994-1995?

1.3 ObJectJ.ve of the Study
T h e o b j e ctl ve
not there
skill

is

and

students

o f th e study is

a significant
sp e a ki n g

to find

corre.l-ation

ski Ll

of

the

out whether or

between listening

English

of the Widya Mandal-a Catholic

Depar tm ent

University

in

the

a c a d e m ic ye a r o f 1 9 9 4 -1 9 95.

1.{

ScolIn

and lLnLtatl.on

this

correlation
Listening

paper,

thls

between
I,

Speaking If,

Listening

offered

until-

The subjects
Department

the

Widya

acadenic year of

Study

study

Iistening
If,

Speaking III.

not j-ncluded j-n this
only

of

study

and

speaking,
fII,

to

the

namely

and Speaking f,

Speaking IV and Speaking V are
because the Listening

under study

1994-1995.

only

timited

Listening

Listening

Mandala

is

skill

is

III.
are

students

Catholic

of

University

the

English
in

the

1.5 the atgnlf,lcanc€
This

study

teachers

of

CathoLic

of the Study

is

the

intended

English

University

give

to

insights

Department

on the

of

correLation

to

Widya

the

Mandala

between listening

and speaking.
If
to

this
the

be

ability

basis

to

work

the

their

teaehers

together

students'

that

developing

in

through

encourage

can prove

study

This

ofthe

study

is

studen'ts

expected
Iistening

ability,

llstehing

this

wi]l-

and speaking

intensively

naximum achievement of

1.6 Assungltlonr

result

the

speaking
of

more

the

in

order

to

skil-l-s
get

the

those two skills.

Study

wiII

be

based

the

fol-Iowinq

assumptions:
1. The

students'

subjects
2. AIl

scores

are valid

listening

Department

of

and

of

listening

measures of

their

speaking

teachers

Widya Mandala

and

speaking

performance.
of
are

University

the

English

considered

qualified.
3. The students'
not

significantly

intelligence
affect

and

aptitude

the result

of

this

vari-able
study.

do

7
4. ALl

l i ste n i n g

a n d speaking

teacher s

Department of Widya Mandal_a Catholic

of

the

English

University

judge

t h e stu d e n ts,, e xa mi n a tion paper objectively.

1.? Aypothecia
B a se d
hypothesls

of the Study

of

th e

a ssum ptions

is formulated

T h e re

is

a

co rre l a ti o n

above

the

foLlowinq

as follows:

h i g h,

significant,

and

b e tw e en the Llstening

positive

achievement and

sp e a ki n g a ch i e ve ment.

1.8 Defl.nLtl.on of
To
explain

avoid

Key Tetilt

mi su n d e rs tanding,

it

is

necessar y

the key te rms u se d thr ough out this

study.

to

Those

k e y t e r m s a re :
a . C o r r el a ti o n
Accordj-ng
English

to

Heritage

Language,

correl-ation

complementary

parallel

especially

structural,

a

correspondence
Harris

or

between

(1969t142)

rrrustrated

Dictionarv
is

a

reciprocal
functional

two

defines

c.f

casual,

relationship,
of

qualitative

comparable

entitles,,.

.,CorreLation/

as

a

I
statistical

term,

rerationship

between

variabLes.
perfect
no

ft

by

and

negative

a

relationship

sets

of

the

degree

scores

through
_1.00,

down to

o.r

of

of

one variable

another

between the

variabLe.

two variabres

of the coefficient

O, which
which

positive

correJation.

an increase

decrease

the size

two

correlation;

correlation,

means that

expresses

of

other

ranges from a value +1.00, which means a

positive

perfect

which

means

means a

correl_ation
is

accompanied

The
is

degree

of

indicated

bv

of correLation.

b. Listenino
Lundsteen
of

the

(L97]-2]-'26l defines
sound

meaningful
c.

and

as being

recognizing

awa.re

them

as

sound and speech sequences.

Speaking
Philip

Badcadk Gove (Lg76z4S3l defines

means to give
feeling

1.9

component

Iistening

engage in

Organlzatlon
This

rntroduction

oral

thesis

of

expresslon
talk

the

thoughts,

as

opinlons

a
or

or conversation.

Study

conslsts

which

to

speaking

of

five

dea.r.s with

chapters.
the

Chapter

background

of

I

is
the

study,

sta te me n t o f th e pr oblem, objectlve

s c o p e an d Ii mi ta ti o n
the

s t u d y,

h yp o th e si s

study,

definltion

study.

Chapter

with

t h eo ry o f

correlation,
Iistening
rrr

is

design,

of

of
II,

the

of

studyr

the

l i ste n i n g ,

and theory

significance

of

assum ption of

the

and organ-i.zation of

the

study,

key terms,
Review of

ReLated Literature

theor y of
about

the

of the study,

the

speaking,

collecting

th e

d a ta ,

a nd

data

data,

between

study.

Research and Methodorogy which dears with
and sanrple, the

theor y of

correLatj-on

a n d sp e a ki n g , review of r elated

population

deal_s

Chapter
research

procedures

analysis

technigues.

Chapter IV presents data analyses and interpretation.
C h a p t e r V p re se n ts co n cl u s ion and suggestion.

of

And