SERVER, EXTERNAL DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS
F1031 COMPUTER HARDWARE
CHAPTER 4
SERVER, EXTERNAL DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS
WHAT IS A SERVER COMPUTER?
A server computer, sometimes called an
enterprise server, is a computer system
that provides essential services across a
network, to private users inside a large
organization or to public users in the internet.
A server manages the resources on a network
and clients access the resources on the server.
Many servers have dedicated functionality
such as web servers, print servers, and
database servers.
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Application Servers
Application
server is a server that is designed
for or dedicated to running specifc applications.
At its most basic, an application server might be
used to run one application. Example: iPelajar
APPLICATION SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Entry Level Servers
Large
organizations will likely deploy most
of these server types to provide their
computing infrastructure.
Rack and entry-level workgroup servers will
be used in remote or satellite ofces.
ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Web Servers
A
web server serves static content to a
Web browser by loading a fle from a
disk and serving it across the network to
a user's Web browser. This entire
exchange is mediated by the browser
and server talking to each other using
HTTP. Example: PSP Web Server
WEB SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
E-mail servers
Almost
as important and crucial as Web
servers.
Is an application that receives incoming email from local users (people within the
same domain) and remote senders and
forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery.
Example: PSP Outlook Web Access
E-MAIL SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Mainframe/High-End Servers
Powerful
computers used mainly by
large organizations for critical
applications, typically bulk data
processing such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning, and fnancial transaction
processing. Example: Server for Jabatan
Pendaftaran Negara
MAINFRAME/HIGH-END SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Midframe Servers
These
servers are designed to support
complex network computing solutions.
Ideal for either commercial or highperformance computing (HPC)
applications. Example: SUN FIRE™
Midframe Server
MIDFRAME SERVERS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SERVER & PC
Attributes
Server (Usage of
50-100 Users)
Personal Computer
Operating System
64-bit OS
You can use either 32bit OS or 64-bit OS
Processor
4 CPUs. Intel Xeon
@3.16 GHZ or
equivalent AMD.
2x6MB cache
Minimum only 1 CPU
Memory
8GB DDR2
Minimum 512MB of
RAM in modern time
Storage
Raid 1. SAS, SCSI,
Fiber Channel Disks,
or SATA. 15K rpm.
Minimum 40GB in
modern time
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE UPS
What is UPS?
An
uninterruptible power supply, also
known as uninterruptible power
source, UPS or battery backup, is an
electrical apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load when the input
power source, typically the utility mains,
fails.
UPS
UPS - uninterruptible power supply
(UPS)
Protects
your computer (and, more
importantly, your data) in the event of a
power sag or power outage
A UPS essentially contains a big battery
that will provide AC power to your
computer, regardless of the power coming
from the AC outlet
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES
Benefts
Condition
line for brownouts and spikes
Provide backup power during a blackout
Protect against very high potentially
damaging spikes
Considerations
Cost
UPS
rating
Degree of line conditioning
Warranty and service policies
UPS
Steps
to Install UPS
1. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to
physically install the UPS device.
2. Open Power Options in Control Panel.
3. On the UPS tab, click Select.
4. In the UPS Selection dialog box, under
Select manufacturer, click the
manufacturer of the UPS device attached to
the computer.
5. Under Select model, click the model of
UPS device attached to the computer.
6. Under On port, click the serial port where
the UPS device is attached, and then click
Finish.
To Install Uninterruptable Power Supply
You must be logged on as an administrator
or a
member of the Administrators group in
order to
complete this procedure. If your computer is
connected to a network, network policy
settings
may also prevent you from completing this
procedure.
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE NAS
What
is a NAS?
A
Network Access Server (NAS) is a single point of
access to a remote resource.
The
NAS is meant to act as a gateway to guard access to a
protected resource. This can be anything from a telephone
network, to printers, to the Internet.
Equipments to Install NAS to a Server
To
install an Iomega NAS 100d as a
wired LAN Server you will need the
following:
Hub
or Switch with an available Ethernet
port.
Ethernet cable (Included).
Client computer connected to the network to
confgure the NAS.
Steps to Install NAS to a server
1.
2.
3.
4.
Connect the Ethernet cable to the LAN
port on the back of the NAS.
Connect the other end of the Ethernet
cable to an open port on the hub.
Connect the power cable to the back of
the NAS and a power outlet. Iomega
recommends connecting the NAS 100d to
an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
unit.
Turn on the NAS by pressing the power
button located on the back of the NAS.
5.
6.
7.
On your computer, open a web
browser.
In the address bar type in
http://iomega_nas_100d and hit Enter.
Provide your user name and password.
8.
Default user name: admin
Default password: blank, no password
Congratulations! You are now logged
into the NAS administrator's console
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAID is a great system for increasing speed and
availability of data.
More data protection than non-RAID disk systems.
Fulfils the needs of multimedia and other data hungry
programs.
Provides fault tolerance.
ADVANTAGES OF RAID
Afordable alternative to mass storage
Cost/Megabyte is dropping.
Smaller drives make this possible.
Obtain performance of expensive high end disks
High throughput and reliability
Use of small diameter disks.
Seek distances lower.
High I/O rates, less power/megabyte.
WHY USE RAID ?
RAID devices can act as a single drive.
Allows simultaneous read/write.
Overall increase in I/O performance.
Provides data redundancy.
RAID LEVELS
RAID level
Min #
faults
Example
data disks
Example
check
disks
Corporations
producing products
-
Linear / spanned
0
8
0
Linux, Windows
0
1
Striped
Mirrored
0
1
8
8
0
8
2
3
4
Memory-style ECC
Bit-interleaved parity
Block-interleaved
parity
Block-interleaved
distributed parity
P+Q redundancy
1
1
1
8
8
8
4
1
1
1
8
1
widely used
EMC, Compaq, IBM,
Linux, Windows
none
Storage Concepts
Network Appliance,
Linux
widely used
2
8
2
Linux (beta)
1+0
or
10
Striped mirrors
1
8
8
Linux
0+1
Mirrored stripes
1
8
8
JetStor
5
6
RAID 0 (NONREDUNDANT)
Striped disk array without fault tolerance.
Best I/O performance achieved when data is
striped across multiple controllers with
only one drive per controller.
RAID 1 (MIRRORING)
For highest performance, the controller
must be able to perform two concurrent
separate reads per mirrored pair or
duplicate writes per mirrored pair.
RAID 0+1(MIRRORED
STRIPING)
High data transfer performance.
High I/O rates are achieved thanks to
multiple stripe segments.
Uses mirroring and striping.
RAID 2 (MEMORY-STYLE ECC)
Uses Hamming Codes to detect and correct errors.
The ECC code verifes correct data or corrects
single disk (bit) errors.
Extremely high data transfer rates possible.
RAID 3 (BIT-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Parallel transfer with parity on the data
block is subdivided (“striped”) and written
the data disks.
Stripe parity is generated on writes,
recorded on the parity disk and checked on
reads
RAID 4 (BLOCK-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Independent data disks with shared parity disk.
Each entire block is written onto a data disk.
Parity block for the same rank blocks is generated on
writes, recorded on the parity disk and checked on
reads.
RAID 10 (STRIPED MIRRORING)
Also known as RAID 1+0 and 1/0
Very high reliability combined with high
performance.
High I/O rates are achieved by striping RAID
1 segments.
RAID 53 (STRIPED ARRAY OF
ARRAYS)
High I/O rates and data transfer
performance
High data transfer rates are achieved
thanks to its RAID 3 array segments.
High I/O rates for small request are
achieved thanks to its RAID 0 striping.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
Uses Dedicated Hardware to Control Disks in Array
Rather Than Software.
Disks in Array Are Controlled By:
RAID Controller Internally Inside PC/Server.
By Separate External System That Contains Raid
Controller and Disks of Array.
Operating System Sees array as one or more fast
hard disks.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
No software configuration is required in operating
system.
RAID Level is not limited by operating system
support.
RAID Levels available depend on hardware provider.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
External RAID controllers
Enable the use of hot swapping and hot spares of a drive
in an array, in the event of failure.
Enable the use of redundant power supplies.
Allow re-building of array with failed drive, whilst system
is on-line.
System operates in degraded state.
Lose fault tolerance until array is re-built.
EXAMPLE OF AN EXTERNAL RAID CONTROLLER INCLUDING SWAPPABLE DRIVES
HARDWARE RAID
Two main types of hardware RAID
Bus-Based
or Controller Card
Hardware RAID.
Intelligent, External RAID Controller.
PCI-bus-based,
IDE/ATA
hard disk RAID
controller,
supporting
levels 0, 1, and
01.
HARDWARE RAID
Bus-based RAID:
Cheaper
Much
simpler to implement than external
RAID controller
External RAID controllers
Advanced
features.
Better performance.
hardware RAID is superior to software
RAID in virtually every way, it just costs
more.
SOFTWARE RAID
Advantage
Cost
Simplicity
Duplexing
Disadvantage
Performance
Boot
Volume Limitations
Operating System Compatibility
Issues
Advanced Feature Support
Level Support
RAID MANAGEMENT
Becomes important for larger arrays
with multiple RAID levels, many virtual
drives, and so on.
Hardware or software, come with
administration program for setting up,
confguring, and managing the array(s)
they control.
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Controller BIOS Setup Program
hardware-based
program that can be run
at boot time in exactly the same way that
a motherboard's BIOS setup program
operates.
Operating System Management
Utility
straight
software utility that runs after the
operating system is loaded and running on
the array
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
RAID management software allows to
perform the following basic categories
of functions:
Controller
Confguration
Array Confguration
Physical Drive Management
Logical Drive Management
SCSI Channel Management
CHAPTER 4
SERVER, EXTERNAL DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS
WHAT IS A SERVER COMPUTER?
A server computer, sometimes called an
enterprise server, is a computer system
that provides essential services across a
network, to private users inside a large
organization or to public users in the internet.
A server manages the resources on a network
and clients access the resources on the server.
Many servers have dedicated functionality
such as web servers, print servers, and
database servers.
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Application Servers
Application
server is a server that is designed
for or dedicated to running specifc applications.
At its most basic, an application server might be
used to run one application. Example: iPelajar
APPLICATION SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Entry Level Servers
Large
organizations will likely deploy most
of these server types to provide their
computing infrastructure.
Rack and entry-level workgroup servers will
be used in remote or satellite ofces.
ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Web Servers
A
web server serves static content to a
Web browser by loading a fle from a
disk and serving it across the network to
a user's Web browser. This entire
exchange is mediated by the browser
and server talking to each other using
HTTP. Example: PSP Web Server
WEB SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
E-mail servers
Almost
as important and crucial as Web
servers.
Is an application that receives incoming email from local users (people within the
same domain) and remote senders and
forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery.
Example: PSP Outlook Web Access
E-MAIL SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Mainframe/High-End Servers
Powerful
computers used mainly by
large organizations for critical
applications, typically bulk data
processing such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning, and fnancial transaction
processing. Example: Server for Jabatan
Pendaftaran Negara
MAINFRAME/HIGH-END SERVERS
TYPES OF SERVER COMPUTERS
Midframe Servers
These
servers are designed to support
complex network computing solutions.
Ideal for either commercial or highperformance computing (HPC)
applications. Example: SUN FIRE™
Midframe Server
MIDFRAME SERVERS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SERVER & PC
Attributes
Server (Usage of
50-100 Users)
Personal Computer
Operating System
64-bit OS
You can use either 32bit OS or 64-bit OS
Processor
4 CPUs. Intel Xeon
@3.16 GHZ or
equivalent AMD.
2x6MB cache
Minimum only 1 CPU
Memory
8GB DDR2
Minimum 512MB of
RAM in modern time
Storage
Raid 1. SAS, SCSI,
Fiber Channel Disks,
or SATA. 15K rpm.
Minimum 40GB in
modern time
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE UPS
What is UPS?
An
uninterruptible power supply, also
known as uninterruptible power
source, UPS or battery backup, is an
electrical apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load when the input
power source, typically the utility mains,
fails.
UPS
UPS - uninterruptible power supply
(UPS)
Protects
your computer (and, more
importantly, your data) in the event of a
power sag or power outage
A UPS essentially contains a big battery
that will provide AC power to your
computer, regardless of the power coming
from the AC outlet
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES
Benefts
Condition
line for brownouts and spikes
Provide backup power during a blackout
Protect against very high potentially
damaging spikes
Considerations
Cost
UPS
rating
Degree of line conditioning
Warranty and service policies
UPS
Steps
to Install UPS
1. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to
physically install the UPS device.
2. Open Power Options in Control Panel.
3. On the UPS tab, click Select.
4. In the UPS Selection dialog box, under
Select manufacturer, click the
manufacturer of the UPS device attached to
the computer.
5. Under Select model, click the model of
UPS device attached to the computer.
6. Under On port, click the serial port where
the UPS device is attached, and then click
Finish.
To Install Uninterruptable Power Supply
You must be logged on as an administrator
or a
member of the Administrators group in
order to
complete this procedure. If your computer is
connected to a network, network policy
settings
may also prevent you from completing this
procedure.
INSTALL AND CONFIGURE NAS
What
is a NAS?
A
Network Access Server (NAS) is a single point of
access to a remote resource.
The
NAS is meant to act as a gateway to guard access to a
protected resource. This can be anything from a telephone
network, to printers, to the Internet.
Equipments to Install NAS to a Server
To
install an Iomega NAS 100d as a
wired LAN Server you will need the
following:
Hub
or Switch with an available Ethernet
port.
Ethernet cable (Included).
Client computer connected to the network to
confgure the NAS.
Steps to Install NAS to a server
1.
2.
3.
4.
Connect the Ethernet cable to the LAN
port on the back of the NAS.
Connect the other end of the Ethernet
cable to an open port on the hub.
Connect the power cable to the back of
the NAS and a power outlet. Iomega
recommends connecting the NAS 100d to
an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
unit.
Turn on the NAS by pressing the power
button located on the back of the NAS.
5.
6.
7.
On your computer, open a web
browser.
In the address bar type in
http://iomega_nas_100d and hit Enter.
Provide your user name and password.
8.
Default user name: admin
Default password: blank, no password
Congratulations! You are now logged
into the NAS administrator's console
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAID is a great system for increasing speed and
availability of data.
More data protection than non-RAID disk systems.
Fulfils the needs of multimedia and other data hungry
programs.
Provides fault tolerance.
ADVANTAGES OF RAID
Afordable alternative to mass storage
Cost/Megabyte is dropping.
Smaller drives make this possible.
Obtain performance of expensive high end disks
High throughput and reliability
Use of small diameter disks.
Seek distances lower.
High I/O rates, less power/megabyte.
WHY USE RAID ?
RAID devices can act as a single drive.
Allows simultaneous read/write.
Overall increase in I/O performance.
Provides data redundancy.
RAID LEVELS
RAID level
Min #
faults
Example
data disks
Example
check
disks
Corporations
producing products
-
Linear / spanned
0
8
0
Linux, Windows
0
1
Striped
Mirrored
0
1
8
8
0
8
2
3
4
Memory-style ECC
Bit-interleaved parity
Block-interleaved
parity
Block-interleaved
distributed parity
P+Q redundancy
1
1
1
8
8
8
4
1
1
1
8
1
widely used
EMC, Compaq, IBM,
Linux, Windows
none
Storage Concepts
Network Appliance,
Linux
widely used
2
8
2
Linux (beta)
1+0
or
10
Striped mirrors
1
8
8
Linux
0+1
Mirrored stripes
1
8
8
JetStor
5
6
RAID 0 (NONREDUNDANT)
Striped disk array without fault tolerance.
Best I/O performance achieved when data is
striped across multiple controllers with
only one drive per controller.
RAID 1 (MIRRORING)
For highest performance, the controller
must be able to perform two concurrent
separate reads per mirrored pair or
duplicate writes per mirrored pair.
RAID 0+1(MIRRORED
STRIPING)
High data transfer performance.
High I/O rates are achieved thanks to
multiple stripe segments.
Uses mirroring and striping.
RAID 2 (MEMORY-STYLE ECC)
Uses Hamming Codes to detect and correct errors.
The ECC code verifes correct data or corrects
single disk (bit) errors.
Extremely high data transfer rates possible.
RAID 3 (BIT-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Parallel transfer with parity on the data
block is subdivided (“striped”) and written
the data disks.
Stripe parity is generated on writes,
recorded on the parity disk and checked on
reads
RAID 4 (BLOCK-INTERLEAVED PARITY)
Independent data disks with shared parity disk.
Each entire block is written onto a data disk.
Parity block for the same rank blocks is generated on
writes, recorded on the parity disk and checked on
reads.
RAID 10 (STRIPED MIRRORING)
Also known as RAID 1+0 and 1/0
Very high reliability combined with high
performance.
High I/O rates are achieved by striping RAID
1 segments.
RAID 53 (STRIPED ARRAY OF
ARRAYS)
High I/O rates and data transfer
performance
High data transfer rates are achieved
thanks to its RAID 3 array segments.
High I/O rates for small request are
achieved thanks to its RAID 0 striping.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
Uses Dedicated Hardware to Control Disks in Array
Rather Than Software.
Disks in Array Are Controlled By:
RAID Controller Internally Inside PC/Server.
By Separate External System That Contains Raid
Controller and Disks of Array.
Operating System Sees array as one or more fast
hard disks.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
No software configuration is required in operating
system.
RAID Level is not limited by operating system
support.
RAID Levels available depend on hardware provider.
FEATURES OF HARDWARE RAID SYSTEMS
External RAID controllers
Enable the use of hot swapping and hot spares of a drive
in an array, in the event of failure.
Enable the use of redundant power supplies.
Allow re-building of array with failed drive, whilst system
is on-line.
System operates in degraded state.
Lose fault tolerance until array is re-built.
EXAMPLE OF AN EXTERNAL RAID CONTROLLER INCLUDING SWAPPABLE DRIVES
HARDWARE RAID
Two main types of hardware RAID
Bus-Based
or Controller Card
Hardware RAID.
Intelligent, External RAID Controller.
PCI-bus-based,
IDE/ATA
hard disk RAID
controller,
supporting
levels 0, 1, and
01.
HARDWARE RAID
Bus-based RAID:
Cheaper
Much
simpler to implement than external
RAID controller
External RAID controllers
Advanced
features.
Better performance.
hardware RAID is superior to software
RAID in virtually every way, it just costs
more.
SOFTWARE RAID
Advantage
Cost
Simplicity
Duplexing
Disadvantage
Performance
Boot
Volume Limitations
Operating System Compatibility
Issues
Advanced Feature Support
Level Support
RAID MANAGEMENT
Becomes important for larger arrays
with multiple RAID levels, many virtual
drives, and so on.
Hardware or software, come with
administration program for setting up,
confguring, and managing the array(s)
they control.
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Controller BIOS Setup Program
hardware-based
program that can be run
at boot time in exactly the same way that
a motherboard's BIOS setup program
operates.
Operating System Management
Utility
straight
software utility that runs after the
operating system is loaded and running on
the array
RAID MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
RAID management software allows to
perform the following basic categories
of functions:
Controller
Confguration
Array Confguration
Physical Drive Management
Logical Drive Management
SCSI Channel Management