ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF COORDINATION IN EMMA Analysis of Syntactic Structure of Coordination in EMMA by Jane Austen.
ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE
OF COORDINATION IN EMMA
BY JANE AUSTEN
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
ARI NUR HIDAYAH
A320080054
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
MOTTO
“In Tansyurulloha Yansyurkum, Wa Yustabbit
Aqdaamakum”
(QS. Muhammad: 13)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Exclusively my beloved father
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalaamu ’alaikum Wr. Wb.,
Alhamdulillaahi robbil ‘aalamiiin. Thanks to Alloh SWT who has given the
writer blessings and opportunities to finish her research paper entitled Analysis of
Syntactic Structure of Coordination in Emma by Jane Austen. Greetings and
invocation are presented to the prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided human
to the right path blessed by the lord.
As long as the process of the accomplishment, it is impossible the writer
finishes her research without people’s contributions. Therefore, the writer would
like to express her thanks to people who have contributions within finishing her
research paper.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., as the first consultant who has given the
writer guidance, attention, help, motivation, advice, and suggestion from the
beginning to the completing of the research paper.
4.
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has given the
writer correction, suggestion, and guidance for the research paper.
vii
5.
All lectures of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for the knowledge, motivation, and supports.
6.
The writer’s family: father, mother, brother, and sisters. Thanks for
everything.
7.
“CAMPUS” crew, thanks for knowledge about journalistic and
unforgettable experiences.
8.
Mr. Mulato’s family: Mr. Mulato, Mrs. Siti Samsiyah, Masna Tanfa Anika,
Muhammad Isna Rosyada, and Zulfa; Mr. Ahmad’s family: Mr. Ahmad,
Mrs. Umi, and their children; and Mr. Mino’s family: Mr. and Mrs. Mino,
Asri, and Hadi, as the writer’s family in solo. Thanks for care, love, support,
guidance, and motivation.
9.
The sisters: Anisa Ratna Pertiwi, Luluk Dwi Nur Jannah, Nurul Hidayati,
Rina Saraswati, Fajar Ika Novianingsih, Qoumi Ghonin, Dian, Nur Aini,
Hana Karunia, Ana, Siti, Eni. Thanks for love and laugh. Thanks for advice,
motivation, and supports.
10. Nevi Chandra Erliza, the writer’s best friend from senior high school who
has always given help, motivation, and supports.
11. Tri Mulyo Setyowati, Esti Puji Astuti Kamil Besari, Linggar Rimbawati and
Harma. Thanks for always support and motivate the writer in finishing the
study.
12. R.I.P. Andi Setyawan, person who makes the writer survives in English
Department, thanks for advice, support, and best motivation, thanks for nice
memories.
viii
13. All people that the writer cannot mention them one by one who have given
their supports a lot.
The writer considers that this research paper is far from perfectness.
Therefore, suggestions are welcomed and accepted to build the research be
valuable for readers.
Wassalamu ’alaikum Wr. Wb.
The writer
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ……………………………………………………………...
i
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………...
ii
ACCEPTANCE ……………………………………………………..
iii
TESTIMONY ……………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTO ……………………………………………………………..
v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………….
x
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………
xiii
ABREVIATION …………………………………………………….
xiv
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ………………
1
B. Previous Study ………………………….
4
C. Research Problem ………………………
8
D. Objective of the Study ………………….
8
E. Limitation of the Study ………………...
8
F. Benefit of the Study …………………….
9
G. Research Paper Organization …………
10
: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. English Syntax ………………………….
x
11
B. Syntactic Category ……………………..
12
C. English Syntactic Structure ……………
13
1.
Syntactic Structure of Modification
13
2.
Syntactic Structure of Predication...
14
3.
Syntactic Structure of
Complementation ………………….
4.
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
16
Syntactic Structure of
Coordination ………………………
18
D. Type of Sentence ……………………….
20
E. Clauses ………………………………….
23
F. Phrases ………………………………….
23
G. Conjunction …………………………….
24
: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research ……………………….
25
B. Object of Research ……………………..
25
C. Data and Data Source ………………….
25
D. Method of Collecting Data ……………..
26
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ………….
26
: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis …………………………...
1.
28
Type of Constituent being
Combined …………………………..
28
Words ………………………….
29
a.
xi
b. Phrases …………………………
37
Clauses …………………………
53
c.
2.
The Highest Frequent of Categories
being Coordinated …………………
3.
The distribution of Syntactic
Structure of Coordination ………...
63
Function in Sentence ………….
63
b. Function in Phrase ……………
68
B. Discussion ………………………………
74
Table of Analysis ………………………
79
a.
CHAPTER V
59
: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
Conclusion ……………………………..
96
1.
Type of Constituent ………………..
96
2.
The highest Frequent of categories
being Combined ……………………
97
The Distribution …………………...
98
Suggestion ……………………………..
98
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………..
99
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ………………………………………….
100
APPENDIXES ………………………………………………………
101
3.
B.
xii
ABSTRACT
ARI NUR HIDAYAH. A320080054. ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC
STRUCTURE OF COORDINATION IN EMMA BY JANE AUSTEN.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta: Research Paper 2015.
This research paper focuses on syntactic structures of coordination in Emma
novel written by Jane Austen. This research has three objectives: (1) To identify
the types of constituents combined to form syntactic structures of coordination in
Emma novel written by Jane Austen, (2) To identify the highest frequent of
category being coordinated in syntactic structures of coordination, and (3) To
describe the distribution of syntactic structures of coordination in Emma novel by
Jane Austen.
The object of the research is sentences having syntactic structures of
coordination in chapter 1 of Emma novel written by Jane Austen, volume 1. The
type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. To collect the data, the
researcher used documentation method. The steps to analyze the data are reading,
collecting, and numbering the data. To analyze the data, the researcher uses
structural grammar by using Chinese boxes.
The results show that: 1) the types of constituents being combined are
categorized in three groups: words which are noun, adjective, verb, to infinitive,
and adverb; phrases which are noun phrase, adjective phrase, verb phrase,
infinitive phrase, and prepositional phrase; and clauses which are independent
clause and dependent clause, 2) the highest frequent of category being coordinated
in Emma novel written by Jane Austen is independent clauses that has 23, 33%
(14 data), and 3) the distribution of syntactic structures of coordination in Emma
novel by Jane Austen analyzed based on its function in sentence and phrase: three
functions in sentence: as predicate and as complement (subjective and objective
complement) and two functions in phrase: as head and as modifier.
Keywords: Syntax, Structure of Coordination, Structural Grammar, Chinese
Boxes.
xiii
ABREVIATION
N
: Noun
V
: Verb
Adj
: Adjective
Adv
: Adverb
NP
: Noun Phrase
VP
: Verb Phrase
AdjP
: Adjective Phrase
PP
: Prepositional Phrase
IC
: Independent Clause
DC
: Dependent Clause
AdjC
: Adjective Clause
AdvC
: Adverbial Clause
C
: Complement
P
: Predicate
Inf.
: Infinitive
Inf. P
: Infinitive Phrase
xiv
OF COORDINATION IN EMMA
BY JANE AUSTEN
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
ARI NUR HIDAYAH
A320080054
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
MOTTO
“In Tansyurulloha Yansyurkum, Wa Yustabbit
Aqdaamakum”
(QS. Muhammad: 13)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Exclusively my beloved father
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalaamu ’alaikum Wr. Wb.,
Alhamdulillaahi robbil ‘aalamiiin. Thanks to Alloh SWT who has given the
writer blessings and opportunities to finish her research paper entitled Analysis of
Syntactic Structure of Coordination in Emma by Jane Austen. Greetings and
invocation are presented to the prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided human
to the right path blessed by the lord.
As long as the process of the accomplishment, it is impossible the writer
finishes her research without people’s contributions. Therefore, the writer would
like to express her thanks to people who have contributions within finishing her
research paper.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., as the first consultant who has given the
writer guidance, attention, help, motivation, advice, and suggestion from the
beginning to the completing of the research paper.
4.
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has given the
writer correction, suggestion, and guidance for the research paper.
vii
5.
All lectures of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for the knowledge, motivation, and supports.
6.
The writer’s family: father, mother, brother, and sisters. Thanks for
everything.
7.
“CAMPUS” crew, thanks for knowledge about journalistic and
unforgettable experiences.
8.
Mr. Mulato’s family: Mr. Mulato, Mrs. Siti Samsiyah, Masna Tanfa Anika,
Muhammad Isna Rosyada, and Zulfa; Mr. Ahmad’s family: Mr. Ahmad,
Mrs. Umi, and their children; and Mr. Mino’s family: Mr. and Mrs. Mino,
Asri, and Hadi, as the writer’s family in solo. Thanks for care, love, support,
guidance, and motivation.
9.
The sisters: Anisa Ratna Pertiwi, Luluk Dwi Nur Jannah, Nurul Hidayati,
Rina Saraswati, Fajar Ika Novianingsih, Qoumi Ghonin, Dian, Nur Aini,
Hana Karunia, Ana, Siti, Eni. Thanks for love and laugh. Thanks for advice,
motivation, and supports.
10. Nevi Chandra Erliza, the writer’s best friend from senior high school who
has always given help, motivation, and supports.
11. Tri Mulyo Setyowati, Esti Puji Astuti Kamil Besari, Linggar Rimbawati and
Harma. Thanks for always support and motivate the writer in finishing the
study.
12. R.I.P. Andi Setyawan, person who makes the writer survives in English
Department, thanks for advice, support, and best motivation, thanks for nice
memories.
viii
13. All people that the writer cannot mention them one by one who have given
their supports a lot.
The writer considers that this research paper is far from perfectness.
Therefore, suggestions are welcomed and accepted to build the research be
valuable for readers.
Wassalamu ’alaikum Wr. Wb.
The writer
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ……………………………………………………………...
i
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………...
ii
ACCEPTANCE ……………………………………………………..
iii
TESTIMONY ……………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTO ……………………………………………………………..
v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………….
x
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………
xiii
ABREVIATION …………………………………………………….
xiv
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ………………
1
B. Previous Study ………………………….
4
C. Research Problem ………………………
8
D. Objective of the Study ………………….
8
E. Limitation of the Study ………………...
8
F. Benefit of the Study …………………….
9
G. Research Paper Organization …………
10
: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. English Syntax ………………………….
x
11
B. Syntactic Category ……………………..
12
C. English Syntactic Structure ……………
13
1.
Syntactic Structure of Modification
13
2.
Syntactic Structure of Predication...
14
3.
Syntactic Structure of
Complementation ………………….
4.
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
16
Syntactic Structure of
Coordination ………………………
18
D. Type of Sentence ……………………….
20
E. Clauses ………………………………….
23
F. Phrases ………………………………….
23
G. Conjunction …………………………….
24
: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research ……………………….
25
B. Object of Research ……………………..
25
C. Data and Data Source ………………….
25
D. Method of Collecting Data ……………..
26
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ………….
26
: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis …………………………...
1.
28
Type of Constituent being
Combined …………………………..
28
Words ………………………….
29
a.
xi
b. Phrases …………………………
37
Clauses …………………………
53
c.
2.
The Highest Frequent of Categories
being Coordinated …………………
3.
The distribution of Syntactic
Structure of Coordination ………...
63
Function in Sentence ………….
63
b. Function in Phrase ……………
68
B. Discussion ………………………………
74
Table of Analysis ………………………
79
a.
CHAPTER V
59
: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
Conclusion ……………………………..
96
1.
Type of Constituent ………………..
96
2.
The highest Frequent of categories
being Combined ……………………
97
The Distribution …………………...
98
Suggestion ……………………………..
98
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………..
99
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ………………………………………….
100
APPENDIXES ………………………………………………………
101
3.
B.
xii
ABSTRACT
ARI NUR HIDAYAH. A320080054. ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC
STRUCTURE OF COORDINATION IN EMMA BY JANE AUSTEN.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta: Research Paper 2015.
This research paper focuses on syntactic structures of coordination in Emma
novel written by Jane Austen. This research has three objectives: (1) To identify
the types of constituents combined to form syntactic structures of coordination in
Emma novel written by Jane Austen, (2) To identify the highest frequent of
category being coordinated in syntactic structures of coordination, and (3) To
describe the distribution of syntactic structures of coordination in Emma novel by
Jane Austen.
The object of the research is sentences having syntactic structures of
coordination in chapter 1 of Emma novel written by Jane Austen, volume 1. The
type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. To collect the data, the
researcher used documentation method. The steps to analyze the data are reading,
collecting, and numbering the data. To analyze the data, the researcher uses
structural grammar by using Chinese boxes.
The results show that: 1) the types of constituents being combined are
categorized in three groups: words which are noun, adjective, verb, to infinitive,
and adverb; phrases which are noun phrase, adjective phrase, verb phrase,
infinitive phrase, and prepositional phrase; and clauses which are independent
clause and dependent clause, 2) the highest frequent of category being coordinated
in Emma novel written by Jane Austen is independent clauses that has 23, 33%
(14 data), and 3) the distribution of syntactic structures of coordination in Emma
novel by Jane Austen analyzed based on its function in sentence and phrase: three
functions in sentence: as predicate and as complement (subjective and objective
complement) and two functions in phrase: as head and as modifier.
Keywords: Syntax, Structure of Coordination, Structural Grammar, Chinese
Boxes.
xiii
ABREVIATION
N
: Noun
V
: Verb
Adj
: Adjective
Adv
: Adverb
NP
: Noun Phrase
VP
: Verb Phrase
AdjP
: Adjective Phrase
PP
: Prepositional Phrase
IC
: Independent Clause
DC
: Dependent Clause
AdjC
: Adjective Clause
AdvC
: Adverbial Clause
C
: Complement
P
: Predicate
Inf.
: Infinitive
Inf. P
: Infinitive Phrase
xiv