THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED ICE AGE 4 (Pragmatics Approach).
THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
( Pragmatics Approach )
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For S1-Degree in English Department
by:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312047
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2017
i
THESIS APPROVAL
THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312058
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
NIP. 19521108 198303 1 001
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312058
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
On
Positions
Name
Signature
Chairman
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
(………………………)
Nur Saptaningsih, S.Hum., M.Hum
NIK. 1985020320161001
(………………………)
Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
NIP. 19521108 198303 1 001
(………………………)
Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A.
NIP. 19670726 199302 1 001
(………………………)
Secretary
First
Examiner
Second
Examiner
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP. 19600328 198601 1 001
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
The researcher sincerely declares that this thesis entitled “The Advisive Directive
Speech Acts Employed by the Characters on the Movie Entitled Ice Age 4”is
originally written by the researcher and it is not a plagiarism. The previous works
related to this thesis are all written in the form of quotations and included in the
bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, the researcher will be ready to accept
any academic consequence and penalty.
Surakarta,
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
iv
MOTTOS
For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.
Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease
Al- Inshirah 5-6
v
DEDICATION
I wholeheartedly dedicate this thesis to...
My mother and my father
My sister and my brothers
My friends
Also
My self
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all let me praise Allah SWT for his blessing and guidance so my thesis can be
accomplished. I realize that this thesis will never be accomplished without the
assistances and the encouragements from the people who have support me directly or
indirectly. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the following people
who provide me the possibility to accomplish my thesis.
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Sebelas Maret University, thank you for approving my thesis.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department and my
academic consultant, thank you for giving consent for me to write my thesis
and your supports during my study.
3. Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M. Pd, my thesis consultant, thank you for your
patience in guiding me from the beginning I write my thesis until it is done.
4. All of the lecturers of English Department, thank you for the valuable
knowledge and inspiring stories that have been shared.
5. My beloved parents, Mama thank you so much for the abundant of love,
prayers, and everything you have given to me and Papa thank you for
supporting me. Moreover, to my sister,Mba Lia, thank you for making my life
easier. My study will not go smoothly without you.I’m hugely indebted on
you. Mas Irfan and Mas Rend, I know that you always support me without
vii
showing me. Thank you for supporting me with your own way. Affan and
Affin, thank you for always cheering me up when this life is driving me crazy.
6. My beloved Endut, Pitri and Fajrin, thank you for always being there
whenever I need you. I don’t know what to do without you. I love you guys.
7. The family of English Department 2012, Mul, Hanif, Satya, Era, Riska and
the ones who can’t be mentioned one by one, thank you for never tired
answering my questions and always help me revising my mistakes and also
for the time we spent together. I will miss you guys.
8. Everyone who has not been mentioned above but has a big contribution to my
thesis yet, thank you.
Although this thesis is far from being perfect, I hope that this thesis can
give benefits to people who are interested in this study. Moreover, I would
appreciate and accept any criticisms related to my thesis.
Surakarta,
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ....................................... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS........................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACTS .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Research Background ...................................................................... 1
B. Research Questions ......................................................................... 5
C. Research Objectives ........................................................................ 5
D. Research Benefits ............................................................................ 6
E. Scope of Research............................................................................ 6
F. Thesis Organization ......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
ix
A. Pragmatics ....................................................................................... 8
B. Speech Acts .................................................................................... 9
1. The Definition of Speech Acts .................................................. 9
2. Level of Speech Acts ................................................................ 10
3. The Classification of Speech Acts ............................................ 11
C. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ...................................................... 14
D. Directive .......................................................................................... 15
1. The Definition of Directive ....................................................... 15
2. Advisive Directive Speech Acts ................................................ 15
E. Context ............................................................................................. 17
F. Politeness Theory ............................................................................. 17
1. Bald on Record ......................................................................... 19
2. Positive Politeness ..................................................................... 20
3. Negative Politeness ................................................................... 21
4. Off-Record ................................................................................ 22
G. Factor Influencing the Use of Politeness Strategy .......................... 23
H. Reviews of Related Research .......................................................... 24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design .............................................................................. 26
B. Research Location ........................................................................... 28
C. Source of Data and Data .................................................................. 29
x
D. Sampling and Sampling Technique................................................. 30
E. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................................... 31
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................................... 31
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Data Analysis .................................................................................. 33
C. Discussion ....................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion....................................................................................... 77
A. Recommendation............................................................................. 80
REFERENCES
xi
ABSTRACT
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi. 2017. The Advisive Directive Speech Acts
Employed By the Characters on the Movie Entitled Ice Age 4 (Pragmatics
Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas
Maret University.
This research aims at analyzing the advisive directive speech acts based on
Tsui’s theories applied by the characters on a movie entitled Ice Age 4 and how the
politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson are applied in delivering the
advisive directive speech acts.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. It uses pragmatic approach
especially speech acts theories in investigating the data. The data themselves are
taken from the dialogues containing a warning or an advice that are collected by
using purposive sampling technique. Ice Age 4 movie is chosen as the source of data
because there are a number of dangerous scenes on it. Therefore, a number of advices
and warnings are found in the movie.
The results of this research show that there are 39 data found in the movie.
They are classified into 19 advices and 20 warnings. Thus, all types of the advisive
directive speech acts are found in the movie. Besides, in delivering the advices, all
politeness strategies are applied by the characters while in delivering the warnings
there is a strategy that is not applied, namely the negative politeness strategy.
Keywords: Directive, Advice, Warning, Politeness.
xii
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
( Pragmatics Approach )
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For S1-Degree in English Department
by:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312047
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2017
i
THESIS APPROVAL
THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312058
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
NIP. 19521108 198303 1 001
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
THE ADVISIVE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS ON THE MOVIE ENTITLED
“ICE AGE 4”
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
C0312058
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
On
Positions
Name
Signature
Chairman
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
(………………………)
Nur Saptaningsih, S.Hum., M.Hum
NIK. 1985020320161001
(………………………)
Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd.
NIP. 19521108 198303 1 001
(………………………)
Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A.
NIP. 19670726 199302 1 001
(………………………)
Secretary
First
Examiner
Second
Examiner
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP. 19600328 198601 1 001
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
The researcher sincerely declares that this thesis entitled “The Advisive Directive
Speech Acts Employed by the Characters on the Movie Entitled Ice Age 4”is
originally written by the researcher and it is not a plagiarism. The previous works
related to this thesis are all written in the form of quotations and included in the
bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, the researcher will be ready to accept
any academic consequence and penalty.
Surakarta,
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
iv
MOTTOS
For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.
Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease
Al- Inshirah 5-6
v
DEDICATION
I wholeheartedly dedicate this thesis to...
My mother and my father
My sister and my brothers
My friends
Also
My self
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all let me praise Allah SWT for his blessing and guidance so my thesis can be
accomplished. I realize that this thesis will never be accomplished without the
assistances and the encouragements from the people who have support me directly or
indirectly. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the following people
who provide me the possibility to accomplish my thesis.
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Sebelas Maret University, thank you for approving my thesis.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department and my
academic consultant, thank you for giving consent for me to write my thesis
and your supports during my study.
3. Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M. Pd, my thesis consultant, thank you for your
patience in guiding me from the beginning I write my thesis until it is done.
4. All of the lecturers of English Department, thank you for the valuable
knowledge and inspiring stories that have been shared.
5. My beloved parents, Mama thank you so much for the abundant of love,
prayers, and everything you have given to me and Papa thank you for
supporting me. Moreover, to my sister,Mba Lia, thank you for making my life
easier. My study will not go smoothly without you.I’m hugely indebted on
you. Mas Irfan and Mas Rend, I know that you always support me without
vii
showing me. Thank you for supporting me with your own way. Affan and
Affin, thank you for always cheering me up when this life is driving me crazy.
6. My beloved Endut, Pitri and Fajrin, thank you for always being there
whenever I need you. I don’t know what to do without you. I love you guys.
7. The family of English Department 2012, Mul, Hanif, Satya, Era, Riska and
the ones who can’t be mentioned one by one, thank you for never tired
answering my questions and always help me revising my mistakes and also
for the time we spent together. I will miss you guys.
8. Everyone who has not been mentioned above but has a big contribution to my
thesis yet, thank you.
Although this thesis is far from being perfect, I hope that this thesis can
give benefits to people who are interested in this study. Moreover, I would
appreciate and accept any criticisms related to my thesis.
Surakarta,
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ....................................... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS........................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACTS .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Research Background ...................................................................... 1
B. Research Questions ......................................................................... 5
C. Research Objectives ........................................................................ 5
D. Research Benefits ............................................................................ 6
E. Scope of Research............................................................................ 6
F. Thesis Organization ......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
ix
A. Pragmatics ....................................................................................... 8
B. Speech Acts .................................................................................... 9
1. The Definition of Speech Acts .................................................. 9
2. Level of Speech Acts ................................................................ 10
3. The Classification of Speech Acts ............................................ 11
C. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ...................................................... 14
D. Directive .......................................................................................... 15
1. The Definition of Directive ....................................................... 15
2. Advisive Directive Speech Acts ................................................ 15
E. Context ............................................................................................. 17
F. Politeness Theory ............................................................................. 17
1. Bald on Record ......................................................................... 19
2. Positive Politeness ..................................................................... 20
3. Negative Politeness ................................................................... 21
4. Off-Record ................................................................................ 22
G. Factor Influencing the Use of Politeness Strategy .......................... 23
H. Reviews of Related Research .......................................................... 24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design .............................................................................. 26
B. Research Location ........................................................................... 28
C. Source of Data and Data .................................................................. 29
x
D. Sampling and Sampling Technique................................................. 30
E. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................................... 31
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................................... 31
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Data Analysis .................................................................................. 33
C. Discussion ....................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion....................................................................................... 77
A. Recommendation............................................................................. 80
REFERENCES
xi
ABSTRACT
Lintang Indah Ayu Respati Dewi. 2017. The Advisive Directive Speech Acts
Employed By the Characters on the Movie Entitled Ice Age 4 (Pragmatics
Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas
Maret University.
This research aims at analyzing the advisive directive speech acts based on
Tsui’s theories applied by the characters on a movie entitled Ice Age 4 and how the
politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson are applied in delivering the
advisive directive speech acts.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. It uses pragmatic approach
especially speech acts theories in investigating the data. The data themselves are
taken from the dialogues containing a warning or an advice that are collected by
using purposive sampling technique. Ice Age 4 movie is chosen as the source of data
because there are a number of dangerous scenes on it. Therefore, a number of advices
and warnings are found in the movie.
The results of this research show that there are 39 data found in the movie.
They are classified into 19 advices and 20 warnings. Thus, all types of the advisive
directive speech acts are found in the movie. Besides, in delivering the advices, all
politeness strategies are applied by the characters while in delivering the warnings
there is a strategy that is not applied, namely the negative politeness strategy.
Keywords: Directive, Advice, Warning, Politeness.
xii