Potensi Bakteri Filosfer Tanaman Ornamental untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Mikroorganisme Bioaerosol Berpotensi Patogen dari Lingkungan Rumah Sakit Umum Pirngadi Medan
38
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin,Z., Qurata, J & Abadi, S. 2015. Pengaruh bakteri Bacillus sp. dan
Pseudomonas sp. terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Sclerotium rolfsii
sacc. penyebab penyakit rebah semai pada tanaman kedelai. Jurnal HPT.
1(3): 1-10.
Augustowska, M & Dutkiewicz, J. 2006. Variability of airborne microflora in a
hospital ward within a period of one year. Ann. Agric. Environ.Med. 13(1):
99-106.
Andrew, J. H & Haris, R.F. 2000. The ecology and biogeography of
microorganisms on plant surface. Annu. Rev. Phito. 38(2): 145-180.
Asih, N. P. S., Warseno, T & Kurniawan, A. 2014. Araceae berpotensi obat di
Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali. UPT Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun
Raya "Eka Karya" Bali LIPI. Semnas Biodiversitas. 3(1): 84-87.
Arunachalam, C & Gayathri, P. 2010. Studies on bioprospecting of endophytic
bacteria from the medical plant of andrographis paniculata or their
antimicrobial activity and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Int J Cur
Pharma Res. 4(2): 63-68.
Azevado, J. L., Macheron, W. J. R. & Pereira. 2000. Endophitic microorganisms:
a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. J Biotec.
3(1): 40-65.
Baharutan, A., Rares, F.E.S & Soeliongan, S. 2015. Pola bakteri penyebab infeksi
nosokomial pada ruang perawatan intensif anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D.
Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-biomedik. 2(3):412-419.
Barrow and Feltham. 1993. Manual for Identification of Medical Bacteria. Third
Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge: London. Hal. 165.
Bonang, s. 1986. Uji Antagonis jamur Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Erwinia
sp.J. Fitomedika. 7(3): 150 – 154.
Darmadi. 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial Problematika dan Pengendaliannya. Salemba
Medika : Jakarta. Hal. 12-20.
Dewi, A. K. 2013. Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Sensitivitas Staphylococcus aureus
terhadap Amoxicillin dari Sampel Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa (PE)
Penderita Mastitis Di Wilayah Girimulyo, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. JSV:
31(2): 232-235.
Douwes, J., Thorne, P., Pearce, N & Heederik, D. 2003. Bioaerosol health effects
and exposure assessment: progress and prospects. Ann. Of. Occup. Hyg.
47(3): 187-200.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39
Ducel, G. 2002. Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections A Practical Guide.
Second Edition. World Health Organization. Department of
Communicable Disease: Canada. Hal. 2.
Elis, D., Davis, S. & Alexious, H. 2007. Description of Medical Fungi. 2nd ed.
Nexus Print Solution: Australia. Pages 55-58.
Gandjar, I., Samson, R.A., Karin van Der Tweel Vermulen., A. Oetari., I. Santoso.
1999. Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum. Yayasan Obor Indonesia:
Jakarta. Hal. 136.
Geornaras, I & Holy, A. 2001. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria species and Salmonella serotypes
associated with poultry processing. Int Food Microbiol. 70(2): 29–35.
Ginting, R. C. B., Suwanto, A & Tjahjoleksono, A. 2005. Transfer gen horizontal
dan populasi bakteri filosfer pada kapas transgenik dan nontransgenik.
Hayati. 12(3): 93-97.
Griffin, H. D. 1981. Fungal Physiology. John Willey and Sons, Inc: New York.
Hlm. 154.
Harper, T. A. M., Bridgewater, S., Brown, P & Johnson, A. S. 2013. Bioaerosol
sampling for airborne bacteria in a small animal veterinary teaching
hospital. Infect Eco Epi. 3(1): 20376-99302.
Haas, D. & Devago, G. 2005. Biologycal control of soil-borne pathogens by
fluorescens Pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiol. 1(2): 1-13
Hermawan, A., Hana, W & Wiwiek, T. 2007. Pengaruh ekstrak daun sirih (Piper
betle L) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia
coli dengan metode difusi disk. [Skripsi]. Unair: Surabaya.
Hirano, S. S & C. D. Upper. 2000. Bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis
on Pseudomonas syringae pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. Microbiol
Mol Biol Rev. 64(1): 642-653.
Ilyas M. 2007. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikoflora Kapang Pada Sampel Serasah
Daun Tumbuhan di Kawasan Gunung Lawu, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. J.
Biodiversitas. 8(2): 334-337.
Irianto, A. 2002. Mikrobiologi Lingkungan. Edisi Pertama. Pusat Penerbitan
Universitas Terbuka: Jakarta. Hal. 72.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., Adelbrg, E. A. & Gerard, B. 1982. Mikrobiologi untuk
Profesi Kesehatan. Edisi 14. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC: Jakarta. Hal.
232-242.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Jeyamohan, D. 2010. Angka Prevalensi Infeksi Nosokomial Pada Pasien Luka
Operasi Pasca Bedah Di Bagian Bedah di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji
Adam Malik, Medan. [Skripsi]. USU: Medan.
Kamel, F., Ismael, H. M & Ahmed, A. A. 2012. Effect of natural surface secretes
of some common ornamental plants leaves on pathogenic microorganisms. J Lif Sci. 6(2): 1387-1390.
Kasim, E., Yulinery, R., Hardiningsih, R., Triana& Napitupulu, R. N. R. 2005.
Daya anti Staphylococcus aureus dari fermentasi daun beberapa jenis
tumbuhan obat. Biol. Indones. 3(1): 397-404.
Kinkel, L. L., Wilson, M & Lindow, S.E. 2000. Plant species and plant incubation
conditions influence variability in epiphytic bacterial population size.
Microb Ecol. 39(1):1-11.
Koneman, E.W. & Roberts, G.D. 1985. Practical laboratory mycology. 3rd ed.
Williams and Wilkins Publisher Inc: Baltimore. Hal. 211.
Kumala, S & Siswanto, E. B. 2007. Isolation and screening of endophitic
microbes from Morinda citrifolia and their ability to produce antimicrobial
subtance. Microbiol Ind. 3(1): 145-148.
Kusmayati., Agustini, N. W. R. 2007. Uji aktivitas senyawa antibakteri dari
mikroalga (Porphyridium cruentum). J. Biod. 8(1) : 48–53.
Lindow, S. E & Brandl, M. T. 2003. Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 69(4) :1875–1883.
Londok, P.V., Homenta, H & Buntuan, V. 2015. Pola bakteri aerob yang
berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di ruang ICU BLU RSUP
Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm). 3 (1).: 448452.
Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M & Parker, B. 2001. Biology of Microorganism.
Eight Edition. Prentice Hall International, In: New Jersey. Page 231.
Maier, R. M., Pepper, I.L & Gerba, C. P. 2005. Environmental Microbiology a
Laboratory Manual. Edisi Kedua. Elsevier Academic Press: USA. Pages
67-68.
Matar, G., Chaar, M., Araj, G., Srour, Z., Jamaleddine, G & Hadi, U. 2005.
Detection of a higly prevalent and pottentially virulent strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nosocomial infections in a medical center.
biomedical science of microbiology. 5(2): 29-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41
Merlin, 2012. Studi kualitas udara mikrobiologis dengan parameter jamur pada
ruangan pasien rumah sakit (studi kasus: ruang rawat inap Gedung A
Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr.Ciptomangunkusumo. [Skripsi].
Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta.
Mutfianti, R. D. 2011. Pengantar Vegetasi Landscape Pengelompokan Vegetasi
Berdasarkan
Pembentuk
dan
Ornamental
Space.
Jurusan
Arsitektur‐ITATS: Surabaya. Hal: 34.
Obbard, P. J & Fang, L.S. 2003. Airborne concentrations of bacteria in hospital
environment in Singapore. Water, air, and soil pollution. 144: 333- 341.
Olmsted, R. N. 1996. APIC Infection Control and Applied Epidemiology:
Principles and Practice: St Louis: Mosby. Pages 328-329.
Pelczar, M. J & Chan, E.C.S. 1988. Dasar-dasar Mikrobiologi. UI Press: Jakarta.
Hal. 642-643.
Preece, T. F., & Dickinson, C.H. 1971. Ecology of Leaf Surface Microorganisms.
Academic Press: London. Pages 112-115.
Qudiesat, K., Elteen, K. A., Elkarmi, A., Hamad, M., & Abussaud, M. 2009.
Assessment of airborne pathogens in healthcare settings. Afr J Microb Res.
3(2): 66-76.
Rosen, D. 1990. The armoured scale insects: their biology, natural, enemies and
control. Else Sci Publis. 4(2): 189-192.
Richaed, J., Lewis, J.R & Tisha, M. 2015. Regulating indoor microbes
International Conference on Fungi and Bacteria Microflora Indoor Air
Contaminants. 2 (5): 5-9.
Santosa, D.A. Handayanf, N., & Iswandil, A. 2003. Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri
filosfer pemicu tumbuh dari daun padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IR-64. J.
Ilm Tan Lingk. 5(1): 7-12.
Sari, U. F. 2010. Budidaya Tanaman Hias Philodendron Di Deni Nursery and
Gardening Karangpandan. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas
Sebelas Maret: Surakarta.
Setlhare, G., Malebo, N., Shale, K & Lues, R. 2014. Identification of airbone
microbiota in selected areas in health-care setting in South Africa. BMC
Microbiology. 14(22):100 : 1471-2180.
Shehata., Fawzy S & Borollosy, A.M. 2008. Induction of resistance against
Zuccini Yellow mosaic potyvirus and growth enhancement of squash
plants using some plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria. Aus J Basic and
Applied Sci. 2(12):174-182.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42
Sien, L.S., Chuan, C.H., Lihan, S & Yee, L.T. 2013. Isoaltion and identification of
airbone bacteria inside swiftlet houses in Sarawak, Malaysia. Maka J Sci.
17(3): 105-108.
Simarmata, R., Lekatompess, S & Sukiman, H. 2007. Isolasi mikroba endofitik
dari tanaman obat sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) dan analisis
potensinya sebagai antimikroba. Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi-LIP. Berk
Panel Hay: 13(2): 85-90.
Starr, F & Loope, L. 2003. Ficus elastica India Rubber Tree. United States
Geological Survey Biological Resources Division. Haleakala Field Station,
Maui: Hawai. Hal. 121-124.
Steenis, C.G.G.J. 2003. Flora untuk Sekolah di Indonesia. Cetakan Kesembilan.
PT. Pradnya Paramita: Jakarta. Hal. 167.
Sundin, G.W & J.L. Jacobs. 1999. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity analysis
and UVR survival strategies of a bacterial community from the
phyllosphere of field-grown peanut (Arachis hypogea). Microb. Ecol.
38(3): 27-38.
Supriadi. 2006. Analisis resiko agen hayati untuk pengendalian patogen tanaman.
J. Litbang Pertanian. 25(3): 75-80.
Thompson, I.P., M.J. Bailey, J.S. Fenlon, T.R. Fermor, A.K. Lilley, J.M. Lynch,
P.J. McCormack, M.P. McQuilken, & K.J. Purdy. 1993.Quantitative and
qualitative seasonal changes in the microbial community from the
phyllosphere of sugar beet. Plant Soil. 150(3):177-191.
Waluyo, L. 2005. Mikrobiologi Lingkungan.
Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang. Hal. 67-68.
Penerbit
Universitas
Widyati, E. 2013. Memahami interaksi tanaman-mikroba. Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Peningkatan Produktivitas Hutan Kampus Balitbang
Kehutanan Bogor. Tekno Hutan Tanaman. 1(6): 13–20.
Yadavi, R.K.P., Karamanoli, K & Vokou, D. 2010. Estimating bacterial
population on the phyllosphere by serial dilution plating and leaf imprint
methods. Ecoprint. 17(1): 47-52.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin,Z., Qurata, J & Abadi, S. 2015. Pengaruh bakteri Bacillus sp. dan
Pseudomonas sp. terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Sclerotium rolfsii
sacc. penyebab penyakit rebah semai pada tanaman kedelai. Jurnal HPT.
1(3): 1-10.
Augustowska, M & Dutkiewicz, J. 2006. Variability of airborne microflora in a
hospital ward within a period of one year. Ann. Agric. Environ.Med. 13(1):
99-106.
Andrew, J. H & Haris, R.F. 2000. The ecology and biogeography of
microorganisms on plant surface. Annu. Rev. Phito. 38(2): 145-180.
Asih, N. P. S., Warseno, T & Kurniawan, A. 2014. Araceae berpotensi obat di
Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali. UPT Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun
Raya "Eka Karya" Bali LIPI. Semnas Biodiversitas. 3(1): 84-87.
Arunachalam, C & Gayathri, P. 2010. Studies on bioprospecting of endophytic
bacteria from the medical plant of andrographis paniculata or their
antimicrobial activity and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Int J Cur
Pharma Res. 4(2): 63-68.
Azevado, J. L., Macheron, W. J. R. & Pereira. 2000. Endophitic microorganisms:
a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. J Biotec.
3(1): 40-65.
Baharutan, A., Rares, F.E.S & Soeliongan, S. 2015. Pola bakteri penyebab infeksi
nosokomial pada ruang perawatan intensif anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D.
Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-biomedik. 2(3):412-419.
Barrow and Feltham. 1993. Manual for Identification of Medical Bacteria. Third
Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge: London. Hal. 165.
Bonang, s. 1986. Uji Antagonis jamur Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Erwinia
sp.J. Fitomedika. 7(3): 150 – 154.
Darmadi. 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial Problematika dan Pengendaliannya. Salemba
Medika : Jakarta. Hal. 12-20.
Dewi, A. K. 2013. Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Sensitivitas Staphylococcus aureus
terhadap Amoxicillin dari Sampel Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa (PE)
Penderita Mastitis Di Wilayah Girimulyo, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. JSV:
31(2): 232-235.
Douwes, J., Thorne, P., Pearce, N & Heederik, D. 2003. Bioaerosol health effects
and exposure assessment: progress and prospects. Ann. Of. Occup. Hyg.
47(3): 187-200.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39
Ducel, G. 2002. Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections A Practical Guide.
Second Edition. World Health Organization. Department of
Communicable Disease: Canada. Hal. 2.
Elis, D., Davis, S. & Alexious, H. 2007. Description of Medical Fungi. 2nd ed.
Nexus Print Solution: Australia. Pages 55-58.
Gandjar, I., Samson, R.A., Karin van Der Tweel Vermulen., A. Oetari., I. Santoso.
1999. Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum. Yayasan Obor Indonesia:
Jakarta. Hal. 136.
Geornaras, I & Holy, A. 2001. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria species and Salmonella serotypes
associated with poultry processing. Int Food Microbiol. 70(2): 29–35.
Ginting, R. C. B., Suwanto, A & Tjahjoleksono, A. 2005. Transfer gen horizontal
dan populasi bakteri filosfer pada kapas transgenik dan nontransgenik.
Hayati. 12(3): 93-97.
Griffin, H. D. 1981. Fungal Physiology. John Willey and Sons, Inc: New York.
Hlm. 154.
Harper, T. A. M., Bridgewater, S., Brown, P & Johnson, A. S. 2013. Bioaerosol
sampling for airborne bacteria in a small animal veterinary teaching
hospital. Infect Eco Epi. 3(1): 20376-99302.
Haas, D. & Devago, G. 2005. Biologycal control of soil-borne pathogens by
fluorescens Pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiol. 1(2): 1-13
Hermawan, A., Hana, W & Wiwiek, T. 2007. Pengaruh ekstrak daun sirih (Piper
betle L) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia
coli dengan metode difusi disk. [Skripsi]. Unair: Surabaya.
Hirano, S. S & C. D. Upper. 2000. Bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis
on Pseudomonas syringae pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. Microbiol
Mol Biol Rev. 64(1): 642-653.
Ilyas M. 2007. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikoflora Kapang Pada Sampel Serasah
Daun Tumbuhan di Kawasan Gunung Lawu, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. J.
Biodiversitas. 8(2): 334-337.
Irianto, A. 2002. Mikrobiologi Lingkungan. Edisi Pertama. Pusat Penerbitan
Universitas Terbuka: Jakarta. Hal. 72.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L., Adelbrg, E. A. & Gerard, B. 1982. Mikrobiologi untuk
Profesi Kesehatan. Edisi 14. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC: Jakarta. Hal.
232-242.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Jeyamohan, D. 2010. Angka Prevalensi Infeksi Nosokomial Pada Pasien Luka
Operasi Pasca Bedah Di Bagian Bedah di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji
Adam Malik, Medan. [Skripsi]. USU: Medan.
Kamel, F., Ismael, H. M & Ahmed, A. A. 2012. Effect of natural surface secretes
of some common ornamental plants leaves on pathogenic microorganisms. J Lif Sci. 6(2): 1387-1390.
Kasim, E., Yulinery, R., Hardiningsih, R., Triana& Napitupulu, R. N. R. 2005.
Daya anti Staphylococcus aureus dari fermentasi daun beberapa jenis
tumbuhan obat. Biol. Indones. 3(1): 397-404.
Kinkel, L. L., Wilson, M & Lindow, S.E. 2000. Plant species and plant incubation
conditions influence variability in epiphytic bacterial population size.
Microb Ecol. 39(1):1-11.
Koneman, E.W. & Roberts, G.D. 1985. Practical laboratory mycology. 3rd ed.
Williams and Wilkins Publisher Inc: Baltimore. Hal. 211.
Kumala, S & Siswanto, E. B. 2007. Isolation and screening of endophitic
microbes from Morinda citrifolia and their ability to produce antimicrobial
subtance. Microbiol Ind. 3(1): 145-148.
Kusmayati., Agustini, N. W. R. 2007. Uji aktivitas senyawa antibakteri dari
mikroalga (Porphyridium cruentum). J. Biod. 8(1) : 48–53.
Lindow, S. E & Brandl, M. T. 2003. Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 69(4) :1875–1883.
Londok, P.V., Homenta, H & Buntuan, V. 2015. Pola bakteri aerob yang
berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di ruang ICU BLU RSUP
Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm). 3 (1).: 448452.
Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M & Parker, B. 2001. Biology of Microorganism.
Eight Edition. Prentice Hall International, In: New Jersey. Page 231.
Maier, R. M., Pepper, I.L & Gerba, C. P. 2005. Environmental Microbiology a
Laboratory Manual. Edisi Kedua. Elsevier Academic Press: USA. Pages
67-68.
Matar, G., Chaar, M., Araj, G., Srour, Z., Jamaleddine, G & Hadi, U. 2005.
Detection of a higly prevalent and pottentially virulent strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nosocomial infections in a medical center.
biomedical science of microbiology. 5(2): 29-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41
Merlin, 2012. Studi kualitas udara mikrobiologis dengan parameter jamur pada
ruangan pasien rumah sakit (studi kasus: ruang rawat inap Gedung A
Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr.Ciptomangunkusumo. [Skripsi].
Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta.
Mutfianti, R. D. 2011. Pengantar Vegetasi Landscape Pengelompokan Vegetasi
Berdasarkan
Pembentuk
dan
Ornamental
Space.
Jurusan
Arsitektur‐ITATS: Surabaya. Hal: 34.
Obbard, P. J & Fang, L.S. 2003. Airborne concentrations of bacteria in hospital
environment in Singapore. Water, air, and soil pollution. 144: 333- 341.
Olmsted, R. N. 1996. APIC Infection Control and Applied Epidemiology:
Principles and Practice: St Louis: Mosby. Pages 328-329.
Pelczar, M. J & Chan, E.C.S. 1988. Dasar-dasar Mikrobiologi. UI Press: Jakarta.
Hal. 642-643.
Preece, T. F., & Dickinson, C.H. 1971. Ecology of Leaf Surface Microorganisms.
Academic Press: London. Pages 112-115.
Qudiesat, K., Elteen, K. A., Elkarmi, A., Hamad, M., & Abussaud, M. 2009.
Assessment of airborne pathogens in healthcare settings. Afr J Microb Res.
3(2): 66-76.
Rosen, D. 1990. The armoured scale insects: their biology, natural, enemies and
control. Else Sci Publis. 4(2): 189-192.
Richaed, J., Lewis, J.R & Tisha, M. 2015. Regulating indoor microbes
International Conference on Fungi and Bacteria Microflora Indoor Air
Contaminants. 2 (5): 5-9.
Santosa, D.A. Handayanf, N., & Iswandil, A. 2003. Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri
filosfer pemicu tumbuh dari daun padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IR-64. J.
Ilm Tan Lingk. 5(1): 7-12.
Sari, U. F. 2010. Budidaya Tanaman Hias Philodendron Di Deni Nursery and
Gardening Karangpandan. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas
Sebelas Maret: Surakarta.
Setlhare, G., Malebo, N., Shale, K & Lues, R. 2014. Identification of airbone
microbiota in selected areas in health-care setting in South Africa. BMC
Microbiology. 14(22):100 : 1471-2180.
Shehata., Fawzy S & Borollosy, A.M. 2008. Induction of resistance against
Zuccini Yellow mosaic potyvirus and growth enhancement of squash
plants using some plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria. Aus J Basic and
Applied Sci. 2(12):174-182.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42
Sien, L.S., Chuan, C.H., Lihan, S & Yee, L.T. 2013. Isoaltion and identification of
airbone bacteria inside swiftlet houses in Sarawak, Malaysia. Maka J Sci.
17(3): 105-108.
Simarmata, R., Lekatompess, S & Sukiman, H. 2007. Isolasi mikroba endofitik
dari tanaman obat sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) dan analisis
potensinya sebagai antimikroba. Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi-LIP. Berk
Panel Hay: 13(2): 85-90.
Starr, F & Loope, L. 2003. Ficus elastica India Rubber Tree. United States
Geological Survey Biological Resources Division. Haleakala Field Station,
Maui: Hawai. Hal. 121-124.
Steenis, C.G.G.J. 2003. Flora untuk Sekolah di Indonesia. Cetakan Kesembilan.
PT. Pradnya Paramita: Jakarta. Hal. 167.
Sundin, G.W & J.L. Jacobs. 1999. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity analysis
and UVR survival strategies of a bacterial community from the
phyllosphere of field-grown peanut (Arachis hypogea). Microb. Ecol.
38(3): 27-38.
Supriadi. 2006. Analisis resiko agen hayati untuk pengendalian patogen tanaman.
J. Litbang Pertanian. 25(3): 75-80.
Thompson, I.P., M.J. Bailey, J.S. Fenlon, T.R. Fermor, A.K. Lilley, J.M. Lynch,
P.J. McCormack, M.P. McQuilken, & K.J. Purdy. 1993.Quantitative and
qualitative seasonal changes in the microbial community from the
phyllosphere of sugar beet. Plant Soil. 150(3):177-191.
Waluyo, L. 2005. Mikrobiologi Lingkungan.
Muhammadiyah Malang: Malang. Hal. 67-68.
Penerbit
Universitas
Widyati, E. 2013. Memahami interaksi tanaman-mikroba. Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Peningkatan Produktivitas Hutan Kampus Balitbang
Kehutanan Bogor. Tekno Hutan Tanaman. 1(6): 13–20.
Yadavi, R.K.P., Karamanoli, K & Vokou, D. 2010. Estimating bacterial
population on the phyllosphere by serial dilution plating and leaf imprint
methods. Ecoprint. 17(1): 47-52.
Universitas Sumatera Utara