UPS AC DC VSD Ronald Pasaribu
PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) DIREKTORAT PENGOLAHAN AC & DC UPS System for Basic Electrical Training BKJT & BPAT Refinery Unit VI, 2013 Prepared by : Indra Trigha Ronald H. Pasaribu CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY Any use of this material without specific permission of PERTAMINA is strictly prohibited
UPS in the Mid-Point Between Utility & Critical Load: Alternating Voltage or Power Station Utility Network UPS Direct Voltage (Current) Critical Load - Computers - Control High Mains Systems Alternating Voltage Quality - Safety Systems Non-Critical Local Emergency Local Power
Load Diesel Generator Distribution - Motors Poor Mains Quality - Heaters - General Lighting
Definisi UPS System:
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) : adalah perangkat yang menggunakan battery backup
sebagai catuan daya alternatif, untuk Dapat memberikan suplai daya yang tidak terganggu untuk beban/ peralatan yang terpasangFungsi UPS system:
1. Dapat memberikan sementara ketika terjadi kegagalan daya pada listrik utama.
2. MemberiMemberikan kesempatan waktu yang cukup untuk segera menghidupkan genset sebagai pengganti listrik utama.
3. kan kesempatan waktu yang cukup untuk segera melakukan back up data dan
mengamank (OS) dengan melakukan shutdown sesuai prosedur ketika listrik utama padam.
4. Mengamankan sistem yang dapat mengganggu sistem komputer baik berupa kerusakan software, data maupun kerusakan hardware.
5. UPS secara otomatis dapat melakukan stabilisasi ketika terjadi perubahan
tegangan pada input sehingga tegangan output yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer berupa tegangan Yang stabil.
Komponen utama UPS System:
1. Baterai
2. Rectifier (penyearah)
3. Inverter
Mains DC Voltage
AC Voltage AC Input
Consumers / Load
RECTIFIER
INVERTER
AC / DC Converter DC / AC Converter
BATTERY
Energy Storage
Komponen utama UPS System: ………continue
1. Baterai : Battery adalah sebagai sumber pengganti (back up) jika terjadi gangguan pada sumber listrik utama/ black out.
- Jenis baterai yang digunakan UPS umumnya berjenis lead-acid atau jenis
- Baterai ini umumnya mampu menjadi sumber tegangan cadangan maksimal selama 30 menit.
2. Rectifier (penyearah) : Penyearah berfungsi untuk mengubah arus
dari suplai listrik utama. Hal ini berfungsi untuk pengisisan baterai.
3. Inverter : Kebalikan dari penyearah, inverter berfungsi untuk mengubah arus
DC dari Rectifier/ baterai menjadi arus AC. Hal ini dilakukan pada saat Rectifier/ baterai pada UPS digunakan untuk memberikan tegangan ke komputer.
UPS System : AC (Alternating Current)
Mains DC Voltage
AC Voltage AC Input
Consumers / Load 3 phase
RECTIFIER
INVERTER
AC / DC Converter DC / AC Converter
BATTERY
- 3 Phase Input
Energy Storage
- Voltage: 3x200... 3x690 VAC
- Frequency: 50 or 60 Hz • 4 Standard • 6-pulse thyristor-controlled Rectifier DC Voltages: • 1- or 3-Phase Output • Option: 12 pulse thyr.-contr. Rectifier
110, 125, 220 or 400
IGBT-PWM controlled Inverter
- Option: oversized for higher charging
VDC
- Short-circuit proof current or DC-load
- Lead Acid Type • Option: oversized Inverter Module • Float- and Boost charge
- Nickel Cadmium Type to interrupt bigger fuses
Online Double Conversion System
UPS System : DC (Direct Current)
DC Voltage Mains
Consumers / Load
3 Phase AC Input
RECTIFIER
AC / DC Converter
BATTERY
Energy Storage
- 3 Phase Input • Voltage 3x200... 3x690 VAC
- Frequency 50 or 60 Hz • 5 Standard DC
- 6-pulse thyristor-controlled Rectifier Voltages: 24, 48, 110, 125 or
- Option: 12 pulse thyr.-contr. Rectifier 220 VDC
- Option: oversized for higher charging cur
- Lead Acid Type • Float- / Boost- and Initial charge
- Nickel Cadmium Type
Online System
UPS System : Inverter System
DC Voltage AC Voltage
DC Bus Consumers / Load
INVERTER
DC / AC Converter
BATTERY
Energy Storage
- 1- or 3-Phase Output IGBT-PWM controlled Inverter • Short-circuit proof Inverter • 4 Standard DC Voltages:
110, 125, 220 or 400 • Opt.: oversized for Inverter
VDC module to interrupt bigger fuses
Online System
Battery Operation Normal Operation
Secured Load Bus Rectifier Input
Rectifier Battery
DC Single Unit Configuration :
DC Redundant System Configuration: Rectifier Module B
50 %
Rectifier Input Module B
Secured Load Bus
Rectifier Module A 50 %
Rectifier Input Module A
Secured Load Bus Bypass Input
Rectifier Input Rectifier Inverter
Manual Bypass Switch Static Switch
Battery
Double Conversion UPS System with PWM Inverter Battery Operation
Bypass Operation Normal Operation
AC Single Unit Configuration
Bypass Input Secured Load Bus
Rectifier Input Module A
UPS Module A
Rectifier Input Module B
UPS Module B 50 % 50 %
AC Redundant System Configuration:
Features & Benefits of Parallel/Redundant System Features
Benefits
No master/slave system All systems can work as masters. Possible to switch individual units OFF for service. Bus system for communication Two control cables between each unit Priority control
The system will stay in the highest possible operational mode. The system will save battery capacity as long as enough energy can be taken from the mains.
Active load sharing Each unit takes the same percentage of the actual load
Up to nine units can be switched in parallel For redundancy or power increase Disabling of parallel communication if one unit
Masterlogic for parallel coordination is disconnected / coupling switch open Independent batteries for each unit Avoids the danger of a single battery acting as a common failure point
Bypass Input Module B
Rectifier Input Module B
Secured Load Bus B
UPS Module B
Rectifier Input Module A
UPS Module A
Bypass Input Module A
Secured Load Bus A
AC Full Dual System Configuration :
DC System with Stand-alone Inverter : us B
Bypass Input
Load
Manual Bypass Switch ed
ur Rectifier Module ec ed
Inverter Module ur us
Input C S ec A er fi ti
DC S Load B
Inverter
Rec
Static Switch Battery
DC Loads
DC Detailed Single Line Wiring Diagram : X002 ¬ Q004 X001 Rectifier T001 A030 F026 B+, B- L001 V015 Q003 X004 Q001 PE L1, L2, L3 Mains U I I U + DC DC Batt I ¬ ¬ L+, L- Load A003 A002 CB02 A004 A005 Fuse RFI / Fuse Rectifier Fuse Fuse
Isolation A050... Control E001... Fan Transformer PSU AC Speed monitored heavy duty fans PSU DC
INTERFACE / PSU A071 Redundant internal Power Supplies A025 A077 A073 EXTERNAL RELAY A070 CCU (Charger Control unit) FRONT PANEL = Option CONNECTION BOARD BOARD DISPLAY OPERATION LED ALARM LCD INDICATION OPERATING STATUS
AC Detailed Single Line Wiring Diagram Bypass Battery Choke Isolation
Inverter Transformer Static Switch Rectifier
Inverter Isolation Rectifier Isolation Transformer Transformer
Redundant internal Power Supplies
Speed monitored heavy duty fans Segregated Bypass PanelManual 3 Position Bypass Switch Detailed Single Line Wiring Diagram :
Battery : Sealed Lead Acid Batteries Vented Lead Acid Batteries l l l Medium Lifetime Long Lifetime l l No topping up Topping up required l
Low Maintenance Low / Normal Maintenance Electrolyte (filled in liquid) for Lead Acid Batteries is Sulphuric Acid (caustic) Each cell has a nominal voltage of 2,0 VDC Cells must be connected in Series to achieve the required DC Level
……..continued Battery :
Vented Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries l l Long Lifetime l High Performance Low / Normal Maintenance The “storage space” is specified by the Specific
Capacity Example: Capacity = 1000 Ah (Ampère Hours) The battery can supply 100Amp. for 10 Hours The alkaline Electrolyte for Ni-Cd Batteries is a solution of Potassium Hydroxide
(KOH) and Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) and is highly caustic Each cell has a nominal voltage of 1,2 VDC Cells must be connected in Series to achieve the required DC Level
Battery Configurations Common Batteries :
- + Mains
Load
Short-circuit in the DC- circuit in one unit has an influence in the DC-circuit of the second unit
Load + Mains
Short-circuit
Battery Configurations Individual Batteries: Mains
- + Load
Short-circuit in the DC- circuit in one unit has no influence in the DC-circuit of the second unit
Load + Mains
Short-circuit
Man Machine Interface :
OPERATING STATUS OPERATION DISPLAY UNIT
INDICATION OFF OFF ON ON load power 50% normal operation ON OFF SYSTEM MAINS OUTPUT GUTOR 7 BATTERY 8 9 ON OFF CURRENT CURRENT
VOLTAGE 4 1 MAINS BATTERY OUTPUT INVERTER OUTPUT CURRENT 2 VOLTAGE 5 VOLTAGE 3 6 EA EN ON OFF TEST LAMP CURRENT FREQ. OPTION OPTION EA INHIBITED OPTION DC OUT OF TOLERANCE BATTERY DISCONNECTED RECT. FAILURE BATTERY DISCHARGED OVERLOAD INV/BYPASS MANUAL BYPASS ON FAN FAILURE OPTION RECT. MAINS FAULT BATTERY OPERATION BYPASS MAINS FAULT ASYNCHRONOUS OPTION INVERTER FUSE BLOWN EN INHIBITED POWER SUPPLY FAULT OPTION INVERTER FAULT OVERTEMPERATURE OPTION ALARM INDICATION
√ √ √ fan in operation √ √ √ Mode Operation √ √ √ Alarm di panel √ √ √ Mechanical Check Visual check capasitor √ Check for over heating component √ Fuses √ Functional Condition Rectifier Input Voltage AC √ √ √ Input current AC √ √ √ Ripple voltage measurement √ √ Ripple Current measurement √ √ Output Voltage DC √ √ √ Output current DC √ √ √ Alam Test Lamp test √ √ √ Battery Cek SG √ √ √ Measure the battery voltage √ √ √ Electrolit Level √ √ √ Cleanness of the battery √ √ √ Tightening terminal battery √ √ √ SCHEDULE
Maintenance Item : AC UPS PM LIST (per Bulan) (per 6 Bulan) T/A Visual Check Temperatur Ruangan √ √ √ fan in operation √ √ √ Mode Operation √ √ √ Alarm di panel √ √ √ Mechanical Check Visual check capasitor √ Check for over heating component √ Fuses √ Functional Condition Rectifier √ Input Voltage AC √ √ √ Input current AC √ √ √ Ripple voltage measurement √ √ Ripple Current measurement √ √ Functional Condition Inverter Output voltage AC
- Actual √ √ √ -Set (new adjusted) √ Output current AC - Actual √ √ √ -Set (new adjusted) √ Inverter input current √ √ √ Inverter frequency
- - Syncronous bypass √ - Natural frequency √ By pass mains voltage AC √ √ √ By pass mains current AC √ √ √ Bypass frequency √ √ √ Functional Test Synchronous change over UPS-mains-UPS √ √ Battery operation √ Autostart rectifier √ Bypass mains failure √ √ Redudancy operation √ √ Alam Test Lamp test √ √ √ Battery Cek SG √ √ √ Measure the battery voltage √ √ √ Electrolit Level √ √ √ Cleanness of the battery √ √ √ Tightening terminal battery √ √ √ Schedule DC UPS PM LIST (per Bulan) (per 6 Bulan) T/A Visual Check Temperatur Ruangan