PATRIARCHY IN SOCIETY REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S Patriarchy In Society Reflected At Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879): A Feminist Approach.
PATRIARCHY IN SOCIETY REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S
A DOLL’S HOUSE (1879): A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
DESINTA DHIOTYA RACHMA
A 320110179
DEPARTEMENT ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
MOTTO
Inna ma’al’usri yusraan
“Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan”
(QS. Al-Insyiroh: 6)
Faasbir sabraan jamillaa
“Maka bersabarlah kamu dengan sabar yang baik”
(QS. Al-Ma’arij:5)
Nuun Walqolami Wamaa Yasthuruun.
“Nun, demi pena dan apa yang dituliskannya”
(QS. Al-Qolam: 1)
Fastabiqul Khairat
“Berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan”
(QS. Al-Baqoroh:148)
Optimis modal dasar dari kesuksesan
(The Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved parents
Thanks for the love and everything. I love you very much.
My beloved aunt and uncle.
Thanks for support in everything
My beloved brother and sister, Rama and Titania.
Study hard and make the wonderful thing in your live.
My all beloved friends.
vi
ABSTRACT
DESINTA DHIOTYA RACHMA, A320.110.179. PATRIARCHY IN SOCIETY
REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S A DOLL’S HOUSE (1879): FEMINIST
APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY of
SURAKARTA, 2015.
The research is proposed to analyze the women position which under the
control of the invisible hands and the pressures of patriarchal system in society in
Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House by Feminist Approach. The research sets two
objectives: first is to analyze the structural elements of play, and second is to analyze
the play based on the Feminist Approach.
This study is qualitative using the play of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House
(1879) as the object. There are two kinds of data source: primary and secondary. The
primary data source is the play of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and the secondary
data source are some literary books and some articles related to the play. The method
of collecting data in the reseacrh is library research by reading and summarising the
data. In analyzing the data, the writer employs descriptive analysis.
The outcome of the study is as follows: first, in this drama, Ibsen wants to
illustrate how woman are become subordinate in her patriarchal society. Second, the
patriarchal system in A Doll’s House harms women because they do not have
important role in family until they are marginalized and oppresed. The last, the
massage conveyed by Henrik Ibsen in A Doll’s House is to open an insight especially
for women about their social status to do many activities in public to compete with
men.
Keyword: patriarchal system, man’s domination, women struggle.
vii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
I Thank Allah the Almighty who has given me his blessing, mercy
and the good opportunity to finish my graduating paper entitled “Patriarchy
in Society reflected at Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879): Feminist
Approach”.
This graduating paper is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to
gain the bachelor degree in School of Teacher Training and Education of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
In finishing this graduating paper, I really appreciate the people who
have helped me. They are:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., the first consultant for the great help,
advice and guidance;
2. Titis Setyabudi SS, M.Hum., the second consultant for the great help and
other tremendous helps as well;
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, S.Pd, M.Hum., as the Head of English Education
Departement;
4. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education;
5. Giri Lumakto, S.Pd., the academic advisor for the guidance during my study;
viii
6. All lecturers of English Departement who have given knowledge patiently to
me;
7. Both of her lovely parents Ayah dan Ibu for their tremendous affection and
immortal prays.
8. My beloved friends Fitri ‘Amalia, Wahyu Cahyani, Mba Harsiti, Agus
Saputro and Mba Suci who have encouraged and motivated me. I could not
get it all without your support.
9. My beloved friends in IMM Cabang Sukoharjo: Taufiq, Mba Iin, Afni
Salsabila, Arif Rahmad, Irfan Anshori, Rijal Khermawan, Ida Nafila,
Muflihah, Febriarni, Sukasmin, Jejen, Aiman, Suaqi, Atho’, etc who give me
the mean of family. Thank you very much.
10. My beloved friends in English Education Departement: Dieta Susanti, Monik
Karina and Annis Syafa’at for the time shared and attention;
11. All of the Departement English Education Students.
I consider that this research is not perfect, so I hope many criticism
and advice to make this paper better.
Finally, I hope this graduating paper can be useful for education and
can inspire everyone.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
The writer
ix
2015
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE......................................................................................................
i
APRROVAL...........................................................................................
iii
LEGITIMATION....................................................................................
iv
MOTTO....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION.........................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDMENT..............................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................
x
CHAPTER I :
1
INTODUCTION....................................................
A. Background of Study........................................ 4
B. Literature Review.............................................. 5
C. Problem Statement............................................. 10
D. Research Limitation........................................... 10
E. Objective of the Study....................................... 10
F. Benefit of the Study........................................... 11
G. Research Method................................................ 11
H. Paper Organization.............................................. 13
CHAPTER II :
UNDERLYING THEORY...................................... 15
A. Feminist Literary Criticism................................. 15
B. Basic Principle of Liberal Feminist.................... 19
1. Patriarchy System......................................... 20
x
2. Women’s Position........................................ 23
3. Women’s Right............................................ 24
4. Women’s Role.............................................. 24
5. Women’s Participation................................. 25
C. Theoritical Application....................................... 26
CHAPTER III :
SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
NORWAY IN NINETEENTH CENTURY........... 27
A. Social Background of Norway........................... 27
B. The Life of Ibsen................................................ 32
CHAPTER IV :
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .................................. 40
A. Structural Elements............................................ 40
1. Character and Characterization.................... 40
a. Major Character..................................... 40
(1) Nora Helmer.................................... 40
(2) Torvald Helmer................................ 41
(3) Dr. Rank.......................................... 42
(4) Mrs. Linde....................................... 43
(5) Nils Krogstad................................... 43
b. Minor Character..................................... 44
(1) Ivar, Bob, Emmy.............................. 44
(2) Helen................................................ 44
(3) Anne................................................. 44
(4) Poter................................................ 45
xi
2. Setting......................................................... 45
a. Setting of Place..................................... 45
b. Setting of Time...................................... 46
3. Plot............................................................... 47
a. Exposition............................................... 47
b. Complication........................................... 48
c. Climax..................................................... 50
d. Resolution............................................... 51
e. Causality................................................. 52
f. Plausability............................................. 53
4. Point of View............................................... 53
5. Style.............................................................. 54
a. Grammatical Structure............................ 54
b. Sentence Structure.................................. 54
c. Diction.................................................... 55
d. Figurative Language............................... 55
e. Symbol.................................................... 57
6. Theme.......................................................... 57
B. Discussion.......................................................... 59
CHAPTER V :
FEMINIST ANALYSIS........................................
64
A. Feminist Prespective......................................... 64
1. Patriarchal System...................................... 65
2. Women’s Position....................................... 67
xii
3. Women’s Role.............................................. 69
4. Women’s Right............................................ 70
5. Women’s Participation................................. 72
B. Discussion.......................................................... 74
CHAPTER VI :
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS................
76
A. Conclusion......................................................... 76
B. Suggestion ........................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xiii
77
A DOLL’S HOUSE (1879): A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
DESINTA DHIOTYA RACHMA
A 320110179
DEPARTEMENT ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
MOTTO
Inna ma’al’usri yusraan
“Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan”
(QS. Al-Insyiroh: 6)
Faasbir sabraan jamillaa
“Maka bersabarlah kamu dengan sabar yang baik”
(QS. Al-Ma’arij:5)
Nuun Walqolami Wamaa Yasthuruun.
“Nun, demi pena dan apa yang dituliskannya”
(QS. Al-Qolam: 1)
Fastabiqul Khairat
“Berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan”
(QS. Al-Baqoroh:148)
Optimis modal dasar dari kesuksesan
(The Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved parents
Thanks for the love and everything. I love you very much.
My beloved aunt and uncle.
Thanks for support in everything
My beloved brother and sister, Rama and Titania.
Study hard and make the wonderful thing in your live.
My all beloved friends.
vi
ABSTRACT
DESINTA DHIOTYA RACHMA, A320.110.179. PATRIARCHY IN SOCIETY
REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S A DOLL’S HOUSE (1879): FEMINIST
APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY of
SURAKARTA, 2015.
The research is proposed to analyze the women position which under the
control of the invisible hands and the pressures of patriarchal system in society in
Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House by Feminist Approach. The research sets two
objectives: first is to analyze the structural elements of play, and second is to analyze
the play based on the Feminist Approach.
This study is qualitative using the play of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House
(1879) as the object. There are two kinds of data source: primary and secondary. The
primary data source is the play of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and the secondary
data source are some literary books and some articles related to the play. The method
of collecting data in the reseacrh is library research by reading and summarising the
data. In analyzing the data, the writer employs descriptive analysis.
The outcome of the study is as follows: first, in this drama, Ibsen wants to
illustrate how woman are become subordinate in her patriarchal society. Second, the
patriarchal system in A Doll’s House harms women because they do not have
important role in family until they are marginalized and oppresed. The last, the
massage conveyed by Henrik Ibsen in A Doll’s House is to open an insight especially
for women about their social status to do many activities in public to compete with
men.
Keyword: patriarchal system, man’s domination, women struggle.
vii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
I Thank Allah the Almighty who has given me his blessing, mercy
and the good opportunity to finish my graduating paper entitled “Patriarchy
in Society reflected at Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879): Feminist
Approach”.
This graduating paper is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to
gain the bachelor degree in School of Teacher Training and Education of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
In finishing this graduating paper, I really appreciate the people who
have helped me. They are:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., the first consultant for the great help,
advice and guidance;
2. Titis Setyabudi SS, M.Hum., the second consultant for the great help and
other tremendous helps as well;
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, S.Pd, M.Hum., as the Head of English Education
Departement;
4. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, as the Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education;
5. Giri Lumakto, S.Pd., the academic advisor for the guidance during my study;
viii
6. All lecturers of English Departement who have given knowledge patiently to
me;
7. Both of her lovely parents Ayah dan Ibu for their tremendous affection and
immortal prays.
8. My beloved friends Fitri ‘Amalia, Wahyu Cahyani, Mba Harsiti, Agus
Saputro and Mba Suci who have encouraged and motivated me. I could not
get it all without your support.
9. My beloved friends in IMM Cabang Sukoharjo: Taufiq, Mba Iin, Afni
Salsabila, Arif Rahmad, Irfan Anshori, Rijal Khermawan, Ida Nafila,
Muflihah, Febriarni, Sukasmin, Jejen, Aiman, Suaqi, Atho’, etc who give me
the mean of family. Thank you very much.
10. My beloved friends in English Education Departement: Dieta Susanti, Monik
Karina and Annis Syafa’at for the time shared and attention;
11. All of the Departement English Education Students.
I consider that this research is not perfect, so I hope many criticism
and advice to make this paper better.
Finally, I hope this graduating paper can be useful for education and
can inspire everyone.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
The writer
ix
2015
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE......................................................................................................
i
APRROVAL...........................................................................................
iii
LEGITIMATION....................................................................................
iv
MOTTO....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION.........................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................
vii
ACKNOWLEDMENT..............................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................
x
CHAPTER I :
1
INTODUCTION....................................................
A. Background of Study........................................ 4
B. Literature Review.............................................. 5
C. Problem Statement............................................. 10
D. Research Limitation........................................... 10
E. Objective of the Study....................................... 10
F. Benefit of the Study........................................... 11
G. Research Method................................................ 11
H. Paper Organization.............................................. 13
CHAPTER II :
UNDERLYING THEORY...................................... 15
A. Feminist Literary Criticism................................. 15
B. Basic Principle of Liberal Feminist.................... 19
1. Patriarchy System......................................... 20
x
2. Women’s Position........................................ 23
3. Women’s Right............................................ 24
4. Women’s Role.............................................. 24
5. Women’s Participation................................. 25
C. Theoritical Application....................................... 26
CHAPTER III :
SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
NORWAY IN NINETEENTH CENTURY........... 27
A. Social Background of Norway........................... 27
B. The Life of Ibsen................................................ 32
CHAPTER IV :
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .................................. 40
A. Structural Elements............................................ 40
1. Character and Characterization.................... 40
a. Major Character..................................... 40
(1) Nora Helmer.................................... 40
(2) Torvald Helmer................................ 41
(3) Dr. Rank.......................................... 42
(4) Mrs. Linde....................................... 43
(5) Nils Krogstad................................... 43
b. Minor Character..................................... 44
(1) Ivar, Bob, Emmy.............................. 44
(2) Helen................................................ 44
(3) Anne................................................. 44
(4) Poter................................................ 45
xi
2. Setting......................................................... 45
a. Setting of Place..................................... 45
b. Setting of Time...................................... 46
3. Plot............................................................... 47
a. Exposition............................................... 47
b. Complication........................................... 48
c. Climax..................................................... 50
d. Resolution............................................... 51
e. Causality................................................. 52
f. Plausability............................................. 53
4. Point of View............................................... 53
5. Style.............................................................. 54
a. Grammatical Structure............................ 54
b. Sentence Structure.................................. 54
c. Diction.................................................... 55
d. Figurative Language............................... 55
e. Symbol.................................................... 57
6. Theme.......................................................... 57
B. Discussion.......................................................... 59
CHAPTER V :
FEMINIST ANALYSIS........................................
64
A. Feminist Prespective......................................... 64
1. Patriarchal System...................................... 65
2. Women’s Position....................................... 67
xii
3. Women’s Role.............................................. 69
4. Women’s Right............................................ 70
5. Women’s Participation................................. 72
B. Discussion.......................................................... 74
CHAPTER VI :
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS................
76
A. Conclusion......................................................... 76
B. Suggestion ........................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xiii
77