Wikileaks dan Demokrasi.
Pikiran Rakyat
baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE
o LKJIHGFEDCBA
S e la s a
o Rabu
4
®
o M ar
6
5
21
O Apr
7
22
O M ei
o
o
K a m is
8
9
23
O Jun
Wikileaks d a n Demokrasi
O le h Y U L IU S T A N D Y A N T O
U N IA in te rn a s io n a l
h e b o h . S itu s W ik ile a k s
y a n g d ig a w a n g i o le h J u lia n A s s a n g e m e m b u k a s is i la in
te n ta n g h u b u n g a n in te rn a s io n a l: d ip lo m a s i y a n g ra p u h . K e h a d ira n W ik ile a k s s e ja k 2 0 0 6
s e b a g a i s itu s y a n g m e n y e d ia k a n
b e ra g a m in fo rm a s i d a n d o k u m e n ra h a s ia , m a u ta k m a u
h a m s d ip e rh itu n g k a n s e b a g a i
p e d a n g b e rm a ta d u a b a g i
s ta b ilita s g lo b a l.
T e n tu k e h a d ira n m e d ia b a ru
in i m e n u a i p u jia n d a n k ritik .
S a la h s a tu p e n g h a rg a a n y a n g
s e m p a t d ira ih n y a a d a la h U K
M e d ia A w a rd d a ri o rg a n is a s i h a k a s a s i m a n u s ia , A m n e s ty In te rn a tio n a l u n tu k p u b lik a s i ta h u n 2 0 0 8 . P u b lik a s i in i b e rk is a h m e n g e n a i p e m b u n u h a n y a n g d ila k u k a n o le h p o lis i d i K e n y a d e n g a n
ju d u l " K e n y a : T h e C ry B lo o d - E x tra J u d ic ia l K illin g s a n d D is a p p e a ra n c e s " y a n g d ig a ra p o le h K o m is i N a s io n a l H a k A s a s i M a n u s ia K e n y a . N a m u n , o rg a n is a s i y a n g s a m a ju g a m e n g k ritik W ik ile a k s k a re n a m e m b u k a d o k u m e n ra h a s ia m e n g e n a i p e ra n g A fg a n is ta n y a n g a k a n m e n g a n c a m k e s e la m a ta n w a rg a A fg a n is ta n
( H e r a l d S u n , 1 1 / 8 / 2 0 1 0 ) . K o n tro v e rs i d a n k ritik b a g i W ik ile a k s
te ru s b e rla n ju t s e irin g d e n g a n p e m u n c u la n d o k u m e n -d o k u m e n
p e ra n g Ira k (O k to b e r 2 0 1 0 ) d a n k a b e l d ip lo m a tik A m e rik a
S e rik a t (N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 0 ) .
T e rle p a s d a ri p u jia n d a n k ritik , W ik ile a k s m e n y a ta k a n d irin y a
s e b a g a i o rg a n is a s i n o n p ro fit y a n g b e rtu ju a n u n tu k m e m b e b e rk a n
re z im o to rite r d i k a w a s a n A s ia , b e k a s n e g a ra -n e g a ra R u s ia , A frik a , d a n T im u r T e n g a h . D i s a m p in g itu , W ik ile a k s ju g a b e rs e d ia
m e m b a n tu u n tu k m e n g u n g k a p k a n p e rila k u tid a k e tis d a n k e tid a k a d ila n s u a tu p e m e rin ta h a n d i w ila y a h y a n g m e m b u tu h k a n
d u k u n g a n n y a . D e n g a n tu ju a n in i, m u n g k in s a ja W ik ile a k s m e n c o b a u n tu k m e n g e m b a lik a n d e m o k ra s i p a d a m a s y a ra k a t d e n g a n
c a ra m e m b u k a s a lu ra n in fo rm a s i s e lu a s -Iu a s n y a b a g i p u b lik .
H a ra p a n n y a , tra n s p a ra n s i d a n k e m e rd e k a a n in fo rm a s i in i d a p a t
d im a n fa a tk a n o le h m a s y a ra k a t u n tu k m e n e n tu k a n m a n a y a n g .
b a ik u n tu k d irin y a .
D
N a m u n , s e b e b a s -b e b a s n y a s is te m d e m o k ra s i, te ta p a d a s is i ra h a s ia y a n g p e rlu d is im p a n . S e tid a k n y a fu tu ris A lv in T o ffle r m e n g u n g k a p k a n , jik a p a rle m e n d a n p e m e rin ta h s u lit u n tu k m e n g o n tro l s itu a s i--k e tik a d a ta in te lije n b e rc a m p u r-b a u r d e n g a n
k e g ia ta n s e h a ri-h a ri m a s y a ra k a t, b e g itu te rd e s e n tra lis a s i, ju g a ta k
a d a b a ta s y a n g je la s a n ta ra k e p e n tin g a n p rib a d i d a n b is n is s e h in g g a m e n ia d a k a n k o n tro l
24
Jum at
o
o
S a b tu
M in g g u
10
11
12
13
14
15
25
26
27
28
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30
O Jul
O Ags
O Sep
O N ov
O O kt
. y a n g e fe k tif--m a k a d e m o k ra s i
b e ra d a d i a m b a n g k e h a n c u ra n
(P o w e s h ift, 1 9 9 1 ) . A p a la g i s a a t
in i k ita ju g a b e rh a d a p a n d e n g a n a k s i te ro ris m e , p e la n g g a ra n h a k a s a s i m a n u s ia
(H A M ), k e c e n d e ru n g a n to ta lita ria n is m e , d a n k e lo m p o k k e lo m p o k fa n a tik y a n g b e rb a h a y a . S u k a ta k s u k a d e m o k ra s i
tid a k a k a n b e rta h a n ta n p a ra -
•
31
D es
W ild le a k s je la s m e n ja d i m o m e n tu m
bagi
k ita u n tu k m e n im b a n g
k e m b a li e fe k tiv ita s s is te m d e m o k r a s i
yang
s e d a n g b e r la n g s u n g ,
h a s ia .
k h u s u s n y a te n ta n g k e D e n g a n d e m ik ia n , k e ra h a s im e r d e k a a n in fo r m a s i.
a a n d a n tra n s p a ra n s i in fo rm a s i m e ru p a k a n d u a s is i
B a g a im a n a p u n
s e tia p
d e m o k ra s i y a n g ta k te rp ih a k p e r lu m e m p is a h k a n . P a d a titik in ila h k ita
h a m s m a m p u u n tu k m e n g e lo b e r ik a n d u k u n g a n d e la in fo rm a s i y a n g b e rs ifa t ra m i te r c a p a in y a k e b e h a s ia d a n b e rs ifa t u m u m .
D a la m k o n te k s k ita ,
naran dan m em m a s y a ra k a t p e rlu d id o ro n g
bongkar kebobrokan.
b a h w a k ita tid a k p e rlu ta k u t
u n tu k m e n g a k s e s in fo rm a s i
k a re n a h a k k ita d ija m in o le h
, ,
U n d a n g -U n d a n g N o . 1 4 T a h u n
.
2 0 0 8 te n ta n g K e te b u k a a n In fo rm a s i P u b lik . D i s is i y a n g la in ,
m a s y a ra k a tju g a ja n g a n
s a m p a i b e rs ik a p a n tip a ti te rh a d a p R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g -U n d a n g (R U U ) R a h a s ia N e g a ra y ~ g s e d a n ?
.
d ib a h a s . M e m a n g p a d a k e n y a ta a n n y a p e n g e lo la a n in fo rm a s i im
tid a k m u d a h a p a la g i te rk a it d e n g a n in fo rm a s i y a n g s e n s itif s e p e rti p e n g u n g k a p a n k a s u s k e m a tia n a k tiv is H A M In d o n e s ia , M u n ir
S a id T h a lib .
S a la h s a tu k a b e l W ik ile a k s y a n g d ila p o rk a n o le h s itu s H A M ,
w w w .h u m a n rig h tfirs t.o rg , m e n g in fo rm a s ik a n m u n c u ln y a b u k ti
te n ta n g p e la k u in te le k tu a l p e m b u n u h a n M u n ir. S o n ta k s a ja la p o ra n y a n g d itu lis D a v id D a n z ig b e rju d u l 'W ik ile a k s C a b le s : E v id e n ts in H a n d P o in ts to " M a s te rm in d " B e h in d A s s a s in a tio n o f
P ro m in e n t In d o n e s ia n R ig h t A c tiv is t" m e n im b u l
b e ra g a m
ta n g g a p a n p ro -k o n tra d a ri m a s y a ra k a t. S e tid a k n y a
a h s a tu
c a ra u n tu k m e n a n g g a p i la p o ra n te rs e b u t a d a la h m e la k u k a n
v e rifik a s i.
J u rn a lis B ill K o v a c h d a n T o m R o s e n s tie l ju g a m e n y e b u tk a n
d is ip lin v e rifik a s i s e b a g a i in tis a riju rn a lis m e .
M u n g k in K o v a c h
d a n R o s e n s tie l m e lih a t d is ip lin v e rifik a s i s a n g a t b e rh u b u n g a n
d e n g a n k e te rb u k a a n m e to d e d a n s u m b e r-s u m b e r in fo rm a s in y a
s e h in g g a p e n g u n g k a p a n k e b e n a ra n m e n ja d i tu ju a n u ta m ~ y a .
W ik ile a k s je la s m e n ja d i m o m e n tu m b a g i k ita u n tu k m e m m b a n g k e m b a li e fe k tiv ita s s is te m d e m o k ra s i y a n g s e d a n g b e rla n g s u n g , k h u s u s n y a te n ta n g k e m e rd e k a a n in fo rm a s i. B a g a im a n a p u n
s e tia p p ih a k p e rlu m e m b e rik a n d u k u n g a n d e m i te rc a p a in y a
k e b e n a ra n d a n m e m b o n g k a r k e b o b ro k a n .
K e ra p k a li n y a w a m e n ja d i ta ru h a n n y a s e p e rti y a n g d ia la m i
w a rta w a n ta b lo id P e l a n g i , A lfre ts M iru le w a n ( 2 8 ) s a a t m e lip u t
k e la n g k a a n b a h a n b a k a r d i A m b o n b a ru -b a ru in i. J e n a z a h n y a
d ite m u k a n d i p e la b u h a n P a n ta i W o n re li, K is a r, M a lu k u B a ra t
D a y a , J u m a t d in i h a ri, 1 7 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 0 .
N a m u n , s e la m a m a s y a ra k a t b e ra n i m e m p e rju a n g k a n k e b e n a ra n , s e la m a itu p u la h a ra p a n u n tu k m e n c ip ta k a n m a s y a ra k a t
m a d a n i ta k a k a n p u d a r.* * *
Penulis,
m u n ik a s i
m a h a s is w a ju r u s a n
J u r n a lis tik
U n iv e r s ita s P a d ja d ja r a n
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
Bandung.
F a k u lta s Ilm u K o -
baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE
o LKJIHGFEDCBA
S e la s a
o Rabu
4
®
o M ar
6
5
21
O Apr
7
22
O M ei
o
o
K a m is
8
9
23
O Jun
Wikileaks d a n Demokrasi
O le h Y U L IU S T A N D Y A N T O
U N IA in te rn a s io n a l
h e b o h . S itu s W ik ile a k s
y a n g d ig a w a n g i o le h J u lia n A s s a n g e m e m b u k a s is i la in
te n ta n g h u b u n g a n in te rn a s io n a l: d ip lo m a s i y a n g ra p u h . K e h a d ira n W ik ile a k s s e ja k 2 0 0 6
s e b a g a i s itu s y a n g m e n y e d ia k a n
b e ra g a m in fo rm a s i d a n d o k u m e n ra h a s ia , m a u ta k m a u
h a m s d ip e rh itu n g k a n s e b a g a i
p e d a n g b e rm a ta d u a b a g i
s ta b ilita s g lo b a l.
T e n tu k e h a d ira n m e d ia b a ru
in i m e n u a i p u jia n d a n k ritik .
S a la h s a tu p e n g h a rg a a n y a n g
s e m p a t d ira ih n y a a d a la h U K
M e d ia A w a rd d a ri o rg a n is a s i h a k a s a s i m a n u s ia , A m n e s ty In te rn a tio n a l u n tu k p u b lik a s i ta h u n 2 0 0 8 . P u b lik a s i in i b e rk is a h m e n g e n a i p e m b u n u h a n y a n g d ila k u k a n o le h p o lis i d i K e n y a d e n g a n
ju d u l " K e n y a : T h e C ry B lo o d - E x tra J u d ic ia l K illin g s a n d D is a p p e a ra n c e s " y a n g d ig a ra p o le h K o m is i N a s io n a l H a k A s a s i M a n u s ia K e n y a . N a m u n , o rg a n is a s i y a n g s a m a ju g a m e n g k ritik W ik ile a k s k a re n a m e m b u k a d o k u m e n ra h a s ia m e n g e n a i p e ra n g A fg a n is ta n y a n g a k a n m e n g a n c a m k e s e la m a ta n w a rg a A fg a n is ta n
( H e r a l d S u n , 1 1 / 8 / 2 0 1 0 ) . K o n tro v e rs i d a n k ritik b a g i W ik ile a k s
te ru s b e rla n ju t s e irin g d e n g a n p e m u n c u la n d o k u m e n -d o k u m e n
p e ra n g Ira k (O k to b e r 2 0 1 0 ) d a n k a b e l d ip lo m a tik A m e rik a
S e rik a t (N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 0 ) .
T e rle p a s d a ri p u jia n d a n k ritik , W ik ile a k s m e n y a ta k a n d irin y a
s e b a g a i o rg a n is a s i n o n p ro fit y a n g b e rtu ju a n u n tu k m e m b e b e rk a n
re z im o to rite r d i k a w a s a n A s ia , b e k a s n e g a ra -n e g a ra R u s ia , A frik a , d a n T im u r T e n g a h . D i s a m p in g itu , W ik ile a k s ju g a b e rs e d ia
m e m b a n tu u n tu k m e n g u n g k a p k a n p e rila k u tid a k e tis d a n k e tid a k a d ila n s u a tu p e m e rin ta h a n d i w ila y a h y a n g m e m b u tu h k a n
d u k u n g a n n y a . D e n g a n tu ju a n in i, m u n g k in s a ja W ik ile a k s m e n c o b a u n tu k m e n g e m b a lik a n d e m o k ra s i p a d a m a s y a ra k a t d e n g a n
c a ra m e m b u k a s a lu ra n in fo rm a s i s e lu a s -Iu a s n y a b a g i p u b lik .
H a ra p a n n y a , tra n s p a ra n s i d a n k e m e rd e k a a n in fo rm a s i in i d a p a t
d im a n fa a tk a n o le h m a s y a ra k a t u n tu k m e n e n tu k a n m a n a y a n g .
b a ik u n tu k d irin y a .
D
N a m u n , s e b e b a s -b e b a s n y a s is te m d e m o k ra s i, te ta p a d a s is i ra h a s ia y a n g p e rlu d is im p a n . S e tid a k n y a fu tu ris A lv in T o ffle r m e n g u n g k a p k a n , jik a p a rle m e n d a n p e m e rin ta h s u lit u n tu k m e n g o n tro l s itu a s i--k e tik a d a ta in te lije n b e rc a m p u r-b a u r d e n g a n
k e g ia ta n s e h a ri-h a ri m a s y a ra k a t, b e g itu te rd e s e n tra lis a s i, ju g a ta k
a d a b a ta s y a n g je la s a n ta ra k e p e n tin g a n p rib a d i d a n b is n is s e h in g g a m e n ia d a k a n k o n tro l
24
Jum at
o
o
S a b tu
M in g g u
10
11
12
13
14
15
25
26
27
28
29
30
O Jul
O Ags
O Sep
O N ov
O O kt
. y a n g e fe k tif--m a k a d e m o k ra s i
b e ra d a d i a m b a n g k e h a n c u ra n
(P o w e s h ift, 1 9 9 1 ) . A p a la g i s a a t
in i k ita ju g a b e rh a d a p a n d e n g a n a k s i te ro ris m e , p e la n g g a ra n h a k a s a s i m a n u s ia
(H A M ), k e c e n d e ru n g a n to ta lita ria n is m e , d a n k e lo m p o k k e lo m p o k fa n a tik y a n g b e rb a h a y a . S u k a ta k s u k a d e m o k ra s i
tid a k a k a n b e rta h a n ta n p a ra -
•
31
D es
W ild le a k s je la s m e n ja d i m o m e n tu m
bagi
k ita u n tu k m e n im b a n g
k e m b a li e fe k tiv ita s s is te m d e m o k r a s i
yang
s e d a n g b e r la n g s u n g ,
h a s ia .
k h u s u s n y a te n ta n g k e D e n g a n d e m ik ia n , k e ra h a s im e r d e k a a n in fo r m a s i.
a a n d a n tra n s p a ra n s i in fo rm a s i m e ru p a k a n d u a s is i
B a g a im a n a p u n
s e tia p
d e m o k ra s i y a n g ta k te rp ih a k p e r lu m e m p is a h k a n . P a d a titik in ila h k ita
h a m s m a m p u u n tu k m e n g e lo b e r ik a n d u k u n g a n d e la in fo rm a s i y a n g b e rs ifa t ra m i te r c a p a in y a k e b e h a s ia d a n b e rs ifa t u m u m .
D a la m k o n te k s k ita ,
naran dan m em m a s y a ra k a t p e rlu d id o ro n g
bongkar kebobrokan.
b a h w a k ita tid a k p e rlu ta k u t
u n tu k m e n g a k s e s in fo rm a s i
k a re n a h a k k ita d ija m in o le h
, ,
U n d a n g -U n d a n g N o . 1 4 T a h u n
.
2 0 0 8 te n ta n g K e te b u k a a n In fo rm a s i P u b lik . D i s is i y a n g la in ,
m a s y a ra k a tju g a ja n g a n
s a m p a i b e rs ik a p a n tip a ti te rh a d a p R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g -U n d a n g (R U U ) R a h a s ia N e g a ra y ~ g s e d a n ?
.
d ib a h a s . M e m a n g p a d a k e n y a ta a n n y a p e n g e lo la a n in fo rm a s i im
tid a k m u d a h a p a la g i te rk a it d e n g a n in fo rm a s i y a n g s e n s itif s e p e rti p e n g u n g k a p a n k a s u s k e m a tia n a k tiv is H A M In d o n e s ia , M u n ir
S a id T h a lib .
S a la h s a tu k a b e l W ik ile a k s y a n g d ila p o rk a n o le h s itu s H A M ,
w w w .h u m a n rig h tfirs t.o rg , m e n g in fo rm a s ik a n m u n c u ln y a b u k ti
te n ta n g p e la k u in te le k tu a l p e m b u n u h a n M u n ir. S o n ta k s a ja la p o ra n y a n g d itu lis D a v id D a n z ig b e rju d u l 'W ik ile a k s C a b le s : E v id e n ts in H a n d P o in ts to " M a s te rm in d " B e h in d A s s a s in a tio n o f
P ro m in e n t In d o n e s ia n R ig h t A c tiv is t" m e n im b u l
b e ra g a m
ta n g g a p a n p ro -k o n tra d a ri m a s y a ra k a t. S e tid a k n y a
a h s a tu
c a ra u n tu k m e n a n g g a p i la p o ra n te rs e b u t a d a la h m e la k u k a n
v e rifik a s i.
J u rn a lis B ill K o v a c h d a n T o m R o s e n s tie l ju g a m e n y e b u tk a n
d is ip lin v e rifik a s i s e b a g a i in tis a riju rn a lis m e .
M u n g k in K o v a c h
d a n R o s e n s tie l m e lih a t d is ip lin v e rifik a s i s a n g a t b e rh u b u n g a n
d e n g a n k e te rb u k a a n m e to d e d a n s u m b e r-s u m b e r in fo rm a s in y a
s e h in g g a p e n g u n g k a p a n k e b e n a ra n m e n ja d i tu ju a n u ta m ~ y a .
W ik ile a k s je la s m e n ja d i m o m e n tu m b a g i k ita u n tu k m e m m b a n g k e m b a li e fe k tiv ita s s is te m d e m o k ra s i y a n g s e d a n g b e rla n g s u n g , k h u s u s n y a te n ta n g k e m e rd e k a a n in fo rm a s i. B a g a im a n a p u n
s e tia p p ih a k p e rlu m e m b e rik a n d u k u n g a n d e m i te rc a p a in y a
k e b e n a ra n d a n m e m b o n g k a r k e b o b ro k a n .
K e ra p k a li n y a w a m e n ja d i ta ru h a n n y a s e p e rti y a n g d ia la m i
w a rta w a n ta b lo id P e l a n g i , A lfre ts M iru le w a n ( 2 8 ) s a a t m e lip u t
k e la n g k a a n b a h a n b a k a r d i A m b o n b a ru -b a ru in i. J e n a z a h n y a
d ite m u k a n d i p e la b u h a n P a n ta i W o n re li, K is a r, M a lu k u B a ra t
D a y a , J u m a t d in i h a ri, 1 7 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 0 .
N a m u n , s e la m a m a s y a ra k a t b e ra n i m e m p e rju a n g k a n k e b e n a ra n , s e la m a itu p u la h a ra p a n u n tu k m e n c ip ta k a n m a s y a ra k a t
m a d a n i ta k a k a n p u d a r.* * *
Penulis,
m u n ik a s i
m a h a s is w a ju r u s a n
J u r n a lis tik
U n iv e r s ita s P a d ja d ja r a n
Kliping Humas Unpad 2010
Bandung.
F a k u lta s Ilm u K o -