Fitur Semantik Dalam Kata Kerja Bahasa Inggris yang Mengandung Arti "To Help".
THE SEMANTIC FEATURES ON ENGLISH VERB
CONTAINING MEANING “TO HELP”
MADE ARINDRA KRISANO
1118351043
NON-REGULAR PROGRAM
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first thank I directed to the Almighty God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi
Wasa for his guidance. This writing would not be finished as it is right now
without any support and encouragement from so many people. Therefore, I have
to thank those who have supported and encouraged me with their suggestion, love,
and prayer.
I would like to thank my family members because without them I will
never finish this final task right now. I devote this thankfulness especially for my
father and my mother who have worked so hard all this time to support me
financially and also pray all this night and day to support me spiritually.
I also want to express my gratitude to Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas
Indrawati. Dip. TEFL. M.A. who is my advisor for his priceless assistance and
generous guidance both during research activities as well as in the several
revisions and A. A. Sg. Shanti Sari Dewi. S. S. M. Hum., M. App. Ling. as my coadvisor for her numerous valuable suggestion to make this undergraduate thesis
better.
Moreover, I would like to thank my friends who thoroughly support
me to finish this undergraduate thesis as soon as possible. Thank you to all of you
guys. I hope you finish your undergraduate thesis soon.
Last but certainly not least, I would like to thank everyone in the
English Department namely all of my lecturers, friends, and the secretariat staff.
For my friends, too many of course to mention all of them one by one but I would
like to express my thanks. I know that we have been through sadness and
happiness together. Good Luck for all of you guys and May God always be with
you.
Denpasar, Maret 2015
Made Arindra Krisano
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................................vi
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.............................................................................1
1.1 Background of The Study .....................................................................1
1.2 Problems of The Study .........................................................................2
1.3 Aims of The Study ................................................................................3
1.4 Scope of Discussion ..............................................................................3
1.5 Research Method ..................................................................................3
1.5.1 Data Source .................................................................................3
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .................................4
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .................................4
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW .............................................................7
2.1 Review of Literature .............................................................................7
2.2 Concepts................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Semantic Features........................................................................10
iv
2.2.2 Referent and Reference ...............................................................10
2.2.3 Verbs ...........................................................................................11
2.2.4 Linguistic Meaning......................................................................12
2.2.4.1 Word Meaning...............................................................12
2.2.4.2 Sentential Meaning ........................................................14
2.2.5 Synonym ......................................................................................15
2.2.6 Componential Analysis ...............................................................16
2.3 Theoritical Framework .........................................................................18
2.3.1 Theory of Synonym .....................................................................19
2.3.2 Theory of Word Meaning ............................................................20
2.3.3 Theory of Componential Analysis ..............................................21
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS .....................................................................................24
3.1 The Lexical Meaning Containing Meaning To Help ............................24
3.2 The Semantic Features of English Verb ...............................................45
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION...............................................................................61
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................63
APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................65
Appendix 1 ...................................................................................................65
Appendix 2 ...................................................................................................67
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 ......................................................................................................................5
Table 2 ......................................................................................................................21
Table 3 ......................................................................................................................23
Table 4 ......................................................................................................................26
Table 5 ......................................................................................................................28
Table 6 ......................................................................................................................30
Table 7 ......................................................................................................................32
Table 8 ......................................................................................................................34
Table 9 ......................................................................................................................36
Table 10......................................................................................................................38
Table 11......................................................................................................................40
Table 12......................................................................................................................42
Table 13......................................................................................................................44
Table 14......................................................................................................................46
Table 15......................................................................................................................47
Table 16......................................................................................................................48
Table 17......................................................................................................................50
Table 18......................................................................................................................51
Table 19......................................................................................................................53
vi
Table 20......................................................................................................................55
Table 21......................................................................................................................56
Table 22......................................................................................................................58
Table 23......................................................................................................................59
vii
ABSTRACT
This writing entitled The Semantic Features on English Verbs Containing
Meaning “To Help”. The English verb containing meaning to help is chosen
because it is one of English verbs with many near synonyms. Since synonymous
words have the same meaning in some concepts, it means that some other
concepts are different. Since they are different in meaning, they cannot be used
interchangeably.
Regarding to the explanation, there were two problems conveyed through
this discusssion. First, it is to find out the lexical meaning of each verb containing
meaning “to help” through three different dictionaries. Second, it is to highlight
the differences of each verb meaning “to help” through the semantic features.
The theory applied in this study mainly based on Linguistic theories that
involve word meaning and sentential meaning, synonyms, and theory on
componential analysis to support the analysis. The componential analysis were
used as the approach.
After analyzing the whole data, three things were obtained. First, using the
semantic features, the features of the verbs can be categorized into content,
circumstance, and the reason for helping. There are 10 features on content of
helping such as information, approval, idea or suggestion, physical support, place
or shelter, money, foods, goods, transportation, emotional support, protection.
There are 3 features on the circumstance such as dangerous or harmful situation,
formal (publication), common. There are 6 features on the reason for helping such
as, to give/provide someone with something, make someone more determined or
confident, improve someone’s performance, make something easier, to persuade
someone, make someone excited or inspired. Second, the features of each verb
can be identified explicitly through the choice of words and implicitly by looking
at the context. Third, each verb meaning to help has their own difference based on
their features.
viii
CONTAINING MEANING “TO HELP”
MADE ARINDRA KRISANO
1118351043
NON-REGULAR PROGRAM
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My first thank I directed to the Almighty God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi
Wasa for his guidance. This writing would not be finished as it is right now
without any support and encouragement from so many people. Therefore, I have
to thank those who have supported and encouraged me with their suggestion, love,
and prayer.
I would like to thank my family members because without them I will
never finish this final task right now. I devote this thankfulness especially for my
father and my mother who have worked so hard all this time to support me
financially and also pray all this night and day to support me spiritually.
I also want to express my gratitude to Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas
Indrawati. Dip. TEFL. M.A. who is my advisor for his priceless assistance and
generous guidance both during research activities as well as in the several
revisions and A. A. Sg. Shanti Sari Dewi. S. S. M. Hum., M. App. Ling. as my coadvisor for her numerous valuable suggestion to make this undergraduate thesis
better.
Moreover, I would like to thank my friends who thoroughly support
me to finish this undergraduate thesis as soon as possible. Thank you to all of you
guys. I hope you finish your undergraduate thesis soon.
Last but certainly not least, I would like to thank everyone in the
English Department namely all of my lecturers, friends, and the secretariat staff.
For my friends, too many of course to mention all of them one by one but I would
like to express my thanks. I know that we have been through sadness and
happiness together. Good Luck for all of you guys and May God always be with
you.
Denpasar, Maret 2015
Made Arindra Krisano
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................................vi
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.............................................................................1
1.1 Background of The Study .....................................................................1
1.2 Problems of The Study .........................................................................2
1.3 Aims of The Study ................................................................................3
1.4 Scope of Discussion ..............................................................................3
1.5 Research Method ..................................................................................3
1.5.1 Data Source .................................................................................3
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .................................4
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .................................4
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW .............................................................7
2.1 Review of Literature .............................................................................7
2.2 Concepts................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Semantic Features........................................................................10
iv
2.2.2 Referent and Reference ...............................................................10
2.2.3 Verbs ...........................................................................................11
2.2.4 Linguistic Meaning......................................................................12
2.2.4.1 Word Meaning...............................................................12
2.2.4.2 Sentential Meaning ........................................................14
2.2.5 Synonym ......................................................................................15
2.2.6 Componential Analysis ...............................................................16
2.3 Theoritical Framework .........................................................................18
2.3.1 Theory of Synonym .....................................................................19
2.3.2 Theory of Word Meaning ............................................................20
2.3.3 Theory of Componential Analysis ..............................................21
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS .....................................................................................24
3.1 The Lexical Meaning Containing Meaning To Help ............................24
3.2 The Semantic Features of English Verb ...............................................45
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION...............................................................................61
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................63
APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................65
Appendix 1 ...................................................................................................65
Appendix 2 ...................................................................................................67
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 ......................................................................................................................5
Table 2 ......................................................................................................................21
Table 3 ......................................................................................................................23
Table 4 ......................................................................................................................26
Table 5 ......................................................................................................................28
Table 6 ......................................................................................................................30
Table 7 ......................................................................................................................32
Table 8 ......................................................................................................................34
Table 9 ......................................................................................................................36
Table 10......................................................................................................................38
Table 11......................................................................................................................40
Table 12......................................................................................................................42
Table 13......................................................................................................................44
Table 14......................................................................................................................46
Table 15......................................................................................................................47
Table 16......................................................................................................................48
Table 17......................................................................................................................50
Table 18......................................................................................................................51
Table 19......................................................................................................................53
vi
Table 20......................................................................................................................55
Table 21......................................................................................................................56
Table 22......................................................................................................................58
Table 23......................................................................................................................59
vii
ABSTRACT
This writing entitled The Semantic Features on English Verbs Containing
Meaning “To Help”. The English verb containing meaning to help is chosen
because it is one of English verbs with many near synonyms. Since synonymous
words have the same meaning in some concepts, it means that some other
concepts are different. Since they are different in meaning, they cannot be used
interchangeably.
Regarding to the explanation, there were two problems conveyed through
this discusssion. First, it is to find out the lexical meaning of each verb containing
meaning “to help” through three different dictionaries. Second, it is to highlight
the differences of each verb meaning “to help” through the semantic features.
The theory applied in this study mainly based on Linguistic theories that
involve word meaning and sentential meaning, synonyms, and theory on
componential analysis to support the analysis. The componential analysis were
used as the approach.
After analyzing the whole data, three things were obtained. First, using the
semantic features, the features of the verbs can be categorized into content,
circumstance, and the reason for helping. There are 10 features on content of
helping such as information, approval, idea or suggestion, physical support, place
or shelter, money, foods, goods, transportation, emotional support, protection.
There are 3 features on the circumstance such as dangerous or harmful situation,
formal (publication), common. There are 6 features on the reason for helping such
as, to give/provide someone with something, make someone more determined or
confident, improve someone’s performance, make something easier, to persuade
someone, make someone excited or inspired. Second, the features of each verb
can be identified explicitly through the choice of words and implicitly by looking
at the context. Third, each verb meaning to help has their own difference based on
their features.
viii