T1__BAB II Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Code Switching: A Case Study Code of Switching in English Department of Satya Wacana Christian University T1 BAB II
Previous Research
There were some researchers such asVelásquez, Jalil, and Manel who conducted a study
about code switching in the past. The first one wasVelásquez. Velásquez (2010)conducted a
research entitled Language and Identity: Bilingual Code-Switching in Spanish-English
Interviews. This research focused on the relationship in bilingual conversation between the first
language and the second language. The purpose of this study was to understand why and how
language alternation occured in bilingual and its potential connection with identity. The author
decided to analyze code-switching in conversations between bilingual participants because they
emerged naturally during a bilingual dialogue about the experiences of Spanish-speaking
students in schools. Because interviews are a social practice through which social meaning is
conveyed, code switching can be interpreted as part of cultural adaptation. The author presented
code switching in this study in which the participants recreated their own concept of identity.
The result of her study was the participants used code switching as part of the process in
constructing various identities such as immigrants, students, and bilinguals. This code switching
construction can be seen as a result and process that Spanish-English bilinguals employed to
denote that they were different from other groups of monolingual speakers. She recommended
others researchers to not do interview in research because the author felt that the participant
could not express their code switch freely when the data collection method was by doing
interview
Another study project oncode switching was done by Jalil.Jalil (2009) conducted a study
entitled Grammatical Perspectives on Code Switching . The focus of this study was to examine
the forms of code switching used by the participants. In this study, the author gave a literature
review in bilingualism and code switching to provide theoretical background for the data
analysis. The author used board game to collect the data. This board game was called Tell Me
About which had 17 different open topics for conversation in English. The participant’s job was
to give as many details as possible about the topic given. The participants were described in the
methods section, such as the criteria to be the participants of this studyand how the author
divided the group of the participants. Further explanation about the linguistic background and
material used for collecting the data wereincluded by the author in data collection method. The
result of his study was the participant usedintrasentential code-switching patterns to show their
feeling toward the topic given by Jalil because the participants felt more comfortable when they
code switch between their first language and their foreign language to express their feeling
toward the topic. For future research, he suggested that preliminary investigation on the level of
proficiency of the participants be carried out in an attempt to compare the proficiency of
participants and maybe to predict the types of code-switches they made more frequently. Also,
more patterns on possible switching sites should be developed in future research by using a
larger data set or by repeating this game under different conditions.
The third study was conducted by Manel (2010). Manel conducted a studyentitledCodeswitching Among English Students: A Case Study of Mentouri University-Constantine
Students.Thefocus of this studywasto show what, when and how code-switching occured. His
study was about code-switching among English University Students. The different patterns of
code switching were identified. The theoretical part of this studyconsisted of different
definitions, types, and causes of code switching. The result of this study shows that the more
languagethe students learnt, they tended to use code switching more often.The author suggested
for similar research about code switching to consider the data collection method and time
constraints. The author gave a suggestion to go through open thinking interview method.
The study was about code switching among English department students. The study
contained some information about the reason people code switch and some types of code switch.
The result of the study showed that all the participants which was English department students
tended to code switch when they talked to other people. The author suggested that for future
research, tried to take participants from different faculties as well.
There were some researchers such asVelásquez, Jalil, and Manel who conducted a study
about code switching in the past. The first one wasVelásquez. Velásquez (2010)conducted a
research entitled Language and Identity: Bilingual Code-Switching in Spanish-English
Interviews. This research focused on the relationship in bilingual conversation between the first
language and the second language. The purpose of this study was to understand why and how
language alternation occured in bilingual and its potential connection with identity. The author
decided to analyze code-switching in conversations between bilingual participants because they
emerged naturally during a bilingual dialogue about the experiences of Spanish-speaking
students in schools. Because interviews are a social practice through which social meaning is
conveyed, code switching can be interpreted as part of cultural adaptation. The author presented
code switching in this study in which the participants recreated their own concept of identity.
The result of her study was the participants used code switching as part of the process in
constructing various identities such as immigrants, students, and bilinguals. This code switching
construction can be seen as a result and process that Spanish-English bilinguals employed to
denote that they were different from other groups of monolingual speakers. She recommended
others researchers to not do interview in research because the author felt that the participant
could not express their code switch freely when the data collection method was by doing
interview
Another study project oncode switching was done by Jalil.Jalil (2009) conducted a study
entitled Grammatical Perspectives on Code Switching . The focus of this study was to examine
the forms of code switching used by the participants. In this study, the author gave a literature
review in bilingualism and code switching to provide theoretical background for the data
analysis. The author used board game to collect the data. This board game was called Tell Me
About which had 17 different open topics for conversation in English. The participant’s job was
to give as many details as possible about the topic given. The participants were described in the
methods section, such as the criteria to be the participants of this studyand how the author
divided the group of the participants. Further explanation about the linguistic background and
material used for collecting the data wereincluded by the author in data collection method. The
result of his study was the participant usedintrasentential code-switching patterns to show their
feeling toward the topic given by Jalil because the participants felt more comfortable when they
code switch between their first language and their foreign language to express their feeling
toward the topic. For future research, he suggested that preliminary investigation on the level of
proficiency of the participants be carried out in an attempt to compare the proficiency of
participants and maybe to predict the types of code-switches they made more frequently. Also,
more patterns on possible switching sites should be developed in future research by using a
larger data set or by repeating this game under different conditions.
The third study was conducted by Manel (2010). Manel conducted a studyentitledCodeswitching Among English Students: A Case Study of Mentouri University-Constantine
Students.Thefocus of this studywasto show what, when and how code-switching occured. His
study was about code-switching among English University Students. The different patterns of
code switching were identified. The theoretical part of this studyconsisted of different
definitions, types, and causes of code switching. The result of this study shows that the more
languagethe students learnt, they tended to use code switching more often.The author suggested
for similar research about code switching to consider the data collection method and time
constraints. The author gave a suggestion to go through open thinking interview method.
The study was about code switching among English department students. The study
contained some information about the reason people code switch and some types of code switch.
The result of the study showed that all the participants which was English department students
tended to code switch when they talked to other people. The author suggested that for future
research, tried to take participants from different faculties as well.