Space Planning
Space Planning, Design 103:
Choosing Colors, Fabrics and
Finishes
by Jessica Mahne, Janet Nelson
Whether planning a space on your own or working with a design team, the elements you include
work to bring a space to life. Appropriate colors, fabrics and finishes can also help a space stand
the test of time. Careful planning, applying basic design principles and consulting with a design
professional are worth the investment of both time and money.
There are 4 key elements for creating attractive and lasting spaces:
1.
Start with color
2.
Select appropriate upholstery materials and fabrics
3.
Consider furniture lifecycle issues
4.
Incorporate finishing touches
St. Michael Public Library, St. Michael, MN
1. Start with Color
Color is the starting point for establishing the desired atmosphere. Well chosen wall colors and
flooring in an appropriate color scheme create an attractive and inviting space. However, pairing
the right fabrics and finishes really pulls everything together. Since library environments often
need to last for 10–20 years, it’s important to carefully select colors in a way that allows for the
introduction of trendier colors over time but doesn’t overwhelm the space or apply those colors to
permanent structures.
Eastern Christian High School Library, North Haledon, NJ
Basic Color Schemes
A color wheel is a great resource to help you choose colors. Using the basics of color theory, you
can create a color harmony that is pleasing to the eye and can be implemented throughout a
space. Many different schemes can be created with different tints, tones and shades providing
exciting variations. For more information about color theory and choosing color harmonies, see
our on-demand webinar Make It Last: Choosing Colors, Fabrics & Finishes.
Tips for Selecting Color
60-30-10 Rule
Generally spaces benefit from incorporating more neutral tones into your scheme. Neutrals often
work well for some of the more permanent elements of the space such as walls, carpet and
shelving. More defined color can be introduced based on the different color harmonies to create
interest and organization within the space.
Choosing complementary schemes that go beyond primary colors or choosing a dominant hue
within a scheme creates interest and balance. One tip to achieve a cohesive look is to choose 3
shades and break them down using the 60-30-10 rule.
60% = Dominant color
30% = Secondary color
10% = Accent color
2. Select Appropriate Upholstery Materials and Fabrics
Choosing Colors and Patterns
Just as carefully planning a color scheme creates an attractive harmony within a space, the
same is also true when it comes to planning fabric patterns. Lounge seating is often one of the
best places to incorporate patterned fabrics. Choosing a dominant or common color across all of
your patterned selections is the first step to a cohesive space. Accents that draw out colors from
the pattern or provide pleasing complements can be added to prevent monotony within a space.
Consider not only using these accents in other upholstered pieces but also in pieces that
incorporate other materials such as painted steel and plastics.
Finally, varying the scale of your patterns will add interest and create a pleasing balance. A small,
medium and large scale can be used, but no more than one pattern of each scale should be
used within any one space. Surprisingly, the variation in patterns keeps spaces from feeling too
cluttered. Keep your flooring and other finishes in mind when making your pattern choices. For
example, if you plan to use large scale or dominant patterns in flooring, choose smaller scale
patterns or solid fabrics for your furniture.
Small Scale
Medium Scale
Large Scale
The Maharam fabrics above illustrate examples of different scales of fabric that work well
together in terms of color, scale, shape and texture.
Another consideration when it comes to determining fabrics is the style of furniture selected.
Ultra-modern patterns tend to look out of place when paired with classic furniture styles or a
traditional building interior. Nonetheless, careful consideration and balancing old and new can
create a very interesting, updated space. In addition, the activities that occur in a space affect
appropriate colors, patterns and material types. Consider the frequency of use for the space and
factors such as whether food and drinks are allowed.
Fabric Selections that Last
All fabrics have technical specifications that are good predictors of how they will perform over
time. Understand the properties, such as double-rubs and finishes, before falling in love with a
particular fabric. Each fabric manufacturer has a website that presents their product offering and
provides detailed technical specifications and care instructions for each fabric.
What impacts fabric performance? In the institutional market, one of the most important is
double-rubs which is a measure of durability. More specifically, resistance to abrasion which
indicates how the fabric will perform when repeatedly rubbed against another fabric. Generally,
fabric manufacturers consider fabrics with 30,000 or more double rubs to be appropriate for
heavy-duty use. For libraries, schools and other high-use environments fabrics rated for 100,000
double-rubs or more are recommended. Using fabrics with lower durability can be done, but
strategically placing those fabrics on areas of the furniture that receive less wear such as chair
backs versus seats is the best practice.
The other features that will significantly impact your furniture’s maintenance and wear are
coatings and finishes that enhance stain resistance and provide a moisture barrier. For example,
Crypton® fabrics feature fibers that resist moisture and stains and also have an integrated
moisture barrier. The result is easily cleanable furniture with a surface that repels moisture and
stains. Many other finishes, such as Teflon®, Nano-Tex™ and C-1™, enhance the ability to clean
fabrics. Note that the finish you may use often depends on the type of fabric it is being applied to.
Spills on Crypton® fabric
3. Consider Furniture Lifecycle Issues
Generally when you are purchasing furniture you get what you pay for and it is important to
understand the features that allow furniture to hold up and best support needs over time. The
amount of time you expect a piece of furniture to remain in service divided by its overall cost is a
measure of lifetime value that should be considered.
Getting the Most Out of Your Investment
Specifying contract grade furniture that is designed and manufactured for commercial use is a
best practice because the furniture will withstand the wear and tear of a public environment. The
upfront cost may seem high compared to residential products but the value will be demonstrated
in the long run. Providing unifying elements and repetition throughout the building adds value by
reducing the complexity of maintaining the facility. Consistent materials reduce the variation in
cleaning procedures and limiting the variety of fabrics and patterns selected in the furniture
makes it easier to replace items when damage occurs. In addition, remember to prioritize high
impact public spaces over private or employee spaces when investing in high-performance
fabrics and finishes.
Be sure to consider more neutral colors in furniture and architectural elements that are expected
to be more permanent or long term features. Furniture that is intended to be replaced more often
or has a lower price point is the perfect place to experiment with color.
Materials, Features and Technology
There are several other considerations beyond upholstery in commercial spaces:
Avoid veneer on horizontal surfaces, such as tables and the tops of shelving units.
Materials such as high-pressure laminate, Marmoleum® and Corian® provide more durable
surfaces that are easier to clean.
Choose armless chairs or use wood or plastic arm caps — arms are one of the first areas
to show wear on lounge chairs.
Specify casters on furniture that needs to be moved often. Not only does this add
flexibility, but it also maintains the integrity of the furniture and protects the carpet from
unnecessary wear.
Integrate convenient power access into your furniture and account for technology,
including wire management as you plan your space for flexibility in the future.
4. Incorporate Finishing Touches
Small details matter in your space. They add richness and depth and create a welcoming and
harmonious environment.
Elements to consider:
Artwork and signage adds color and personality. Depending on your budget and type of
space, you can utilize commercially available solutions or establish something unique and
customized that suits your environment.
Teen Space, Waupun Public Library, Waupun WI
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Plan for lighting beyond the overhead lighting; such as task lights at workstations,
pendant lamps over counters and floor lamps near lounge chairs. Lighting adds ambiance
and functionality.
Quiet room, Madison College, Madison, WI
Collaborative commons, Madison College, Madison, WI
Include unexpected features and focal points like a plant wall or a series of hanging mobiles.
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Space Planning, Design 103:
Choosing Colors, Fabrics and
Finishes
by Jessica Mahne, Janet Nelson
Whether planning a space on your own or working with a design team, the elements you include
work to bring a space to life. Appropriate colors, fabrics and finishes can also help a space stand
the test of time. Careful planning, applying basic design principles and consulting with a design
professional are worth the investment of both time and money.
There are 4 key elements for creating attractive and lasting spaces:
1.
Start with color
2.
Select appropriate upholstery materials and fabrics
3.
Consider furniture lifecycle issues
4.
Incorporate finishing touches
St. Michael Public Library, St. Michael, MN
1. Start with Color
Color is the starting point for establishing the desired atmosphere. Well chosen wall colors and
flooring in an appropriate color scheme create an attractive and inviting space. However, pairing
the right fabrics and finishes really pulls everything together. Since library environments often
need to last for 10–20 years, it’s important to carefully select colors in a way that allows for the
introduction of trendier colors over time but doesn’t overwhelm the space or apply those colors to
permanent structures.
Eastern Christian High School Library, North Haledon, NJ
Choosing Colors, Fabrics and
Finishes
by Jessica Mahne, Janet Nelson
Whether planning a space on your own or working with a design team, the elements you include
work to bring a space to life. Appropriate colors, fabrics and finishes can also help a space stand
the test of time. Careful planning, applying basic design principles and consulting with a design
professional are worth the investment of both time and money.
There are 4 key elements for creating attractive and lasting spaces:
1.
Start with color
2.
Select appropriate upholstery materials and fabrics
3.
Consider furniture lifecycle issues
4.
Incorporate finishing touches
St. Michael Public Library, St. Michael, MN
1. Start with Color
Color is the starting point for establishing the desired atmosphere. Well chosen wall colors and
flooring in an appropriate color scheme create an attractive and inviting space. However, pairing
the right fabrics and finishes really pulls everything together. Since library environments often
need to last for 10–20 years, it’s important to carefully select colors in a way that allows for the
introduction of trendier colors over time but doesn’t overwhelm the space or apply those colors to
permanent structures.
Eastern Christian High School Library, North Haledon, NJ
Basic Color Schemes
A color wheel is a great resource to help you choose colors. Using the basics of color theory, you
can create a color harmony that is pleasing to the eye and can be implemented throughout a
space. Many different schemes can be created with different tints, tones and shades providing
exciting variations. For more information about color theory and choosing color harmonies, see
our on-demand webinar Make It Last: Choosing Colors, Fabrics & Finishes.
Tips for Selecting Color
60-30-10 Rule
Generally spaces benefit from incorporating more neutral tones into your scheme. Neutrals often
work well for some of the more permanent elements of the space such as walls, carpet and
shelving. More defined color can be introduced based on the different color harmonies to create
interest and organization within the space.
Choosing complementary schemes that go beyond primary colors or choosing a dominant hue
within a scheme creates interest and balance. One tip to achieve a cohesive look is to choose 3
shades and break them down using the 60-30-10 rule.
60% = Dominant color
30% = Secondary color
10% = Accent color
2. Select Appropriate Upholstery Materials and Fabrics
Choosing Colors and Patterns
Just as carefully planning a color scheme creates an attractive harmony within a space, the
same is also true when it comes to planning fabric patterns. Lounge seating is often one of the
best places to incorporate patterned fabrics. Choosing a dominant or common color across all of
your patterned selections is the first step to a cohesive space. Accents that draw out colors from
the pattern or provide pleasing complements can be added to prevent monotony within a space.
Consider not only using these accents in other upholstered pieces but also in pieces that
incorporate other materials such as painted steel and plastics.
Finally, varying the scale of your patterns will add interest and create a pleasing balance. A small,
medium and large scale can be used, but no more than one pattern of each scale should be
used within any one space. Surprisingly, the variation in patterns keeps spaces from feeling too
cluttered. Keep your flooring and other finishes in mind when making your pattern choices. For
example, if you plan to use large scale or dominant patterns in flooring, choose smaller scale
patterns or solid fabrics for your furniture.
Small Scale
Medium Scale
Large Scale
The Maharam fabrics above illustrate examples of different scales of fabric that work well
together in terms of color, scale, shape and texture.
Another consideration when it comes to determining fabrics is the style of furniture selected.
Ultra-modern patterns tend to look out of place when paired with classic furniture styles or a
traditional building interior. Nonetheless, careful consideration and balancing old and new can
create a very interesting, updated space. In addition, the activities that occur in a space affect
appropriate colors, patterns and material types. Consider the frequency of use for the space and
factors such as whether food and drinks are allowed.
Fabric Selections that Last
All fabrics have technical specifications that are good predictors of how they will perform over
time. Understand the properties, such as double-rubs and finishes, before falling in love with a
particular fabric. Each fabric manufacturer has a website that presents their product offering and
provides detailed technical specifications and care instructions for each fabric.
What impacts fabric performance? In the institutional market, one of the most important is
double-rubs which is a measure of durability. More specifically, resistance to abrasion which
indicates how the fabric will perform when repeatedly rubbed against another fabric. Generally,
fabric manufacturers consider fabrics with 30,000 or more double rubs to be appropriate for
heavy-duty use. For libraries, schools and other high-use environments fabrics rated for 100,000
double-rubs or more are recommended. Using fabrics with lower durability can be done, but
strategically placing those fabrics on areas of the furniture that receive less wear such as chair
backs versus seats is the best practice.
The other features that will significantly impact your furniture’s maintenance and wear are
coatings and finishes that enhance stain resistance and provide a moisture barrier. For example,
Crypton® fabrics feature fibers that resist moisture and stains and also have an integrated
moisture barrier. The result is easily cleanable furniture with a surface that repels moisture and
stains. Many other finishes, such as Teflon®, Nano-Tex™ and C-1™, enhance the ability to clean
fabrics. Note that the finish you may use often depends on the type of fabric it is being applied to.
Spills on Crypton® fabric
3. Consider Furniture Lifecycle Issues
Generally when you are purchasing furniture you get what you pay for and it is important to
understand the features that allow furniture to hold up and best support needs over time. The
amount of time you expect a piece of furniture to remain in service divided by its overall cost is a
measure of lifetime value that should be considered.
Getting the Most Out of Your Investment
Specifying contract grade furniture that is designed and manufactured for commercial use is a
best practice because the furniture will withstand the wear and tear of a public environment. The
upfront cost may seem high compared to residential products but the value will be demonstrated
in the long run. Providing unifying elements and repetition throughout the building adds value by
reducing the complexity of maintaining the facility. Consistent materials reduce the variation in
cleaning procedures and limiting the variety of fabrics and patterns selected in the furniture
makes it easier to replace items when damage occurs. In addition, remember to prioritize high
impact public spaces over private or employee spaces when investing in high-performance
fabrics and finishes.
Be sure to consider more neutral colors in furniture and architectural elements that are expected
to be more permanent or long term features. Furniture that is intended to be replaced more often
or has a lower price point is the perfect place to experiment with color.
Materials, Features and Technology
There are several other considerations beyond upholstery in commercial spaces:
Avoid veneer on horizontal surfaces, such as tables and the tops of shelving units.
Materials such as high-pressure laminate, Marmoleum® and Corian® provide more durable
surfaces that are easier to clean.
Choose armless chairs or use wood or plastic arm caps — arms are one of the first areas
to show wear on lounge chairs.
Specify casters on furniture that needs to be moved often. Not only does this add
flexibility, but it also maintains the integrity of the furniture and protects the carpet from
unnecessary wear.
Integrate convenient power access into your furniture and account for technology,
including wire management as you plan your space for flexibility in the future.
4. Incorporate Finishing Touches
Small details matter in your space. They add richness and depth and create a welcoming and
harmonious environment.
Elements to consider:
Artwork and signage adds color and personality. Depending on your budget and type of
space, you can utilize commercially available solutions or establish something unique and
customized that suits your environment.
Teen Space, Waupun Public Library, Waupun WI
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Plan for lighting beyond the overhead lighting; such as task lights at workstations,
pendant lamps over counters and floor lamps near lounge chairs. Lighting adds ambiance
and functionality.
Quiet room, Madison College, Madison, WI
Collaborative commons, Madison College, Madison, WI
Include unexpected features and focal points like a plant wall or a series of hanging mobiles.
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Oak Park Public LIbrary, Oak Park, IL
Space Planning, Design 103:
Choosing Colors, Fabrics and
Finishes
by Jessica Mahne, Janet Nelson
Whether planning a space on your own or working with a design team, the elements you include
work to bring a space to life. Appropriate colors, fabrics and finishes can also help a space stand
the test of time. Careful planning, applying basic design principles and consulting with a design
professional are worth the investment of both time and money.
There are 4 key elements for creating attractive and lasting spaces:
1.
Start with color
2.
Select appropriate upholstery materials and fabrics
3.
Consider furniture lifecycle issues
4.
Incorporate finishing touches
St. Michael Public Library, St. Michael, MN
1. Start with Color
Color is the starting point for establishing the desired atmosphere. Well chosen wall colors and
flooring in an appropriate color scheme create an attractive and inviting space. However, pairing
the right fabrics and finishes really pulls everything together. Since library environments often
need to last for 10–20 years, it’s important to carefully select colors in a way that allows for the
introduction of trendier colors over time but doesn’t overwhelm the space or apply those colors to
permanent structures.
Eastern Christian High School Library, North Haledon, NJ