S PGSD 1200295 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Kata Pengantar ......................................................................................................... i
Ucapan terimakasih ................................................................................................. ii
Abstrak ................................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Isi................................................................................................................. vi
Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................... ix
Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................... x
Daftar Lampiran ..................................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah PTK ............................................................................... 6
C. Tujuan PTK .................................................................................................. 6
D. Manfaat PTK ................................................................................................ 7
BAB II LANDASAN TEORITIS ........................................................................... 8
A. Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) ................................. 8
1)
Definisi Pendekatan RME ........................................................................ 8
2)
Karakteristik Pendekatan RME ................................................................ 9
3)
Langkah-Langkah Penerapan RME dalam Pembelajaran ...................... 11
4)
Keunggulan Pendekatan RME ............................................................... 11
5)
Kelemahan Pendekatan RME ................................................................. 12
B. Hasil Belajar Siswa .................................................................................... 12
1)
Definisi Hasil Belajar ............................................................................. 12
2)
Indikator Hasil Belajar ........................................................................... 15
3)
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar ............................................. 16
C. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................. 17
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
D. Kerangka Pikir Penelitian .......................................................................... 18
E. Definisi Operasional................................................................................... 21
BAB III METEDOLOGI PENELITIAN .............................................................. 23
A. Desain Penelitian ........................................................................................ 23
B. Partisipan dan Tempat Penelitian ............................................................... 25
C. Prosedur Administratif Penelitian .............................................................. 25
D. Prosedur Subtantif Penelitian ..................................................................... 30
1.
Instrumen Pembelajaran ......................................................................... 30
2.
Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................. 31
3.
Pengolahan Data ..................................................................................... 33
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 36
A. Deskripsi Awal Penelitian .......................................................................... 36
B. Temuan dan Pembahasan Masalah ............................................................ 37
1.
SIKLUS I ................................................................................................ 37
a.
Temuan .............................................................................................. 37
b.
2.
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 37
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 39
3).
Observasi Pembelajaran .............................................................. 42
4).
Hasil Belajar Siklus I................................................................... 48
5).
Refleksi Siklus I .......................................................................... 50
Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 51
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 51
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 53
3).
Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 55
SIKLUS II .............................................................................................. 56
vii
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
a.
b.
Temuan .............................................................................................. 56
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 56
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 58
3).
Observasi Pembelajaran .............................................................. 61
4).
Hasil Belajar Siklus II ................................................................. 67
5).
Refleksi Siklus II ......................................................................... 69
6).
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa ................................................ 70
Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 73
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 73
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 75
3).
Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 77
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian .............................................................................. 78
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ..................................................... 79
A. Simpulan .................................................................................................... 79
B. Rekomendasi .............................................................................................. 79
DAFTAR RUJUKAN .......................................................................................... 81
viii
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 31
Tabel 3.2 Interprestasi Keterlaksanaan Proses Pembelajaran ............................... 33
Tabel 3.3 Interprestasi Gain yang Dinormalisasi .................................................. 35
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Observasi Penilaian RPP Siklus I ................................................ 42
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Guru Siklus I .......................... 43
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I ......................... 46
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Perolehan Tes Siklus I ................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.5 Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus I ...................................... 49
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Observasi Penilaian RPP Siklus II .............................................. 62
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Guru Siklus II ......................... 63
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II ........................ 65
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perolehan Tes Siklus II ................................................................ 68
Tabel 4.10 Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus II ................................... 68
Tabel 4.11 Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Siklus I ke Siklus II ....................... 71
Tabel 4.12 Interprestasi Gain yang Dinormalisasi ............................................... 72
ix
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Pikir Penelitian.................................................................. 20
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Batang Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal Siklus I ... 50
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Pembelajaran Siklus I ...................... 52
Gambar 4.3 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Aktivitas guru dan Siswa Siklus I .... 54
Gambar 4.4 Diagram Batang Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal Siklus II . 69
Gambar 4.5 Diagram Batang Peningkatan Rata-rata Hasil Belajar Siswa ........... 72
Gambar 4.6 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Siklus I dan Siklus II........................ 73
Gambar 4.7 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Aktivitas guru dan Siswa ................ 75
Gambar 4.8 Diagram Batang Peningkatan Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar ......... 77
x
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A. Surat-surat Penelitian ....................................................................... 83
Lampiran B. Instrumen Pembelajaran ................................................................. 89
Lampiran C. Instrumen Pengungkap Data Penelitian ........................................ 115
Lampiran D. Data-Data Penelitian ..................................................................... 121
Lampiran E. Dokumentasi Penelitian ................................................................ 166
Lampiran F. Riwayat Hidup Peneliti ................................................................. 172
xi
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
Kata Pengantar ......................................................................................................... i
Ucapan terimakasih ................................................................................................. ii
Abstrak ................................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Isi................................................................................................................. vi
Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................... ix
Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................... x
Daftar Lampiran ..................................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah PTK ............................................................................... 6
C. Tujuan PTK .................................................................................................. 6
D. Manfaat PTK ................................................................................................ 7
BAB II LANDASAN TEORITIS ........................................................................... 8
A. Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) ................................. 8
1)
Definisi Pendekatan RME ........................................................................ 8
2)
Karakteristik Pendekatan RME ................................................................ 9
3)
Langkah-Langkah Penerapan RME dalam Pembelajaran ...................... 11
4)
Keunggulan Pendekatan RME ............................................................... 11
5)
Kelemahan Pendekatan RME ................................................................. 12
B. Hasil Belajar Siswa .................................................................................... 12
1)
Definisi Hasil Belajar ............................................................................. 12
2)
Indikator Hasil Belajar ........................................................................... 15
3)
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar ............................................. 16
C. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................. 17
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
D. Kerangka Pikir Penelitian .......................................................................... 18
E. Definisi Operasional................................................................................... 21
BAB III METEDOLOGI PENELITIAN .............................................................. 23
A. Desain Penelitian ........................................................................................ 23
B. Partisipan dan Tempat Penelitian ............................................................... 25
C. Prosedur Administratif Penelitian .............................................................. 25
D. Prosedur Subtantif Penelitian ..................................................................... 30
1.
Instrumen Pembelajaran ......................................................................... 30
2.
Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................. 31
3.
Pengolahan Data ..................................................................................... 33
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 36
A. Deskripsi Awal Penelitian .......................................................................... 36
B. Temuan dan Pembahasan Masalah ............................................................ 37
1.
SIKLUS I ................................................................................................ 37
a.
Temuan .............................................................................................. 37
b.
2.
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 37
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 39
3).
Observasi Pembelajaran .............................................................. 42
4).
Hasil Belajar Siklus I................................................................... 48
5).
Refleksi Siklus I .......................................................................... 50
Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 51
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 51
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 53
3).
Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 55
SIKLUS II .............................................................................................. 56
vii
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
a.
b.
Temuan .............................................................................................. 56
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 56
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 58
3).
Observasi Pembelajaran .............................................................. 61
4).
Hasil Belajar Siklus II ................................................................. 67
5).
Refleksi Siklus II ......................................................................... 69
6).
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa ................................................ 70
Pembahasan ....................................................................................... 73
1).
Perencanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 73
2).
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .......................................................... 75
3).
Hasil Belajar ................................................................................ 77
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian .............................................................................. 78
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ..................................................... 79
A. Simpulan .................................................................................................... 79
B. Rekomendasi .............................................................................................. 79
DAFTAR RUJUKAN .......................................................................................... 81
viii
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 31
Tabel 3.2 Interprestasi Keterlaksanaan Proses Pembelajaran ............................... 33
Tabel 3.3 Interprestasi Gain yang Dinormalisasi .................................................. 35
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Observasi Penilaian RPP Siklus I ................................................ 42
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Guru Siklus I .......................... 43
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I ......................... 46
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Perolehan Tes Siklus I ................................................................. 49
Tabel 4.5 Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus I ...................................... 49
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Observasi Penilaian RPP Siklus II .............................................. 62
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Guru Siklus II ......................... 63
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Observasi Pengamatan Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II ........................ 65
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perolehan Tes Siklus II ................................................................ 68
Tabel 4.10 Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Siklus II ................................... 68
Tabel 4.11 Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Siklus I ke Siklus II ....................... 71
Tabel 4.12 Interprestasi Gain yang Dinormalisasi ............................................... 72
ix
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Pikir Penelitian.................................................................. 20
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Batang Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal Siklus I ... 50
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Pembelajaran Siklus I ...................... 52
Gambar 4.3 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Aktivitas guru dan Siswa Siklus I .... 54
Gambar 4.4 Diagram Batang Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar Klasikal Siklus II . 69
Gambar 4.5 Diagram Batang Peningkatan Rata-rata Hasil Belajar Siswa ........... 72
Gambar 4.6 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Siklus I dan Siklus II........................ 73
Gambar 4.7 Diagram Batang Ketercapaian Aktivitas guru dan Siswa ................ 75
Gambar 4.8 Diagram Batang Peningkatan Presentase Ketuntasan Belajar ......... 77
x
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A. Surat-surat Penelitian ....................................................................... 83
Lampiran B. Instrumen Pembelajaran ................................................................. 89
Lampiran C. Instrumen Pengungkap Data Penelitian ........................................ 115
Lampiran D. Data-Data Penelitian ..................................................................... 121
Lampiran E. Dokumentasi Penelitian ................................................................ 166
Lampiran F. Riwayat Hidup Peneliti ................................................................. 172
xi
Alvina Fatma Lestari, 2016
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu