TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN READING PASSAGE OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL.

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TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN READING PASSAGE

OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

FATHUR RIZQI ARIFIANI

Reg. No. 2101121018

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2014

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ABSTRACT

Arifiani, Fathur Rizqi. 2101121018. Transitivity System in Reading Passage of English Textbook for Junior High School. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2014.

This study is concerned with transitivity system used in reading passage for junior high school. The objectives of this research were to find out the process type of transitivity system, the most dominant process type and to describe the implication of the most dominant process type used in Reading Passage of English Textbook for Junior High School. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. There were six types of process in 182 clauses. The result of data analysis showed that the numbers in types of process were: material (45,1%), mental (16,5%), relational (26,9%), behavioral (2,7%), verbal (7,7%), and existential (1,1%). The most dominant process type used is Material process. That means that many reading passages in English textbook for junior high school contain action, or happened physicaly. So the process used in reading passages indicated action, doing things or what is done.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LISTOF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF APPENDIX ... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 5

C. The Scope of the Study ... 5

D. The Objectives of The Study ... 6

E. The Signifinance of the Study ... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8

A. Reading ... 8

B. Textbook ... 9

1. Definition of English Textbook ... 9

2. The Function of Textbook ... 10

3. The Criteria of Good Textbook ... 11

C. Metafunction ... 12

D. Transitivity System ... 13

1. Process ... 15

a. Material Process ... 16

b. Mental Process ... 17

c. Relational Process ... 19

d. Behavioral Process ... 20

e. Verbal Process ... 21

f. Existential Process ... 21

2. Participant ... 22

3. Circumstance ... 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 28

A. Research Design ... 28

B. Source of Data ... 28

C. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 29

D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 29

CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 30

A. The Data ... 30

B. The Data and Analysis ... 31

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 42

A. Conclusions ... 42

B. Suggestions ... 43

REFERENCES ... 44

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

2.1 Types of Process in English ... 16

2.2 Instransitive and Transitive Material Clause ... 17

2.3 Types of Circumstances ... 26

4.1 The Distribution of Process Types in Reading Passages ... 30

4.2 The Percentage of The Process ... 31

4.3 The Total Numbers of Process in Bunaken National Marine Park ... 32

4.4 The Total Numbers of Process in Disnet World Resort ... 33

4.5 The Total Numbers of Process in Terrifying Headmaster ... 34

4.6 The Total Numbers of Process in Bandung ... 34

4.7 The Total Numbers of Process in Firecrackers ... 35

4.8 The Total Numbers of Process in Orville Wrights ... 36

4.9 The Total Numbers of Process in My Vacation in Bali ... 37

4.10 The Total Numbers of Process in The Donkey and The Wolf ... 37

4.11 The Total Numbers of Process in The Lion and The Wolf ... 38

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vii

LIST OF APPENDIX

Page APPENDIX A. The Analysis of Process in Reading Passage... 47

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

As a foreign language in Indonesia, English has been included in the curriculum start from elementry school, junior high school, senior high school and university level. Globally, English language is an international language in the world with related to communication with people in another countries. By mastering the English language properly it can be said that we can master all existing fields, such as science, technology, and advanced research. Johnson (2001:2) states that people in this world today learning English as foreign language and it continues to spread, not only as the global language but also as the language of science, technology, and advanced research. It shows that English is so important nowdays, especially for students. They are expected to study English more.

Reading is one of the most important skills in language learning besides listening, speaking, and writing. In reading, the students are expected to have more skills to explain individual text or passage after their comprehending the reading text. That is way the purpose of reading is to get some skills in understanding the text. Basically, teaching reading is conveying or guiding the students to gain some important message and get meaning from written text. Most of students are interested in reading the English written material such as; book, novel, newspaper, article, text, etc. In the English lesson of Junior High School

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the development of reading skills, especially in analysis kinds of text, such as narrative text, descriptive text, recount text, discussion text, etc.

The aim of English teaching according to the School-Based Curriculum is that the students of Junior High School hopefully can achieve that functional level of literacy because they are preparing to continue their study to the Senior High School. Besides that, School-Based Curriculum also deals with the four language skills, such as; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In reading, it refers to the text. It means that the students are able to understand and producing various shorts functional and monologue texts, and essay in the form of narrative, descriptive, recount, procedure, and report.

The materials can be authentic materials, for example from newspaper, magazine, recipe or textbook. The English teacher should be able to decide whether the contents of the textbook are suitable with the current curriculum or not. Textbooks are important for students to prepare and fulfill experiences in the good process. Ferris and Hedgcock as cited in Solihatun (2011), “textbooks are so pervasive in educational systems throughout the world. Indeed, textbooks provide the backbone for the courses many educators teach”. It means that the materials in the textbook should help the teacher in conducting teaching and learning process, so it is important for the teacher to select and to analyze the contents of textbook.

There are some categories of a good book. First, the contents of the textbook should deal with the current curriculum; it might be from the genre with should be available in the textbook. Besides that, the contents of the textbook also

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go with the level of study. In the textbook include transitivity system which is explain the participants, process, and circumstance that contain in reading passages of textbook. In relationship with communication, process also gives information about whether they are happening in the present, past, or future. By understood the process in reading passage, the teacher will be better prepared to teach the students. The second category is a textbook should have an interesting display because it can give motivation for readers to read the textbook. In addition, the language of the textbook should correct in context and situation. It means that the language does not enclose ambiguous, so the reader can understand easily.

Based on those explanations, the writer is interested in analyzing the transitivity system in reading passage found in Practice Your English Competence textbook for 8th Junior High School published by Erlangga. There are several reasons why the writer chooses the book; First, Practice Your English Competence textbook is one of book that suitable with the current curriculum. Second Practice Your English Competence textbook used for teaching English to eigth year’s students in Medan because, it is important to know whether the reading passage are appropriate with the students’ need. Third, the writer used this book to know the transitivity system in terms of types of process in reading text based on the 8th grade level of Junior High School.

The study of analyzing transitivity system in textbook has done by Panjaitan (2010) who conducted research about five texts in Senior High School textbook by randomly selected, found that the most dominant type of process used

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in that texts is Relational process, because most of the texts were descriptive texts and theory. And also Babai and Ansary (2003) who conducted research about transitivity system in three textbooks (Physics, Sociology, and Literature) found that, the material process is dominant. Morever Sukma (2012) who conducted research about transitivity system in genre analysis on English on Sky textbook found that material process is dominantly used than relational process in descriptive text, she conclude that English on Sky textbook not compatible with the latest curriculum, School-Based Curriculum.

The writer hopes that this study can give its useful contribution for the teachers to select the textbook which is most suitable in teaching learning process and as a guidence when they teach the material about reading passages, they can give explanation for their students about kind of process which is contained in that reading passage, in order to make the students know all the process in a language, and also they can know exactly how human beings state their experience in the world. And also its useful contribution for many people, and students to enrich their knowledge.

In order to have an understand research, the writer will give an underlying theory that explain types of process based on what is proposed by Halliday and Hasan theory that explains types of process clearly.

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B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background above, the problem of the study were formulated as the following:

1) What are the process types of transitivity system used in Reading passages in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga?

2) What is the most dominant process types of transitivity system used in Reading passages in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga?

3) What are the implication of the most dominant process types of transitivity system used in Reading passages in Your Practice English

Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga?

C. The Scope of the Study

This study was focused on analyzing transitivity system in reading passage in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga. There were 32 reading passages in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga, but the writer analyzed 10 reading passages from

Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga.

They are Bunaken National Marine Park, Disney World Resort, The Terrifying Headmaster, Bandung, Firecrackers, Orville Wright, My Vacation in Bali, The Donkey and The Wolf, The Lion and The Hare, The Grasshopper and The Ants. .

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D. The Objective of the Study

In relation to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study were: 1. To describe the process types of transitivity system used in reading

passage in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga.

2. To describe the most dominant process types of transitivity system used in Reading passages in Your Practice English Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga.

3. To describe the implication of the most dominant process types of transitivity system used in Reading passages in Your Practice English

Competence grade 8th textbook published by Erlangga.

E. The Significances of the Study

The findings of the study are expected to be useful for:

1) The teacher can apply the result of this study as feedback on their teaching activities; improve their knowledge and experience in choosing appropriate book, so that the students are better in reading skill. And as a guidence when they teach about reading passag, and also to be implemented for them to design learning materials.

2) Teachers-candidate who want to improve their understanding in transitivity system and the outcome of this study might be useful in minimizing the difficulties.

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3) Readers to explore information in order to expand their knowledge and as reference for those who are interested to do related study.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

From the analysis of processes of Transitivity System in Reading Passages of English Textbook of Junior High School in previous chapter, the following conclusions can be drawn to complete the findings.

1. There were six types of process used such as Material Process, Mental Process, Relational Process, Behavioral Process, Verbal Process, and Existential Process were used in the Reading Passages of English Textbook for Junior High School.

2. Material Process was the dominant type used in Reading Passages of English Textbook for Junior High School. It means that the passages contain about action, activity, or happened physically, bodily, and materially.

3. Material process was the dominant type used in Reading Passages. It showed that the tenth of Reading Passages from the Textbook almost recount paragraph. So, Practice Your English Competence Textbook was suitable for teaching and learning process because it was suitable from the result of the analysis with the kind of text that have been analyzed. Besides, it was important for the teacher to design teaching material about genre, especially when the teacher explain about how to write paragraph which contain verbs, so the students can easy to understand the material.

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B. Suggestions

In relation to the conclusion of this study, there are some suggestions offered:

1. English teachers should be selective in selecting their textbook. They must pay attention to all components of the textbook, such as subject matter, vocabulary and structure, exercises, illustration, and others. Besides English teacher should be more selective in selecting their textbook, they are also expected to pay attention whether the textbook meet the curriculum or not, and whether it is appropriate for the level of their students or not. And also as a guidence for the teacher to design the creatively material, so the students can understand the teaching material.

2. The teacher-candidates who will be teachers to use the theory of transitivity system in observing and researching the phenomena in social context.

3. Other researchers who want to conduct further research on the same topic, and this thesis can be taken as a reference.

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REFERENCES

Ardini, Sukma (2012). Genre Analysis On Reading Passages Grade Vii English Textbooks. Semarang: IKIP SEMARANG (Unpublished).

Babaii. et al. 2003. On the Effect of Disciplinary Variation on Transitivity: The Case of Academic Book Reviews. Asian EFL Journal, 7 (1) 1-14.

Bloor, T., and Bloor. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach. London: Arnold.

Bustam and Rayhan, Muhammad. 2001. Analyzing Clause By Halliday’s Transitivity System. Jurnal Ilmu Sastra, 6 (1) 22-34.

Celce-Murcia. et al. 2000. Discourse and Context in Language Teaching, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Cunanan, Bonifacio, 2011. Using Transitivity as a Framework in a Stylistic

Analysis of Virginia Woolf’s Old Mrs. Grey. Asian EFL Journal, 54,

69-79.

DPN, KTSP Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, SD/MI, SMP/MTs, SMA/MA, Jakarta: BSNP, 2007.

Elbow, P. 2000. Writing Without Teacher. New York: Oxford University Press.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar: Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hornby, A.S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. New York: Oxford University Press.

HS Sugeng. 2005. Effective English. Solo: Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.

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Hyland, K. 2002. Teaching and Researching Writing. London: Pearson Education Limited.

Iskandar. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Jakarta: GP Press.

Iwamoto, Noriko. 2007. Sylistic and Linguistic Analysis of a Literary Text Using Systemic Functional Grammar. International Journal, 162 (3) 61-96.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How to teach English. United State: Addison Wesley Longman.

Johnson, K. 2001. Learning about Language: An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education Limited.

Langan, J. 2003. College Writing Skills with Reading. New York: Mc.Graw-Hill.

Miyoun. 2007. Genre-Based Approach to Teaching Writing. International Journal, 5 (2) 33-39.

Panjaitan, Nora.T.A. 2013. Transitivity System in English Textbook of Senior High School. Medan: State University of Medan. (Unpublished).

Pardiyono. 2007. Teaching Genre Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Rahmah. 2012. Functional Grammar. Medan: FBS. UNIMED (Unpublished).

Saragih, Amrin. 2013. Discourse Analysis: A Study on Discourse Based on Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory. Medan: FBS UNIMED (unpublished).

Siregar, Masitowarni. 2012. Teaching English As a Foreign Language. Medan: FBS UNIMED (Unpublished).

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Siti, Sholihatun (2011). Content Analysis of Reading Material in English On Sky For Juhior High School. Semarang: IAIN Walisongo Semarang

(Unpublished).

Thomson, H. 2000. Designing Language Course: A Guide For Teacher. Canada: Kathleen Graves.

http://ginarto.guru-indonesia.net/artikel_detail-49704.html accessed on March 13rd, 2014

http.www.wikipedia.org/wiki/texbook.com accessed on April 22nd, 2014

www.kompasiana.com/inggrissd.blogspot.com accessed on March 13rd, 2014

www.wikebook.com

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3) Readers to explore information in order to expand their knowledge and as reference for those who are interested to do related study.

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CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

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B. Suggestions

In relation to the conclusion of this study, there are some suggestions offered:

2. The teacher-candidates who will be teachers to use the theory of transitivity system in observing and researching the phenomena in

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Ardini, Sukma (2012). Genre Analysis On Reading Passages Grade Vii English

Textbooks. Semarang: IKIP SEMARANG (Unpublished).

Babaii. et al. 2003. On the Effect of Disciplinary Variation on Transitivity: The Case of Academic Book Reviews. Asian EFL Journal, 7 (1) 1-14.

Bloor, T., and Bloor. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan

Approach. London: Arnold.

Bustam and Rayhan, Muhammad. 2001. Analyzing Clause By Halliday’s Transitivity System. Jurnal Ilmu Sastra, 6 (1) 22-34.

Celce-Murcia. et al. 2000. Discourse and Context in Language Teaching, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Cunanan, Bonifacio, 2011. Using Transitivity as a Framework in a Stylistic Analysis of Virginia Woolf’s Old Mrs. Grey. Asian EFL Journal, 54, 69-79.

DPN, KTSP Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, SD/MI, SMP/MTs, SMA/MA, Jakarta: BSNP, 2007.

Elbow, P. 2000. Writing Without Teacher. New York: Oxford University Press.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar: Third Edition. London: Edward Arnold.

Hornby, A.S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. New York: Oxford University Press.

HS Sugeng. 2005. Effective English. Solo: Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.

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Hyland, K. 2002. Teaching and Researching Writing. London: Pearson Education Limited.

Iskandar. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial (kuantitatif dan

kualitatif). Jakarta: GP Press.

Iwamoto, Noriko. 2007. Sylistic and Linguistic Analysis of a Literary Text Using Systemic Functional Grammar. International Journal, 162 (3) 61-96.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How to teach English. United State: Addison Wesley Longman.

Johnson, K. 2001. Learning about Language: An Introduction to Foreign

Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Pearson Education Limited.

Langan, J. 2003. College Writing Skills with Reading. New York: Mc.Graw-Hill.

Miyoun. 2007. Genre-Based Approach to Teaching Writing. International

Journal, 5 (2) 33-39.

Panjaitan, Nora.T.A. 2013. Transitivity System in English Textbook of Senior

High School. Medan: State University of Medan. (Unpublished).