Handling Children Who Have Lack of Discipline at Tunas Cemara Kindergarten.
ABSTRACT
Dalam tugas akhir ini, saya membahas kesulitan yang saya hadapi
ketika mengajar anak yang tidak disiplin di TK Tunas Cemara Bandung.
Disiplin mempunyai tujuan mengarahkan anak-anak menjadi seseorang
yang dapat hidup harmonis dengan orang lain. Pendidikan disiplin penting
diajarkan meskipun mereka masih anak-anak karena disiplin dapat
mempengaruhi tingkah laku mereka.
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan selama saya magang, terdapat
penyebab anak mengapa tidak disiplin. Ada tiga faktor yaitu anak tersebut
selalu dipenuhi keinginannya, guru yang tidak tegas, dan anak-anak tidak
sadar bahwa reaksi mereka mempunyai resiko pada orang laen. Ada tiga
solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan yaitu:
pertama, pendidik memarahi anak yang kurang disiplin dengan cara yang
positif. Kedua, pendidik memberi hadiah dengan tujuan anak-anak yang
telah dapat menjadi disiplin dapat terus melakukan hal tersebut. Ketiga,
pendidik memberi hukuman berupa time-out yang merupakan tindakan
agar anak-anak dapat mengerti kesalahan apa yang mereka telah
lakukan.
Selain itu terdapat efek yang terjadi ketika anak-anak tidak disiplin.
Pertama, pelajaran menjadi terganggu. Kedua, anak-anak mungkin
menjadi tidak disiplin dalam waktu yang panjang. Ketiga, waktu terbuang
untuk mendisiplinkan anak-anak yang tidak disiplin.
Dari antara solusi-solusi tersebut diatas, solusi yang saya pilih adalah
memberi hadiah dan hukuman time-out. Alasan memilih kombinasi untuk
solusi ini adalah karena dibutuhkan keseimbangan diantara solusi ini
untuk proses disiplin. Secara khusus memberi hadiah kepada anak adalah
untuk menghargai mereka ketika menunjukan sikap yang baik. Memberi
hukuman kepada anak adalah suatu cara agar anak tersebut dapat
memperbaiki kesalahan mereka yang telah mereka lakukan.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT..………………………………………………................................i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY…………………….................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………..iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION………………………….............................1-5
A. Background of the Study
B. Identification of the Problem
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
D. Description of the Institution
E. Method of the Study
F. Limitation of the Study
G. Organization of the Term Paper
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS……………………………………..6-9
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS……………………………….10-15
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION……………………………………………16-17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES:
A. FLOWCHART
iv
Maranatha Christian University
FLOWCHART
Causes:
The children always get what
they want.
The teacher lacks in
assertiveness.
The children are not aware
that their actions have
consequences to other
children.
(+) Positive effects:
It is an advantage for children
as they will know that the
teacher pays attention.
The children will be more
aware of the reality of the
world that is there is an effect
of doing something wrong.
The children will understand
that what they do is a fault.
Problem:
The difficulty to handle
children who lack of
discipline at Tunas
Cemara Kindergarten
Potential Solution 1:
The teacher does not let
the children misbehave but
he/she should show
positive anger to them
(+) Positive effects:
The children will be motivated
to get the reward.
The children will be happy as
they feel that they are
appreciated by the teacher.
The children will have self
confidence.
Potential Solution 2:
(+) Positive effects:
The children will obey what the
teacher asks them to do.
The children will realize the
mistake.
Potential Solution 3:
To give the children
reward
Giving a correction
strategy called time-out
Effects:
The lesson will be disturbed.
The student are likely to be
undiscipline in the long run.
The time is spent due to the
undiscipline children.
( - ) Negative effects:
The children will not care
anymore if the teacher keeps
showing anger everytime they
do something wrong.
The children will be afraid to
do anything in class.
The children will copy the
anger.
( - ) Negative effects:
That there is a chance the
teacher keeps giving present
for everything child’s action.
The children can have lack
of sensitivity to responsibility.
The children may have lack
of internal self control.
( - ) Negative effects:
Children may not realize that
the punishment is actually a
learning proccess so that
they do not do their mistake
again.
The punishment can make
the children traumatic.
Children can rebbel.
The Best Potential Solutions :
Combination of:
1. The second potential solution:
To give the children reward
2. The third potential solution:
Giving a correction strategy called timeout
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study
Discipline has the purpose of directing a child to become a better
person living in harmony with other people. According to Rimm, the
purpose of discipline is to lead children in specific life morale so that they
can adjust to the ways of the world in creating life order. (page 47).
Applying discipline in education field is important as it is the process
which has the function to manage human to have behaviour that is
accepted by the society. Therefore, it is crucial that in every school
teachers should lead children to have discipline in order that they know
how to have good attitude and avoid bad attitude. If in the school there is
no discipline applied, it is likely that the class will be disorganized and the
process of learning will go distracted. Moreover, it is crucial to apply
discipline in order to make children grow with strong, good morale.
Furthermore, it is significant to educate students about discipline
although they are still very young because it can influence their behaviour.
If they learn about discipline well, they can have good behaviour but if they
are not taught about discipline, they will have bad behaviour. Thus, it is
better to reach out to children to be taught about discipline as early as
1
Maranatha Christian University
possible. Sears states that “The earlier you get connected, the more
successful your discipline will be.” (page 16). Therefore, since
kindergartens, teachers need to set the curriculum to have discipline in its
agenda. It should have the purpose of not only introducing children with
the new enviroment, developing skills and knowledge, but also introducing
them about discipline. In the article of Lab School, it is said that
kindergarten is one of the crucial places to educate children with
discipline. (par.2).
In my internship, I found a significant problem that could cause a loss
to the school and the students. The main problem was that there were
some students who lacked in discipline. They did not want to follow class
rules and also did not know the consequences of their action, for example
throwing things when they did not get what they wanted. I was the teacher
assistant in the class and I did not really know how to handle the situation.
Therefore, there was hardly anything done about this throughout the
semester. Thus, it caused a lot of problems, including the distraction of
teaching and learning processes. In order for the school to get children to
apply discipline and attain maximum educative goals, there are some
ways to be done and efforts to make, which I would like to discuss in the
subsequent chapters.
B.
Identification of the Problem
The problems are presented in the following:
1. Why do the children have lack of discipline in class?
2
Maranatha Christian University
2. What will happen in class if the children have lack of discipline?
3. How is it to handle the undisciplined children to become children
with discipline?
C.
Objectives and Benefits of the Study
The objectives of the study is to find out the causes of the children’s
having lack of discipline in class and to portray all the disadvantages
caused by children who lack of discipline. Moreover, there are some
solutions which are proposed to handle the undisciplined children in order
that the teaching and learning process can go as planned in the
curriculum.
There are some benefits of the study for the readers and the teachers
at Tunas Cemara Kindergarten, and for me as the writer. The readers and
I will get information about discipline and will find out the solution to handle
the problems when we encounter similar problem in the future.
Furthermore, the teachers at Tunas Cemara will be more aware and
equipped with the knowledge of how to handle children not having
discipline.
D.
Description of the Institution
Tunas Cemara was built by Yayasan Citra Cemara. It consists of
play group, kindergarten, elementary school, ABA International, and
Mandarin course. Kindergarten was built on April 17, 2000, elementary
school was built on June 18, 2007, ABA International was built in August
3
Maranatha Christian University
2004, and Mandarin course was built in July 2001. The location of Tunas
Cemara Kindergarten is at Jl. Situ Aksan No. 41 Bandung and the location
of elementary school is at Jl. Situ Aksan No. 33 Bandung. In the
kindergarten, the age of the children ranges from 3-5 years old. The
children of three-four years old learn in kindergarten level A and those of
four-five years old learn in kindergarten level B.
The vision of Tunas Cemara Kindergarten is to become quality
education institution which prepares children to have concept, quality, and
responsibility. The mision of Tunas Cemara Kindergarten is to educate
children to have excellent intellectual and skills in cooperation with the
children’s parents.
E.
Method of the Study
The method of the study is my observation when I did my internship at
Tunas Cemara Kindergarten. Everyday after the class finished, I wrote a
report to record what the activities and the problems that happened each
day. In addition, I did a library research to get some information, including
from books and internet.
F.
Limitation of the Study
The limitation of the study is the problem of children having lack of
discipline. I got the data from children level A in Tunas Cemara
Kindergarten during my internship on January 4, 2010 until March 19,
2010.
4
Maranatha Christian University
G.
Organization of the Term Paper
This term paper starts with the Abstract, a concise summary of the
entire paper in Bahasa Indonesia. The Abstract is followed by Declaration
of Originality, Acknowledgment and Table Contents.
The paper is divided into four chapters; the first chapter is Introduction
that has seven parts; including, Background of study, Identification of the
problem, Objectives and benefits of the study, Description of the
institution, Method of the study, Limitation of the study and Organization of
the term paper. The second chapter is Problem Analysis and the third
chapter is Potential Solution which is followed by the last chapter that is
Conclusion. In the last part, I present the Bibliography and Appendix.
5
Maranatha Christian University
BAB IV
CONCLUSION
This chapter discusses the best solution to the problem of students’
having lack of discipline at Tunas Cemara Kindergarten. There are three
causes why the teacher has difficulty in handling the problem. The first is
the children always get what they want, the second cause is the teacher
has lack of assertiveness, the third cause is the children are not aware of
the consequences of their actions. Moreover, there are three effects of the
children having lack of discipline; including, the lessons are distracted, the
students remain undisciplined for a long period of time, and much time is
spent taking care of the children lacking in discipline.
In my opinion, the best solution to handle the problem is by combining
the second and third solution, among others, giving reward and time-out
strategy to make the children discipline in class. The reason for choosing
the combination of these solutions is because both are needed to balance
the process of teaching discipline to children. Specifically, giving reward
has the advantage of respecting children when they perform good attitude.
16
Maranatha Christian University
The children would be motivated to behave well again as they feel
appreciated for what they have done. According to Ubaydillah
disciplinarian needs to give reward to children who have tried to behave
well. (par.10).
Moreover, the reason of giving time-out strategy is because the teacher
wants to correct the wrong mistakes which the children have done. He/she
wants the children to feel the importance of following rules and increase
the awareness of having discipline. Letting the children misbehave would
make them have problems not only in school, but also in society (Sears,
23). Therefore, in order to avoid this and develop the children in the right
way, it is important for the teacher to teach them about discipline through
this mild punishment strategy, called time-out.
These solutions are hopefully effective for the children who have lack of
discipline in class. If the teachers do not use the combination of the
solutions, the children can feel it is unfair, for example, when the children
feel they have behaved well, they do not get any reward; but when they
misbehave, they get punishment. Thereby, reward and punishment are
both ideal tools in the hope of helping children to have discipline.
17
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Sources
Rimm, Dr. Sylvia. Mendidik dan Menerapkan Disiplin pada Anak
Prasekolah. Jakarta, 2003.
Sears, William, and Martha. The Discipline Book: How to Have a BetterBehaved Child From Birth to Age Ten. New York: Little Brown, 1995.
Electronic Sources
Anderson, Carolyn.”Anger in Children-5 Tips to Help Children Deal With It”
Ahira, Anne.”Pengaruh DisiplinTerhadap PrestasiBelajar Siswa”
Chatib, Munif. “Benarkah Hukuman”
Jihadsabili.” Bila Anak Selalu Dibentak” 15 Maret 2011
Kersey, Katharine C. “How to Discipline Your Child”
“Konseling Kristen.”Disiplin Anak 11 Desember 2010
Maranatha Christian University
Loh, Andrew. “Discipline Tecniques for Children that Work”
Luchan. “Ekspresi Marah Pada Anak” 31 March 2008
Martin, Harold S.”Five Pointers for Disciplining Children”
“Multiply.” Marah Pada Anak 12 Juni 2009
Ubaydillah.”Suap dan Hadiah Dalam Pengasuhan” 02 Juni 2010
“Parenting Guide.”Mengatasi Anak Manja” Maret 2008
Shields, Jessica.”Effective Ways to Discipline Your Children”
Maranatha Christian University
Dalam tugas akhir ini, saya membahas kesulitan yang saya hadapi
ketika mengajar anak yang tidak disiplin di TK Tunas Cemara Bandung.
Disiplin mempunyai tujuan mengarahkan anak-anak menjadi seseorang
yang dapat hidup harmonis dengan orang lain. Pendidikan disiplin penting
diajarkan meskipun mereka masih anak-anak karena disiplin dapat
mempengaruhi tingkah laku mereka.
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan selama saya magang, terdapat
penyebab anak mengapa tidak disiplin. Ada tiga faktor yaitu anak tersebut
selalu dipenuhi keinginannya, guru yang tidak tegas, dan anak-anak tidak
sadar bahwa reaksi mereka mempunyai resiko pada orang laen. Ada tiga
solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan yaitu:
pertama, pendidik memarahi anak yang kurang disiplin dengan cara yang
positif. Kedua, pendidik memberi hadiah dengan tujuan anak-anak yang
telah dapat menjadi disiplin dapat terus melakukan hal tersebut. Ketiga,
pendidik memberi hukuman berupa time-out yang merupakan tindakan
agar anak-anak dapat mengerti kesalahan apa yang mereka telah
lakukan.
Selain itu terdapat efek yang terjadi ketika anak-anak tidak disiplin.
Pertama, pelajaran menjadi terganggu. Kedua, anak-anak mungkin
menjadi tidak disiplin dalam waktu yang panjang. Ketiga, waktu terbuang
untuk mendisiplinkan anak-anak yang tidak disiplin.
Dari antara solusi-solusi tersebut diatas, solusi yang saya pilih adalah
memberi hadiah dan hukuman time-out. Alasan memilih kombinasi untuk
solusi ini adalah karena dibutuhkan keseimbangan diantara solusi ini
untuk proses disiplin. Secara khusus memberi hadiah kepada anak adalah
untuk menghargai mereka ketika menunjukan sikap yang baik. Memberi
hukuman kepada anak adalah suatu cara agar anak tersebut dapat
memperbaiki kesalahan mereka yang telah mereka lakukan.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT..………………………………………………................................i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY…………………….................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………..iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION………………………….............................1-5
A. Background of the Study
B. Identification of the Problem
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
D. Description of the Institution
E. Method of the Study
F. Limitation of the Study
G. Organization of the Term Paper
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS……………………………………..6-9
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS……………………………….10-15
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION……………………………………………16-17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES:
A. FLOWCHART
iv
Maranatha Christian University
FLOWCHART
Causes:
The children always get what
they want.
The teacher lacks in
assertiveness.
The children are not aware
that their actions have
consequences to other
children.
(+) Positive effects:
It is an advantage for children
as they will know that the
teacher pays attention.
The children will be more
aware of the reality of the
world that is there is an effect
of doing something wrong.
The children will understand
that what they do is a fault.
Problem:
The difficulty to handle
children who lack of
discipline at Tunas
Cemara Kindergarten
Potential Solution 1:
The teacher does not let
the children misbehave but
he/she should show
positive anger to them
(+) Positive effects:
The children will be motivated
to get the reward.
The children will be happy as
they feel that they are
appreciated by the teacher.
The children will have self
confidence.
Potential Solution 2:
(+) Positive effects:
The children will obey what the
teacher asks them to do.
The children will realize the
mistake.
Potential Solution 3:
To give the children
reward
Giving a correction
strategy called time-out
Effects:
The lesson will be disturbed.
The student are likely to be
undiscipline in the long run.
The time is spent due to the
undiscipline children.
( - ) Negative effects:
The children will not care
anymore if the teacher keeps
showing anger everytime they
do something wrong.
The children will be afraid to
do anything in class.
The children will copy the
anger.
( - ) Negative effects:
That there is a chance the
teacher keeps giving present
for everything child’s action.
The children can have lack
of sensitivity to responsibility.
The children may have lack
of internal self control.
( - ) Negative effects:
Children may not realize that
the punishment is actually a
learning proccess so that
they do not do their mistake
again.
The punishment can make
the children traumatic.
Children can rebbel.
The Best Potential Solutions :
Combination of:
1. The second potential solution:
To give the children reward
2. The third potential solution:
Giving a correction strategy called timeout
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study
Discipline has the purpose of directing a child to become a better
person living in harmony with other people. According to Rimm, the
purpose of discipline is to lead children in specific life morale so that they
can adjust to the ways of the world in creating life order. (page 47).
Applying discipline in education field is important as it is the process
which has the function to manage human to have behaviour that is
accepted by the society. Therefore, it is crucial that in every school
teachers should lead children to have discipline in order that they know
how to have good attitude and avoid bad attitude. If in the school there is
no discipline applied, it is likely that the class will be disorganized and the
process of learning will go distracted. Moreover, it is crucial to apply
discipline in order to make children grow with strong, good morale.
Furthermore, it is significant to educate students about discipline
although they are still very young because it can influence their behaviour.
If they learn about discipline well, they can have good behaviour but if they
are not taught about discipline, they will have bad behaviour. Thus, it is
better to reach out to children to be taught about discipline as early as
1
Maranatha Christian University
possible. Sears states that “The earlier you get connected, the more
successful your discipline will be.” (page 16). Therefore, since
kindergartens, teachers need to set the curriculum to have discipline in its
agenda. It should have the purpose of not only introducing children with
the new enviroment, developing skills and knowledge, but also introducing
them about discipline. In the article of Lab School, it is said that
kindergarten is one of the crucial places to educate children with
discipline. (par.2).
In my internship, I found a significant problem that could cause a loss
to the school and the students. The main problem was that there were
some students who lacked in discipline. They did not want to follow class
rules and also did not know the consequences of their action, for example
throwing things when they did not get what they wanted. I was the teacher
assistant in the class and I did not really know how to handle the situation.
Therefore, there was hardly anything done about this throughout the
semester. Thus, it caused a lot of problems, including the distraction of
teaching and learning processes. In order for the school to get children to
apply discipline and attain maximum educative goals, there are some
ways to be done and efforts to make, which I would like to discuss in the
subsequent chapters.
B.
Identification of the Problem
The problems are presented in the following:
1. Why do the children have lack of discipline in class?
2
Maranatha Christian University
2. What will happen in class if the children have lack of discipline?
3. How is it to handle the undisciplined children to become children
with discipline?
C.
Objectives and Benefits of the Study
The objectives of the study is to find out the causes of the children’s
having lack of discipline in class and to portray all the disadvantages
caused by children who lack of discipline. Moreover, there are some
solutions which are proposed to handle the undisciplined children in order
that the teaching and learning process can go as planned in the
curriculum.
There are some benefits of the study for the readers and the teachers
at Tunas Cemara Kindergarten, and for me as the writer. The readers and
I will get information about discipline and will find out the solution to handle
the problems when we encounter similar problem in the future.
Furthermore, the teachers at Tunas Cemara will be more aware and
equipped with the knowledge of how to handle children not having
discipline.
D.
Description of the Institution
Tunas Cemara was built by Yayasan Citra Cemara. It consists of
play group, kindergarten, elementary school, ABA International, and
Mandarin course. Kindergarten was built on April 17, 2000, elementary
school was built on June 18, 2007, ABA International was built in August
3
Maranatha Christian University
2004, and Mandarin course was built in July 2001. The location of Tunas
Cemara Kindergarten is at Jl. Situ Aksan No. 41 Bandung and the location
of elementary school is at Jl. Situ Aksan No. 33 Bandung. In the
kindergarten, the age of the children ranges from 3-5 years old. The
children of three-four years old learn in kindergarten level A and those of
four-five years old learn in kindergarten level B.
The vision of Tunas Cemara Kindergarten is to become quality
education institution which prepares children to have concept, quality, and
responsibility. The mision of Tunas Cemara Kindergarten is to educate
children to have excellent intellectual and skills in cooperation with the
children’s parents.
E.
Method of the Study
The method of the study is my observation when I did my internship at
Tunas Cemara Kindergarten. Everyday after the class finished, I wrote a
report to record what the activities and the problems that happened each
day. In addition, I did a library research to get some information, including
from books and internet.
F.
Limitation of the Study
The limitation of the study is the problem of children having lack of
discipline. I got the data from children level A in Tunas Cemara
Kindergarten during my internship on January 4, 2010 until March 19,
2010.
4
Maranatha Christian University
G.
Organization of the Term Paper
This term paper starts with the Abstract, a concise summary of the
entire paper in Bahasa Indonesia. The Abstract is followed by Declaration
of Originality, Acknowledgment and Table Contents.
The paper is divided into four chapters; the first chapter is Introduction
that has seven parts; including, Background of study, Identification of the
problem, Objectives and benefits of the study, Description of the
institution, Method of the study, Limitation of the study and Organization of
the term paper. The second chapter is Problem Analysis and the third
chapter is Potential Solution which is followed by the last chapter that is
Conclusion. In the last part, I present the Bibliography and Appendix.
5
Maranatha Christian University
BAB IV
CONCLUSION
This chapter discusses the best solution to the problem of students’
having lack of discipline at Tunas Cemara Kindergarten. There are three
causes why the teacher has difficulty in handling the problem. The first is
the children always get what they want, the second cause is the teacher
has lack of assertiveness, the third cause is the children are not aware of
the consequences of their actions. Moreover, there are three effects of the
children having lack of discipline; including, the lessons are distracted, the
students remain undisciplined for a long period of time, and much time is
spent taking care of the children lacking in discipline.
In my opinion, the best solution to handle the problem is by combining
the second and third solution, among others, giving reward and time-out
strategy to make the children discipline in class. The reason for choosing
the combination of these solutions is because both are needed to balance
the process of teaching discipline to children. Specifically, giving reward
has the advantage of respecting children when they perform good attitude.
16
Maranatha Christian University
The children would be motivated to behave well again as they feel
appreciated for what they have done. According to Ubaydillah
disciplinarian needs to give reward to children who have tried to behave
well. (par.10).
Moreover, the reason of giving time-out strategy is because the teacher
wants to correct the wrong mistakes which the children have done. He/she
wants the children to feel the importance of following rules and increase
the awareness of having discipline. Letting the children misbehave would
make them have problems not only in school, but also in society (Sears,
23). Therefore, in order to avoid this and develop the children in the right
way, it is important for the teacher to teach them about discipline through
this mild punishment strategy, called time-out.
These solutions are hopefully effective for the children who have lack of
discipline in class. If the teachers do not use the combination of the
solutions, the children can feel it is unfair, for example, when the children
feel they have behaved well, they do not get any reward; but when they
misbehave, they get punishment. Thereby, reward and punishment are
both ideal tools in the hope of helping children to have discipline.
17
Maranatha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Sources
Rimm, Dr. Sylvia. Mendidik dan Menerapkan Disiplin pada Anak
Prasekolah. Jakarta, 2003.
Sears, William, and Martha. The Discipline Book: How to Have a BetterBehaved Child From Birth to Age Ten. New York: Little Brown, 1995.
Electronic Sources
Anderson, Carolyn.”Anger in Children-5 Tips to Help Children Deal With It”
Ahira, Anne.”Pengaruh DisiplinTerhadap PrestasiBelajar Siswa”
Chatib, Munif. “Benarkah Hukuman”
Jihadsabili.” Bila Anak Selalu Dibentak” 15 Maret 2011
Kersey, Katharine C. “How to Discipline Your Child”
“Konseling Kristen.”Disiplin Anak 11 Desember 2010
Maranatha Christian University
Loh, Andrew. “Discipline Tecniques for Children that Work”
Luchan. “Ekspresi Marah Pada Anak” 31 March 2008
Martin, Harold S.”Five Pointers for Disciplining Children”
“Multiply.” Marah Pada Anak 12 Juni 2009
Ubaydillah.”Suap dan Hadiah Dalam Pengasuhan” 02 Juni 2010
“Parenting Guide.”Mengatasi Anak Manja” Maret 2008
Shields, Jessica.”Effective Ways to Discipline Your Children”
Maranatha Christian University