A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS PRODUCT LABELS A Pragmatic Analysis Of Directions In Cosmetics Product Labels.
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS
PRODUCT LABELS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS
PRODUCT LABELS
Proposed by:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
Approved by consultans:
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum)
(Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
RESEARCH PAPER
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN
COSMETICS PRODUCT LABELS
By:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
(Secretary)
3. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A, Ph.D
(Member)
Surakarta,
April 2012
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
The researcher testifies that there is no the proposed work before in her
research paper to get a bachelor degree in a certain university and as long as the
researcher knows there is also no work or idea that has ever been written or
published by other people, except referred in this research paper mentioned in
bibliography.
If it is proven that there is mistake in the researcher’s statements above in
the future, she will be fully responsible for it.
Surakarta,
April 2012
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
iv
MOTTO
Hope is like the sun, which, as we journey toward it, casts the shadow of our
burden behind us.
(Samuel Smiles)
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
Life is about movement,
Try and reach your dreams.
(the researcher)
DEDICATION
Gratefully dedicating this paper to:
1. Allah SWT, for the blessing
v
2. My parents, for their pray and support
3. My grandparents, for their love
4. My whole family, for their care
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
vi
In the name of Allah the most merciful the most kind, I would like to say
thanks to Allah SWT for His blessing and strength so the researcher can make the
research paper as the one of the requirements to the graduate degree of education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The researcher finally completes her
research paper entitled “A Pragmatic Analysis of Directions in the Cosmetics
Product Labels.”
Sholawat and salam are also given to Muhammad SAW as the best figure in
the world who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. This
research paper is written as one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of
education in English Department and in writing this paper, the researcher gets
many problems, but she thanks a lot and greatly appreciates for all that help the
researcher in making this research. Therefore she would like to express her thanks
for those who helped her in finishing of his paper.
1.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English Department for the
agreement of finishing this paper.
3.
Dra. M. Laila, M. Hum, as the first consultant and the academic consultant as
her inspiring who gives her great help, advice, guidance, and patience, so that
the researcher can finish her research well.
4.
Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum, as the second consultant for her help and
correction to the researcher so the research can be finished.
5.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A, Ph.D, as the examiner.
vii
6.
All the lecturers in the English department for their motivation in making her
research paper.
7.
Her beloved father and mother for their pray, love, help, motivation and
everything they give to the researcher.
8.
Her whole family for their help and care to the researcher.
9.
Her beloved friends in UMS, Arlis D’Chili, Dewi Kus, Yasinta, Indy Chup
Chup, Azizah, Anugrah, Mbak Diana, etc.
10. All of friends in English Department 2008 of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, especially G class.
11. Friends of “PPL UMS 2011” in SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo for their help.
12. Her best friends, Dinar, Yani, Mu’alim, and Darsini for their support in
making the research paper.
13. Her home friends, Pipit, Dek Yuni, Rina, Mbak Tri, Ahmad, Mas Heri,
Ridwan, etc. for joking together.
14. Her family in MF Dicky boarding house, Mbak Nana, Mbak Rohmi, Mbak
Riny, Herlyn, Marthin, Teh Yuni, Selvi, Tika, Yani Cempluk, Dewi, Andra,
Ajeng, etc. for the nice togetherness.
15. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
TABLE OF CONTENT
viii
COVER…………………………………………………………………....………i
APPROVAL……………………………………………………………………...ii
ACCEPTANCE …………………………………………………………………iii
TESTIMONY……………………………………………………………………iv
MOTTO…………………………………………………………………………..v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………......vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………...vii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ...…………………………………………………xii
LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………………………………...xiii
LIST OF APPENDIXES …………………………………………………...…xiv
SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………..…xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study…………………………………….1
B. Previous Study…...…………………………………………...4
C. Limitation of the Study...…………...………………………..6
D. Problem Statement……………………...……………………6
E. Objective of the Study…………..…………………………....6
F. Benefit of the Study…………...……………………………...7
G. Research Paper Organization……...………………………..8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics
1. The Concept of Pragmatics……..…………………….....9
ix
2. Pragmatic Principles……………………………………10
B. Speech Act
1. The Concept of Speech Act……………………………15
2. The Kinds of Speech Act………………………………16
3. Commanding……………..………………………..…...18
4. Directions………………………………………………18
D. Types of Sentences…………………………………………...18
E. Cosmetic and Label
1. The Concept of Cosmetic………………………….......19
2. The Concept of Label……………………………….…20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research……...…………………………………….22
B. Object of Research……...…………………………………..22
C. Data and Data Source………...…………………………….23
D. Method of Collecting Data………...………………………..23
E. Technique of Analyzing Data…………………...………….23
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis……………………………………………….24
1. The Reconstructed Forms of Directions in Cosmetics
Product Labels………………………………………....24
2. The Meaning of Directions in Cosmetics Product
Labels……………………………………………….......51
B. Discussion……..………………………………………….....81
x
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………..85
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………...86
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………87
VIRTUAL REFERENCES…………………………………………………….88
APPENDIXES
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
CP: Cosmetics Product
xi
D : Directions
P : Pragmatics
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: The Kinds of Sentence …………………………………………….82
xii
Table 2: The Meaning of Directions……………….……………………..…83
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Data
xiii
Appendix 2: Data Source
SUMMARY
TYAS PURWANINGSIH. A 320080254. A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS PRODUCT LABELS. RESEARCH PAPER.
xiv
SURAKARTA: SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2012.
This research deals with directions in cosmetics product labels. The aims
of the research are identifying the reconstructed forms and describing the meaning
of the directions in cosmetics product labels.
The type of this research is qualitative study with the approach pragmatics.
This research has data source from cosmetics product labels. The method of
collecting data is documentation and the steps are reading, classifying, and coding
the data. The technique of analyzing data are identifying the reconstructed forms
of directions in cosmetics product labels by applying the kinds of sentences of
Frank, and describing the meaning of directions in cosmetics product labels by
applying the theory of Wijana. The method of analyzing data is descriptive
technique.
Having analyzed the data, the researcher found that the reconstructed
forms of directions are all in imperative sentences which it divided to 70,83% of
simple sentences, 18,75% of compound sentences, and 10,42% of complex
sentences. There are two kinds of the meaning of the directions; they are literal
speech act 91,67% and nonliteral speech act 8,33%.
Keywords: Pragmatics, Directions, cosmetics product labels.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum)
(Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
xv
PRODUCT LABELS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
APPROVAL
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS
PRODUCT LABELS
Proposed by:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
Approved by consultans:
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum)
(Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
RESEARCH PAPER
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIONS IN
COSMETICS PRODUCT LABELS
By:
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
(Secretary)
3. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A, Ph.D
(Member)
Surakarta,
April 2012
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
The researcher testifies that there is no the proposed work before in her
research paper to get a bachelor degree in a certain university and as long as the
researcher knows there is also no work or idea that has ever been written or
published by other people, except referred in this research paper mentioned in
bibliography.
If it is proven that there is mistake in the researcher’s statements above in
the future, she will be fully responsible for it.
Surakarta,
April 2012
TYAS PURWANINGSIH
A320080254
iv
MOTTO
Hope is like the sun, which, as we journey toward it, casts the shadow of our
burden behind us.
(Samuel Smiles)
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
Life is about movement,
Try and reach your dreams.
(the researcher)
DEDICATION
Gratefully dedicating this paper to:
1. Allah SWT, for the blessing
v
2. My parents, for their pray and support
3. My grandparents, for their love
4. My whole family, for their care
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
vi
In the name of Allah the most merciful the most kind, I would like to say
thanks to Allah SWT for His blessing and strength so the researcher can make the
research paper as the one of the requirements to the graduate degree of education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The researcher finally completes her
research paper entitled “A Pragmatic Analysis of Directions in the Cosmetics
Product Labels.”
Sholawat and salam are also given to Muhammad SAW as the best figure in
the world who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. This
research paper is written as one of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of
education in English Department and in writing this paper, the researcher gets
many problems, but she thanks a lot and greatly appreciates for all that help the
researcher in making this research. Therefore she would like to express her thanks
for those who helped her in finishing of his paper.
1.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English Department for the
agreement of finishing this paper.
3.
Dra. M. Laila, M. Hum, as the first consultant and the academic consultant as
her inspiring who gives her great help, advice, guidance, and patience, so that
the researcher can finish her research well.
4.
Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum, as the second consultant for her help and
correction to the researcher so the research can be finished.
5.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A, Ph.D, as the examiner.
vii
6.
All the lecturers in the English department for their motivation in making her
research paper.
7.
Her beloved father and mother for their pray, love, help, motivation and
everything they give to the researcher.
8.
Her whole family for their help and care to the researcher.
9.
Her beloved friends in UMS, Arlis D’Chili, Dewi Kus, Yasinta, Indy Chup
Chup, Azizah, Anugrah, Mbak Diana, etc.
10. All of friends in English Department 2008 of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, especially G class.
11. Friends of “PPL UMS 2011” in SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo for their help.
12. Her best friends, Dinar, Yani, Mu’alim, and Darsini for their support in
making the research paper.
13. Her home friends, Pipit, Dek Yuni, Rina, Mbak Tri, Ahmad, Mas Heri,
Ridwan, etc. for joking together.
14. Her family in MF Dicky boarding house, Mbak Nana, Mbak Rohmi, Mbak
Riny, Herlyn, Marthin, Teh Yuni, Selvi, Tika, Yani Cempluk, Dewi, Andra,
Ajeng, etc. for the nice togetherness.
15. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
TABLE OF CONTENT
viii
COVER…………………………………………………………………....………i
APPROVAL……………………………………………………………………...ii
ACCEPTANCE …………………………………………………………………iii
TESTIMONY……………………………………………………………………iv
MOTTO…………………………………………………………………………..v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………......vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………...vii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ...…………………………………………………xii
LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………………………………...xiii
LIST OF APPENDIXES …………………………………………………...…xiv
SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………..…xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study…………………………………….1
B. Previous Study…...…………………………………………...4
C. Limitation of the Study...…………...………………………..6
D. Problem Statement……………………...……………………6
E. Objective of the Study…………..…………………………....6
F. Benefit of the Study…………...……………………………...7
G. Research Paper Organization……...………………………..8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics
1. The Concept of Pragmatics……..…………………….....9
ix
2. Pragmatic Principles……………………………………10
B. Speech Act
1. The Concept of Speech Act……………………………15
2. The Kinds of Speech Act………………………………16
3. Commanding……………..………………………..…...18
4. Directions………………………………………………18
D. Types of Sentences…………………………………………...18
E. Cosmetic and Label
1. The Concept of Cosmetic………………………….......19
2. The Concept of Label……………………………….…20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research……...…………………………………….22
B. Object of Research……...…………………………………..22
C. Data and Data Source………...…………………………….23
D. Method of Collecting Data………...………………………..23
E. Technique of Analyzing Data…………………...………….23
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis……………………………………………….24
1. The Reconstructed Forms of Directions in Cosmetics
Product Labels………………………………………....24
2. The Meaning of Directions in Cosmetics Product
Labels……………………………………………….......51
B. Discussion……..………………………………………….....81
x
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………..85
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………...86
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………87
VIRTUAL REFERENCES…………………………………………………….88
APPENDIXES
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
CP: Cosmetics Product
xi
D : Directions
P : Pragmatics
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: The Kinds of Sentence …………………………………………….82
xii
Table 2: The Meaning of Directions……………….……………………..…83
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Data
xiii
Appendix 2: Data Source
SUMMARY
TYAS PURWANINGSIH. A 320080254. A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
DIRECTIONS IN COSMETICS PRODUCT LABELS. RESEARCH PAPER.
xiv
SURAKARTA: SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2012.
This research deals with directions in cosmetics product labels. The aims
of the research are identifying the reconstructed forms and describing the meaning
of the directions in cosmetics product labels.
The type of this research is qualitative study with the approach pragmatics.
This research has data source from cosmetics product labels. The method of
collecting data is documentation and the steps are reading, classifying, and coding
the data. The technique of analyzing data are identifying the reconstructed forms
of directions in cosmetics product labels by applying the kinds of sentences of
Frank, and describing the meaning of directions in cosmetics product labels by
applying the theory of Wijana. The method of analyzing data is descriptive
technique.
Having analyzed the data, the researcher found that the reconstructed
forms of directions are all in imperative sentences which it divided to 70,83% of
simple sentences, 18,75% of compound sentences, and 10,42% of complex
sentences. There are two kinds of the meaning of the directions; they are literal
speech act 91,67% and nonliteral speech act 8,33%.
Keywords: Pragmatics, Directions, cosmetics product labels.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum)
(Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
xv