SPEECH FUNCTION IN THE LYRICS OF WESTLIFE’S SONG.
SPEECH FUNCTION IN THE LYRICS OF
WESTLIFE’S SONG
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts
UNIMED in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
Widiya Sari Sufa
Register Number : 072222810002
ENGLISH EDUCATION AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan,
Februari 2013
WIDIYA SARI SUFA
072222810002
ABSTRACT
Sufa,Widiya Sari 072222810002. Speech Function in the lyrics of Westlife’s
Song. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.
2013.
This study deals with analysis of Speech Function in the lyrics of
Westlife’s Song. The Objective of the study were to find the types of speech
function used in Weslife’s song and the reason in using the domnant type of
Speech Fuction the way it is.This research was conducted by using qualitative
descriptive design. There are eight lyrics Speech Function of Westlife’s song in
this study taken from internet, they were accessed the website,
www.westlifesong.com. They were the prepared by random sampling on there
were eight westlife’s songs that were If I let you go (July 03 .2004), I lay my love
on you (Juny 01, 2008), My love (October 19, 2009), I have a dream(November
21, 2010), Coming Home (Agustus 15, 2005), Flying without wings ( February
14, 2006), Fool again (Mei 04, 2000), Season in the sun (February 07, 2007). The
resut of analyzing types of speech function were used in Westlife’s song , they
were 138 clauses representing speech function . The findings of data analysis
showed that the total numbers of speech function from the eight lyrics of
Westlife’s song were : Statement/ Declarative 86.2 %, Question/ Interrogative 6.5
%, Offer/ Interrogative 0.7 %, Command/ Imperative 6.5 %. It means that
representative form is the most dominant the types of speech function used in
Statement/ Declarative. It is 86.2 %, This is also implies that language of ideas
use in Westlife’s song mostly specify gving information in their ideas.
i
ACKNOWLEDMENT
First and foremost, the writer gives the greatest thanks to the almighty
ALLAH SWT, most merciful for the opportunity, health and blessing given to her
which was enabled her to complete her thesis in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department of
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
The writer got assistances and supports during completing her thesis. The
writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik., M.Si, Rector, State University of Medan.
Dean I, II, III and all the administrative staffs.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Vice
Prof. Dr.Hj. Sumarsih, M.Hum.,Head English and Literature Department,
and her Academic adviser, for her suggestions and advice during the academic
years spent in English Department and for all the lecturers who have given
valuable knowledge.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum.,Secretary, English and Literature Department.
Dra.Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Head, Education Program of English
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., Head, English Applied Linguistic Program.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, her thesis consultant, for his valuable assistance,
guidance, advices and encouragement during the process of accomplishing
this thesis.
contribution of knowledge.
academic administration.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M. Hum., her lecturer who have tought and given
Endah, Indri, and Hasimwho have helped the writer in providing the
Library staff of Unimedthat has help and prepared Education Study
Program.
ii
Drs. Sudirman, SP. M.Si. and Dra. Farida Nadeak, her beloved parents, for
the prayers, advices, supports and endless love. Also to Dina and Nanda, her
brother
and
sister.
And
also
to
MulkiFathul,
S.Pdi,
Sri
Murniati,S.PdandIrhamZulkifli, ST, for their advices, suggestions, and
supports.
Wilda, Yessi, Yuni, Wita, Adhyher beloved friends, for their advices,
suggestions, supports, and help.
Medan,
Maret 2013
The writer,
Widiya Sari Sufa
072222810002
iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
First and foremost, the writer gives the greatest thanks to the almighty
ALLAH SWT, most merciful for the opportunity, health and blessing given to her
which was enabled her to complete her thesis in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department of
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
The writer got assistances and supports during completing her thesis. The
writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik., M.Si, Rector, State University of Medan.
Dean I, II, III and all the administrative staffs.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Vice
Prof. Dr.Hj. Sumarsih, M.Hum.,Head English and Literature Department,
and her Academic adviser, for her suggestions and advice during the academic
years spent in English Department and for all the lecturers who have given
valuable knowledge.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum.,Secretary, English and Literature Department.
Dra.Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Head, Education Program of English
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., Head, English Applied Linguistic Program.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, her thesis consultant, for his valuable assistance,
guidance, advices and encouragement during the process of accomplishing
this thesis.
contribution of knowledge.
academic administration.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M. Hum., her lecturer who have tought and given
Endah, Indri, and Hasimwho have helped the writer in providing the
Library staff of Unimedthat has help and prepared Education Study
Program.
ii
Drs. Sudirman, SP. M.Si. and Dra. Farida Nadeak, her beloved parents, for
the prayers, advices, supports and endless love. Also to Dina and Nanda, her
brother
and
sister.
And
also
to
MulkiFathul,
S.Pdi,
Sri
Murniati,S.PdandIrhamZulkifli, ST, for their advices, suggestions, and
supports.
Wilda, Yessi, Yuni, Wita, Adhyher beloved friends, for their advices,
suggestions, supports, and help.
Medan,
Maret 2013
The writer,
Widiya Sari Sufa
072222810002
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ..................................................................................
LIST OF DIAGRAM ............................................................................
LIST OF APPENDIX ...........................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
vii
viii
CHAPTERI I INTRODUCTION ........................................................
A. Background Of Study..................................................................
B. The Problem Of The Study .........................................................
C. The Object Of The Study ............................................................
D. The Scope Of Th Study ...............................................................
E. The Siginficance Of The Study ...................................................
1
1
6
7
7
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................
A. Theoretical Framework ...............................................................
B. Systematic Funtional Linguistic ..................................................
C. Metafuncition ..............................................................................
1. The Ideational Function .......................................................
2. The Interpersonal Function ...................................................
3. The Textual Function ............................................................
D. Interpersonal Meaning ................................................................
E. Speech Functions ........................................................................
1. Statements .............................................................................
2. Question ................................................................................
3. Offer ......................................................................................
4. Command ..............................................................................
F. Mood ...........................................................................................
1. Indicative Mood ....................................................................
2. Imperative .............................................................................
G. Non Literal Meaning ...................................................................
H. Literature .....................................................................................
I. Song ...........................................................................................
J. History Of Westlife .....................................................................
9
9
9
10
11
11
11
12
14
16
17
18
18
21
22
24
24
25
26
27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH OF METHOD.......................................
A. Reserch Design............................................................................
B. Subject Of The Study ..................................................................
C. The Technique Of Collecting Data .............................................
D. The Steps For Analyzing Data ....................................................
29
29
29
30
31
iv
CHAPTER IV DATA & DATA ANALYSIS .....................................
A. The Data ......................................................................................
B. Data Analysis ..............................................................................
C. Research Findings .......................................................................
32
32
38
43
CHAPTER V CONCLLUSIONS & SUGGESTION........................
A. Conclusion...................................................................................
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
45
45
46
REFERENCES ......................................................................................
APPENDICES .......................................................................................
47
49
v
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Page
Diagram 2.1Sytem Network of Speech Function ....................................... 15
Diagram 2.2 A Simple “System Network” of English Mood Types .......... 22
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix A ......................................................................................................
Table A.1...................................................................................................
Table A.2...................................................................................................
Table A.3...................................................................................................
Table A.4...................................................................................................
Table A.5...................................................................................................
Table A.6...................................................................................................
Table A.7...................................................................................................
Table A.8...................................................................................................
Appendix B ......................................................................................................
viii
49
49
50
51
52
52
53
54
55
56
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Human as social beings, need to interact with other peope. By using
language they communicate each other in their interaction to transfer ideas,
thought, and feelings, because language is means of communication. Language is
used also to get information from any textbook and from electronic tools such as
phone cell, computer and internet.
In Westlife’s songs, it’s found that many use of speech function in the
lyrics among the lyrics. It is not all the utterances spoken by the lyrics have literal
meaning. The utterances may have underlying meanings and carry certain
functions. It also creates another problem in classifying the types of speech
function in song. Because of that reason, this proposal want to prove that in
classifying speech function also influence by context of situation. The statement
can be a command in different context; the question can be a command in
different context, as well as others. The situation in songs can be seen from the
lyric. Those are the reason that the writer why chooses Westlife’s songs as the
object of my research. The biggest reasons are song’s lyric is seen as one of study
resource and the inspiration of linguistics research and a lot of people are the fans
of “Westlife “.
Speech Function in song’s lyrics same like in our daily life speech
function, because language in song’s lyrics similar with language uses in daily
1
2
life. Although song’s lyrics author often use unusual punctuations to express
his/her what he/she means, such as (?? ), (…), (!!), etc. It makes people little bit
hard to classifying speech function, because as we know that usually statement
ended by full stop (.), questions ended by question mark (?), command ended by
exclamation mark(!) and offer ended by question mark(?). Thus, in classifying the
type of speech function we have to know what is the content of the clauses, not
only by seeing the mark of the clauses.
Tarigan(1990:2) writes that the use of language as a means of
communication, both in oral and written form, varies according to the knowledge
of language competence owned by the users. Language may refer either to the
specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of
communication, or
to a specific instance of such a system of complex
communication. The scientific study of language in any of its sense is called
linguistics.
Language can be expressed into two form, they are: written and spoken.
Written language can be found in the novel, newspaper, poetry letter, magazine ;
and spoken language can be found in the song, speech, and conversation. Palmer
(1976:5) states language can be viewed as a communication system that relates
something to be communicated with something that communicates, a message on
the one hand with a set signs or symbols on the other.
Language exists to fulfill human needs. Therefore the body of the language
depends on the use, the application and the function of the language for human
needs (Halliday and Hasan 1985:10). Systematic functional linguistics (SFL) is a
3
theory of language centered on the notions of language function. There are so
many functions of language, some of them are to: give information, deliver
message, express feelings persuade people, entertain people, and share opinion.
Clark (1977:3) stated that language stands at the center of human affairs,from the
most prosaic to the most profound. It serves many functions: to give information,
to express feeling, to persuade people to do something or to share one’s thoughts.
It is basic ingredient in virtually every social situation.
Song is a communication media. Along the history, song has been to
deliver a message. Like other communication media, song is the expression of
writer’s feelings and thought. However, song is different from other
communication media in general. As a media of communication.
Most of the people in the world like listening the music, especially the
teenagers. Music is one of the favorite entertainments in our life. By listening to
music, people can feel happy, enjoy or relax in their life. Through music people
can communicate to others by the instrument played or by the lyrics. Music is
needed on many occasion such as at birthday parties, wedding parties, and
anniversary parties, religious occasions and in funeral ceremony.
Hasibuan,(2012) he is also writes that Speech Function in Detective Conan
Comic.The main purposes of the study are describing to be classified the type of
speech function we have to know what is the content of the clauses, not only by
seeing the mark of the clauses. He said that is not all the utterances may have
underlying meanings and carry certain functions, because the situation in comic
can be seen from the picture and the text. The Dataof this study are classified into
4
four types of speech functions in the procedures, namely statement, from
Detective Conan Comiconline inwww.mangreader.comchapter 755 –758. 64
pages are taken from chapter as the sample, 734 clauses representing speech
function. The result of the study are in Detective’s Conan Comic, it’s found
indicate use statement than other types of speech function. It’s also implies that
language of comic use Detective Conan Comic mostly specify giving information
by stating or the act of stating in speech.
Futhermore in her thesis Ningsih, (2010) writes thatInterpersonalFunctions
in TV program of Mario Teguh's Golden Ways is based on SFL approach. The main
purposes of the studyto describe the types of speech functions used in Mario
Teguh's Golden Ways, to investigate how the types of speech functions realized
linguistically,The data of this study areto find outthe types of epithet applied in
Mario Teguh's Golden Ways. The result of the study the role of Mario Teguh is as
the speaker of the program used statement to express his ideas, that is to give
information or deliver messages to the audiences and in giving information, Mario
Teguh expressed in direct statements or congruently.To express the speaker's
certainty of his arguments in TV program where the speaker expresses judgments
as to the frequency with which something happens, it is reflecting intermediate
degree of proposition which is something that can be argued in particular way to
exchange information.
Futhermore
in
her
thesis
Sulistyowati,
(2010)writes
that
The
SpeechFunction in the conversation between the fourth semester Department
Students of Maria Kudus University and some foreigner.The main purposes of the
5
study are describing the speech functions chosen by the students and foreigner.
Explaining the role relation enactment amongthem, and also describing the
contribution of speech function in language education. The data of this study are
transcription of the students and the foreigner’s oral communication. The results
of the study capabilities in applying their grammar knowledge from speaking class
into real social roles, such asa negotiating the relationship of solidarity and
intimacy in participating in the oral communication.
Futhermore in her thesis Ruwaida,(2010) writes thatInterpersonal function
is a term used in semantics as a part of classification of types of meaning. The
main purposes of the study to describe how the speech functions are patterned in
classroom interaction, to investigate the types of speech functions used in
classroom interaction. The data of this study are based on The students are from
the Grade X consisting of 55 students State Senior High School 3
(SekolahMenengahAtas: SMA 3) Medan to discover speech function in classroom
interaction of the student. The result of the study show that both teacher and
students play an important role in classroom interaction. It is because of students
just answer questions from teacher and gave statements needed. And then they ask
questions if they still do not understand or if they do not get knowledge or
information. Calling & response to calling, exclamation & response to
exclamation, acknowledge offer, command & response offer to command were
not used by students. The reasons are students' role and students' position is not a
leader in class, they never command elements in class.
6
Futhermore in his thesis Hafiz Ahmad Bilal, (2012) writes that Analysis
of thank you M’AM: Halliday’s Metafunctions. The main purposes of the study
are analysis the examination of linguistics features of a text not only helps in
understanding the structure of the text but also the deep meanings of it. Such an
analysis reveals the hidden-self of the characters bringing out their intentions
behind the utterances which may appear difficult to grasp for a second language
learner. The data of this study to create a second language learning environment
that more accurately reflects how language is used and encourages learners toward
their goal of proficiency in another language.The result of the study are teachers
can use discourse analysis not only as a research method for investigating their
own teaching practices but also as a tool for studying interactions among language
learners. Learners can benefit from using discourse analysis to explore what
language is and how it is used to achieve communicative goals in different
contexts.
B. The Problem of The Study
Based on the explanation on the background of study, the problems of the
study were formulated as the following:
a) What types of speech functions are used in the songs of “ Westlife” ?
b) What is the most dominantly type of speech functions are used in the
songs of
“ Westlife ” ?
7
c) What the implication of the dominant types of speech functions are used in
Westlife song?
C. The Objective of The Study
Related to the problems of the study formulated above, the objectives of
the study are as follows:
a) To identify the types of Speech Functions that are used in the song.
b) Determining the type of Speech Functions that is used most dominantly in
The Westlife’s songs.
c) To find out the implication of the dominant types of speech functions in “
Westlife.”
D. The Scope of the Study
The Scope of this study is focused on the types of speech function
identified in Westlife’s songs. This study will be limited the eight sample of
song’s lyrics that are taken by random sampling. They are : If I let you go, I lay
my love on you, My love, I have a dream, Coming Home, Flying without wings,
Fool again, Season in the sun.
E. The Significance of The Study
The research findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
a) Theoretically, The readers help to understand using theory of knowledge
about speech function in song improving their skill correctly.
8
b) The researcher will give a new direction to linguistic research and
capability to understand analysis speech function by communication media
such as song which interested in effective communication as the
prospective object of research in the future.
9
32
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
After analyzing types of speech function in Westlife Song, the conclusions
are presented as follows:
1. The total numbers of the types of speech functions from the eight lyrics of
the Westlife’s songs were:
Statement/Declarative86.2%,Question/Interrogative6.5%,Offer/Interrogati
ve 0.7%, Command/Imperative 6.5%.
2. The most dominant the types of speech functions used in the eight
Westlife‘s Songs, It is Statement/Declarative (86.2%) .
3. In the mood system, declarative also the most dominant used in The Eight
Westlife’s songs.
4. In classifying the speech function also influence by context of situation. It
means that is not all statement is giving information, not all the question is
demanding information. It is depend on the context.
45
46
B. Suggestions
Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are
forwarding:
1. The writer suggest the student to learn more about Speech functions
because it is an interesting lesson that will help every students understand
the real meaning of the lyrics in Westlife’s song and the usages in
communication because language usage in the song is not different our
daily life communication.
2. The writer suggest the students of English Department are advised to study
more about every kind of writing, such as advertising, novel, newspaper,
song, etc, so they can get better understanding on how language is used in
communication.
3. The writer suggest to readers to find out other theories about speech
function in other text related to songs, because there are many interesting
book that explaining about speech function.
47
REFERENCES
Ahmad Bilal, Hafiz. 2012. Analysis of thank you M’AM. Pakistan: Journal
ofMetafunction,
1-10.
Retrieved
Februari
12,
2012,
fromhttp://jbr.org/articles.html.
Alwight. D. & KM.Bailey. 1991. Focus on The language clasroom. Cambridge:
CUP.
Bloor, Thomas & Bloor, Mariel. 1995. The Fuction Analyzing of English .
London: Oxford University Press.
Chomsky, N. 1988. Language. Mouton : The Hague.
Clack, H.H & Clark,E.V. 1977. Psychology and Language.New York:
HarcourtBrace Jovanovich.
Collins, W. 1990. Collins Build English Grammar.Birmingham: HarperCollins
Publisher.
Communicate Better Blog Spot: The advantages and disadvantage of written and
spoken communication. http://comminicate better. blogspot. com/
2008/ II/ advantages and disadvatages of written.html.
Eggins,S& Slad,D.1977.Analyzing CasualConversation. London: SE, Martin’s
Press
Enggins, S. 1994. An introduction to Systemic Functional Linguitic. London:
Pinter.
Halliday, M.A. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward
Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K 1970. Language structure and language functional. In lyon,
J. (ed.) New horizons In Linguistic. Harnmoswordth: Penguin,:
140-165.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1988. Introduction to Fuctional Grammar 2nd ed. London:
Edward Arnorld. 1994.
Halliday, MAK and Ruqaiyah Hasan.1985.Language, context, text: Aspect of
language in a social semiotic perspective. Victoria: Deakin
University Press.
Hasibuan, Anwar. 2012. Speech Functionals in Detective Conan Comic. Medan:
A Thesis Faculty of Language and Art.UNIMED.
48
ornby, A.S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.
Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
Http://www.westlifesong.com / wiki/ Westlife_Song. RetrievedApril 2012.
Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure.Amsterdam: John
Benjamin Publisher Company.
Nazir, M. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta : Ghalia Indonesia.
Ningsih, Yuliana. 2010. Interpersonal Functions in TV Program of Mario
Teguh’s Golden Ways. Medan: A Thesis Faculty of Language and
Art, UNIMED.
Ruwaidah, Sulaiman. 2010. Interpersonal functional is a term used in semantic as
a part of classification of types of meaning. Medan: A Thesis
Faculty of Language and Art, UNIMED.
Saeed, Jhon Ibrahim. 2004. Semantic. Kensington, Maryland: Dunwoody Press.
Saragih, Amrin. 2006. Introduction Systematic Functional Grammar. Medan.
State University of Medan ( Unpublished).
Sulistyowati, Titis. 2010. The Speech Function in the conversation between the
fourth semester Department Students of Maria Kudus Universiy and some
foreigner. Semarang: The Journal of Maria Kudus University.1-10 Retrieved
Februari 14, 2012, fromhttp://jbr.org/articles.htm
WESTLIFE’S SONG
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts
UNIMED in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
Widiya Sari Sufa
Register Number : 072222810002
ENGLISH EDUCATION AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for
assessment. I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or
otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan,
Februari 2013
WIDIYA SARI SUFA
072222810002
ABSTRACT
Sufa,Widiya Sari 072222810002. Speech Function in the lyrics of Westlife’s
Song. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.
2013.
This study deals with analysis of Speech Function in the lyrics of
Westlife’s Song. The Objective of the study were to find the types of speech
function used in Weslife’s song and the reason in using the domnant type of
Speech Fuction the way it is.This research was conducted by using qualitative
descriptive design. There are eight lyrics Speech Function of Westlife’s song in
this study taken from internet, they were accessed the website,
www.westlifesong.com. They were the prepared by random sampling on there
were eight westlife’s songs that were If I let you go (July 03 .2004), I lay my love
on you (Juny 01, 2008), My love (October 19, 2009), I have a dream(November
21, 2010), Coming Home (Agustus 15, 2005), Flying without wings ( February
14, 2006), Fool again (Mei 04, 2000), Season in the sun (February 07, 2007). The
resut of analyzing types of speech function were used in Westlife’s song , they
were 138 clauses representing speech function . The findings of data analysis
showed that the total numbers of speech function from the eight lyrics of
Westlife’s song were : Statement/ Declarative 86.2 %, Question/ Interrogative 6.5
%, Offer/ Interrogative 0.7 %, Command/ Imperative 6.5 %. It means that
representative form is the most dominant the types of speech function used in
Statement/ Declarative. It is 86.2 %, This is also implies that language of ideas
use in Westlife’s song mostly specify gving information in their ideas.
i
ACKNOWLEDMENT
First and foremost, the writer gives the greatest thanks to the almighty
ALLAH SWT, most merciful for the opportunity, health and blessing given to her
which was enabled her to complete her thesis in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department of
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
The writer got assistances and supports during completing her thesis. The
writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik., M.Si, Rector, State University of Medan.
Dean I, II, III and all the administrative staffs.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Vice
Prof. Dr.Hj. Sumarsih, M.Hum.,Head English and Literature Department,
and her Academic adviser, for her suggestions and advice during the academic
years spent in English Department and for all the lecturers who have given
valuable knowledge.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum.,Secretary, English and Literature Department.
Dra.Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Head, Education Program of English
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., Head, English Applied Linguistic Program.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, her thesis consultant, for his valuable assistance,
guidance, advices and encouragement during the process of accomplishing
this thesis.
contribution of knowledge.
academic administration.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M. Hum., her lecturer who have tought and given
Endah, Indri, and Hasimwho have helped the writer in providing the
Library staff of Unimedthat has help and prepared Education Study
Program.
ii
Drs. Sudirman, SP. M.Si. and Dra. Farida Nadeak, her beloved parents, for
the prayers, advices, supports and endless love. Also to Dina and Nanda, her
brother
and
sister.
And
also
to
MulkiFathul,
S.Pdi,
Sri
Murniati,S.PdandIrhamZulkifli, ST, for their advices, suggestions, and
supports.
Wilda, Yessi, Yuni, Wita, Adhyher beloved friends, for their advices,
suggestions, supports, and help.
Medan,
Maret 2013
The writer,
Widiya Sari Sufa
072222810002
iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
First and foremost, the writer gives the greatest thanks to the almighty
ALLAH SWT, most merciful for the opportunity, health and blessing given to her
which was enabled her to complete her thesis in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department of
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
The writer got assistances and supports during completing her thesis. The
writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik., M.Si, Rector, State University of Medan.
Dean I, II, III and all the administrative staffs.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Vice
Prof. Dr.Hj. Sumarsih, M.Hum.,Head English and Literature Department,
and her Academic adviser, for her suggestions and advice during the academic
years spent in English Department and for all the lecturers who have given
valuable knowledge.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum.,Secretary, English and Literature Department.
Dra.Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Head, Education Program of English
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., Head, English Applied Linguistic Program.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, her thesis consultant, for his valuable assistance,
guidance, advices and encouragement during the process of accomplishing
this thesis.
contribution of knowledge.
academic administration.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M. Hum., her lecturer who have tought and given
Endah, Indri, and Hasimwho have helped the writer in providing the
Library staff of Unimedthat has help and prepared Education Study
Program.
ii
Drs. Sudirman, SP. M.Si. and Dra. Farida Nadeak, her beloved parents, for
the prayers, advices, supports and endless love. Also to Dina and Nanda, her
brother
and
sister.
And
also
to
MulkiFathul,
S.Pdi,
Sri
Murniati,S.PdandIrhamZulkifli, ST, for their advices, suggestions, and
supports.
Wilda, Yessi, Yuni, Wita, Adhyher beloved friends, for their advices,
suggestions, supports, and help.
Medan,
Maret 2013
The writer,
Widiya Sari Sufa
072222810002
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ..................................................................................
LIST OF DIAGRAM ............................................................................
LIST OF APPENDIX ...........................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
vii
viii
CHAPTERI I INTRODUCTION ........................................................
A. Background Of Study..................................................................
B. The Problem Of The Study .........................................................
C. The Object Of The Study ............................................................
D. The Scope Of Th Study ...............................................................
E. The Siginficance Of The Study ...................................................
1
1
6
7
7
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................
A. Theoretical Framework ...............................................................
B. Systematic Funtional Linguistic ..................................................
C. Metafuncition ..............................................................................
1. The Ideational Function .......................................................
2. The Interpersonal Function ...................................................
3. The Textual Function ............................................................
D. Interpersonal Meaning ................................................................
E. Speech Functions ........................................................................
1. Statements .............................................................................
2. Question ................................................................................
3. Offer ......................................................................................
4. Command ..............................................................................
F. Mood ...........................................................................................
1. Indicative Mood ....................................................................
2. Imperative .............................................................................
G. Non Literal Meaning ...................................................................
H. Literature .....................................................................................
I. Song ...........................................................................................
J. History Of Westlife .....................................................................
9
9
9
10
11
11
11
12
14
16
17
18
18
21
22
24
24
25
26
27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH OF METHOD.......................................
A. Reserch Design............................................................................
B. Subject Of The Study ..................................................................
C. The Technique Of Collecting Data .............................................
D. The Steps For Analyzing Data ....................................................
29
29
29
30
31
iv
CHAPTER IV DATA & DATA ANALYSIS .....................................
A. The Data ......................................................................................
B. Data Analysis ..............................................................................
C. Research Findings .......................................................................
32
32
38
43
CHAPTER V CONCLLUSIONS & SUGGESTION........................
A. Conclusion...................................................................................
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................
45
45
46
REFERENCES ......................................................................................
APPENDICES .......................................................................................
47
49
v
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Page
Diagram 2.1Sytem Network of Speech Function ....................................... 15
Diagram 2.2 A Simple “System Network” of English Mood Types .......... 22
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix A ......................................................................................................
Table A.1...................................................................................................
Table A.2...................................................................................................
Table A.3...................................................................................................
Table A.4...................................................................................................
Table A.5...................................................................................................
Table A.6...................................................................................................
Table A.7...................................................................................................
Table A.8...................................................................................................
Appendix B ......................................................................................................
viii
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49
50
51
52
52
53
54
55
56
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Human as social beings, need to interact with other peope. By using
language they communicate each other in their interaction to transfer ideas,
thought, and feelings, because language is means of communication. Language is
used also to get information from any textbook and from electronic tools such as
phone cell, computer and internet.
In Westlife’s songs, it’s found that many use of speech function in the
lyrics among the lyrics. It is not all the utterances spoken by the lyrics have literal
meaning. The utterances may have underlying meanings and carry certain
functions. It also creates another problem in classifying the types of speech
function in song. Because of that reason, this proposal want to prove that in
classifying speech function also influence by context of situation. The statement
can be a command in different context; the question can be a command in
different context, as well as others. The situation in songs can be seen from the
lyric. Those are the reason that the writer why chooses Westlife’s songs as the
object of my research. The biggest reasons are song’s lyric is seen as one of study
resource and the inspiration of linguistics research and a lot of people are the fans
of “Westlife “.
Speech Function in song’s lyrics same like in our daily life speech
function, because language in song’s lyrics similar with language uses in daily
1
2
life. Although song’s lyrics author often use unusual punctuations to express
his/her what he/she means, such as (?? ), (…), (!!), etc. It makes people little bit
hard to classifying speech function, because as we know that usually statement
ended by full stop (.), questions ended by question mark (?), command ended by
exclamation mark(!) and offer ended by question mark(?). Thus, in classifying the
type of speech function we have to know what is the content of the clauses, not
only by seeing the mark of the clauses.
Tarigan(1990:2) writes that the use of language as a means of
communication, both in oral and written form, varies according to the knowledge
of language competence owned by the users. Language may refer either to the
specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of
communication, or
to a specific instance of such a system of complex
communication. The scientific study of language in any of its sense is called
linguistics.
Language can be expressed into two form, they are: written and spoken.
Written language can be found in the novel, newspaper, poetry letter, magazine ;
and spoken language can be found in the song, speech, and conversation. Palmer
(1976:5) states language can be viewed as a communication system that relates
something to be communicated with something that communicates, a message on
the one hand with a set signs or symbols on the other.
Language exists to fulfill human needs. Therefore the body of the language
depends on the use, the application and the function of the language for human
needs (Halliday and Hasan 1985:10). Systematic functional linguistics (SFL) is a
3
theory of language centered on the notions of language function. There are so
many functions of language, some of them are to: give information, deliver
message, express feelings persuade people, entertain people, and share opinion.
Clark (1977:3) stated that language stands at the center of human affairs,from the
most prosaic to the most profound. It serves many functions: to give information,
to express feeling, to persuade people to do something or to share one’s thoughts.
It is basic ingredient in virtually every social situation.
Song is a communication media. Along the history, song has been to
deliver a message. Like other communication media, song is the expression of
writer’s feelings and thought. However, song is different from other
communication media in general. As a media of communication.
Most of the people in the world like listening the music, especially the
teenagers. Music is one of the favorite entertainments in our life. By listening to
music, people can feel happy, enjoy or relax in their life. Through music people
can communicate to others by the instrument played or by the lyrics. Music is
needed on many occasion such as at birthday parties, wedding parties, and
anniversary parties, religious occasions and in funeral ceremony.
Hasibuan,(2012) he is also writes that Speech Function in Detective Conan
Comic.The main purposes of the study are describing to be classified the type of
speech function we have to know what is the content of the clauses, not only by
seeing the mark of the clauses. He said that is not all the utterances may have
underlying meanings and carry certain functions, because the situation in comic
can be seen from the picture and the text. The Dataof this study are classified into
4
four types of speech functions in the procedures, namely statement, from
Detective Conan Comiconline inwww.mangreader.comchapter 755 –758. 64
pages are taken from chapter as the sample, 734 clauses representing speech
function. The result of the study are in Detective’s Conan Comic, it’s found
indicate use statement than other types of speech function. It’s also implies that
language of comic use Detective Conan Comic mostly specify giving information
by stating or the act of stating in speech.
Futhermore in her thesis Ningsih, (2010) writes thatInterpersonalFunctions
in TV program of Mario Teguh's Golden Ways is based on SFL approach. The main
purposes of the studyto describe the types of speech functions used in Mario
Teguh's Golden Ways, to investigate how the types of speech functions realized
linguistically,The data of this study areto find outthe types of epithet applied in
Mario Teguh's Golden Ways. The result of the study the role of Mario Teguh is as
the speaker of the program used statement to express his ideas, that is to give
information or deliver messages to the audiences and in giving information, Mario
Teguh expressed in direct statements or congruently.To express the speaker's
certainty of his arguments in TV program where the speaker expresses judgments
as to the frequency with which something happens, it is reflecting intermediate
degree of proposition which is something that can be argued in particular way to
exchange information.
Futhermore
in
her
thesis
Sulistyowati,
(2010)writes
that
The
SpeechFunction in the conversation between the fourth semester Department
Students of Maria Kudus University and some foreigner.The main purposes of the
5
study are describing the speech functions chosen by the students and foreigner.
Explaining the role relation enactment amongthem, and also describing the
contribution of speech function in language education. The data of this study are
transcription of the students and the foreigner’s oral communication. The results
of the study capabilities in applying their grammar knowledge from speaking class
into real social roles, such asa negotiating the relationship of solidarity and
intimacy in participating in the oral communication.
Futhermore in her thesis Ruwaida,(2010) writes thatInterpersonal function
is a term used in semantics as a part of classification of types of meaning. The
main purposes of the study to describe how the speech functions are patterned in
classroom interaction, to investigate the types of speech functions used in
classroom interaction. The data of this study are based on The students are from
the Grade X consisting of 55 students State Senior High School 3
(SekolahMenengahAtas: SMA 3) Medan to discover speech function in classroom
interaction of the student. The result of the study show that both teacher and
students play an important role in classroom interaction. It is because of students
just answer questions from teacher and gave statements needed. And then they ask
questions if they still do not understand or if they do not get knowledge or
information. Calling & response to calling, exclamation & response to
exclamation, acknowledge offer, command & response offer to command were
not used by students. The reasons are students' role and students' position is not a
leader in class, they never command elements in class.
6
Futhermore in his thesis Hafiz Ahmad Bilal, (2012) writes that Analysis
of thank you M’AM: Halliday’s Metafunctions. The main purposes of the study
are analysis the examination of linguistics features of a text not only helps in
understanding the structure of the text but also the deep meanings of it. Such an
analysis reveals the hidden-self of the characters bringing out their intentions
behind the utterances which may appear difficult to grasp for a second language
learner. The data of this study to create a second language learning environment
that more accurately reflects how language is used and encourages learners toward
their goal of proficiency in another language.The result of the study are teachers
can use discourse analysis not only as a research method for investigating their
own teaching practices but also as a tool for studying interactions among language
learners. Learners can benefit from using discourse analysis to explore what
language is and how it is used to achieve communicative goals in different
contexts.
B. The Problem of The Study
Based on the explanation on the background of study, the problems of the
study were formulated as the following:
a) What types of speech functions are used in the songs of “ Westlife” ?
b) What is the most dominantly type of speech functions are used in the
songs of
“ Westlife ” ?
7
c) What the implication of the dominant types of speech functions are used in
Westlife song?
C. The Objective of The Study
Related to the problems of the study formulated above, the objectives of
the study are as follows:
a) To identify the types of Speech Functions that are used in the song.
b) Determining the type of Speech Functions that is used most dominantly in
The Westlife’s songs.
c) To find out the implication of the dominant types of speech functions in “
Westlife.”
D. The Scope of the Study
The Scope of this study is focused on the types of speech function
identified in Westlife’s songs. This study will be limited the eight sample of
song’s lyrics that are taken by random sampling. They are : If I let you go, I lay
my love on you, My love, I have a dream, Coming Home, Flying without wings,
Fool again, Season in the sun.
E. The Significance of The Study
The research findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
a) Theoretically, The readers help to understand using theory of knowledge
about speech function in song improving their skill correctly.
8
b) The researcher will give a new direction to linguistic research and
capability to understand analysis speech function by communication media
such as song which interested in effective communication as the
prospective object of research in the future.
9
32
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
After analyzing types of speech function in Westlife Song, the conclusions
are presented as follows:
1. The total numbers of the types of speech functions from the eight lyrics of
the Westlife’s songs were:
Statement/Declarative86.2%,Question/Interrogative6.5%,Offer/Interrogati
ve 0.7%, Command/Imperative 6.5%.
2. The most dominant the types of speech functions used in the eight
Westlife‘s Songs, It is Statement/Declarative (86.2%) .
3. In the mood system, declarative also the most dominant used in The Eight
Westlife’s songs.
4. In classifying the speech function also influence by context of situation. It
means that is not all statement is giving information, not all the question is
demanding information. It is depend on the context.
45
46
B. Suggestions
Referring to the result of this research, the following suggestions are
forwarding:
1. The writer suggest the student to learn more about Speech functions
because it is an interesting lesson that will help every students understand
the real meaning of the lyrics in Westlife’s song and the usages in
communication because language usage in the song is not different our
daily life communication.
2. The writer suggest the students of English Department are advised to study
more about every kind of writing, such as advertising, novel, newspaper,
song, etc, so they can get better understanding on how language is used in
communication.
3. The writer suggest to readers to find out other theories about speech
function in other text related to songs, because there are many interesting
book that explaining about speech function.
47
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Enggins, S. 1994. An introduction to Systemic Functional Linguitic. London:
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