Productivity Test Soil Latosol Reddish brown Landslide Vulnerability Through Study Influence Dosage Cow Manure and Intensity of Soil Cultivasion Against Growth and Sweet Corn Results
nd
nd
The 2 International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Science 2018 (The 2 ICTESS 2018)
Productivity Test Soil Latosol Reddish brown Landslide Vulnerability
Through Study Influence Dosage Cow Manure and Intensity of Soil
Cultivasion Against Growth and Sweet Corn Results
Priyono1, Rahayu2, S Minardi2, Suntoro2
1 S3 Agricultural Science Program of Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta and Lecturer of
Agricultural Faculty of Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta.
2 Faculty of Agriculture Lecturer of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
1. INTRODUCTION
Sweet corn is well known to the people of
Indonesia because it has a sweeter taste
than the ordinary corn, because in the
carbohydrate of the seeds contain sugar
production (glucose and fructose),
sucrose, polysaccharide and starch. The
sugar content in the sweet corn endosperm
is 5-6% and the starch content is 10-11%
while in the maize it is only 2-3%, so it is
preferable than ordinary corn and need to
increase the yield. Harjadi (1983)
mentions that one of the main factors that
need to be improved to achieve maximum
yield of the plant is to increase soil
productivity, so that the requirement of
plant nutrients is always controlled, by
improving cultivation techniques such as
soil cultivation and addition of soil
organic matter through fertilization. The
purpose of this study: (a). Determine the
effect of soil processing intensity on
growth and best yield of sweet corn, (b).
Determine the effect of cow dung manure
dosage on growth and best result of sweet
corn. (c) Determine the effect of
interaction between intensity of soil
processing and dosage of cow dung
manure to growth and the best result from
sweet corn.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research is a field research with basic
design Randomized Block Design (RBD)
which consists of two factors and 3
replications. Factors are: Factor 1 is the
intensity of soil processing (P) consists of
46
3 levels: P0 without tillage, P1 soil
processing once, and P2 soil processing
twice. Factor II is dosage of cow dung
manure (D) consists of 4 levels: D0
without cow dung manure, D1 dosage of
cow dung manure 5 ton / ha. D3 of cow
dung manure dose 10 ton / ha and D3 of
cow dung manure dose 15 ton / ha.
Research materials: Sweet corn Super
Sweet seed varieties, cow dung manure,
pesticides (Furadan 3G, Azodrin 15 WSC
and Dithane M-45. Tools used: hoe,
sickle, tugal, bucket, hand sprayer, roll
meter, rope, calipers, scales, ovens,
nameplate and stationery. The place of the
Research is in Koripan Village, Matesih
Sub-district,
Karanganyar
Regency,
Central Java from May 2017 to August
2017 on the soil of reddish brown Latosol.
Observations were made on a sample
plant of 5 plants per plot determined
randomly. The observation parameters
used: (1) Plant height (cm), (2) Number of
cobs per plant, (3) Diameter of cob with
its leather (Klobot) per plant (cm), (4)
Diameter of cobs without klobot per plant
(cm), (5) Length of cob weighted per plant
(cm), (6) Length of cob without klobot per
plant (cm), (7) Fresh weight of stover (g),
(8) Dry weight stover (g), and (9) Weight
of cob per plot (kg)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
a. Influence of Dosage Dump Fertilizer
Dosage. Based on statistical analysis (5%
BNJ Test) in tables 1 & 4 show that
dosage of cow manure manifest
significantly increased the weight of cob
per plot, but no increase in other
parameters (plant height (cm), Number of
cob per plant, cob weight per hectare per
plant (cm), cob diameter without klobot
per plant (cm), cob weight per hectare per
plant (cm), cob extension without klobot
per plant (cm), fresh weight stover (g) and
dry weight of stover (g)). The highest
yield was obtained at a dose of 15 tons /
ha (D3), although since the dose of 10
tons / ha there has been a significant
increase. This condition indicates that
with the addition of dose from 5 ton / ha
to 10 ton / ha the result is still not
maximal even increased until dosage 15
ton / ha still increase the result, so if
increased again still enable the result keep
increasing
Table 1. Result of BNJ Test of 5% level Influence of Dosage of Cow Manure on crops of sweet
corn
Dose
D0
D1
D2
D3
High
140,12a
147,10a
158,41a
153,22a
Σ Cobs
1,511a
1,600a
1,489a
1,556a
Diameter
claved
4,596a
4,704a
4,473a
4,830a
Diameter
Unclaved
4,038a
4,143a
4,224a
4,199a
Pnjg tongkol
claved
24,067a
24,828a
24,372a
26,239a
Pnjg tongkol Brt sgr bgks
Unclaved
18,916a
733,333a
28,626a
684,533a
18,516a
860,222a
19,850a
716,667a
Brt krg brgks Brt tongkol
per plot
122,840a
5,723a
125,027a
7,592a
140,173a
8,747c
131,646a
10,515d
Description: The 5% BNJ Test Result followed by the same letter between treatments on
each of the above parameters shows no significant difference.
This is due to the availability of nutrients
(especially N) in manure and productivity
of N (Landslide Latosol Rawan
Landslide) or by photosynthesis process is
still not able to increase maximum yield.
Furthermore, it is caused by: (1) Nutrient
content (especially N) in cow manure is
still not optimally available; (2) The soil
nature of Latosol Reddish chocolate
which is prone to landslides or high
constraints (table 5) resulting in low
productivity; except for (3) Inadequate
rainfall (Lanina) from May to August
2017 impacts on the process of
photosynthesis and respiration, as well as
an increase in the supply of nutrients
(macro and micro) that play a role to
stimulate the generative process as well as
increased yield (especially flowering and
cob formation). In addition, cow manure
plays a role in improving physical and
biological fertility (especially granulation,
structure, consistency, aeration, porosity,
and soil permeability) and chemical
properties (especially neutral soil acidity,
good nutrient availability, and cation
exchange capacity KTK), and saturation
of base rose Harjowigeno (1987), stated
that plant growth can be influenced by
various factors such as climate (sunlight,
temperature, air, water) and soil nutrient
content such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other
nutrients, and then clarified Wahyudin et
al (2015), that solar light is a source of
energy for the process of photosynthesis,
as well as the Ministry of Agriculture
(2013) explains that soil fertility factor
(including the provision of organic
fertilizer) is one factor of production that
has enough contribution (about 55%) of
the success of crop production
Photosynthesis is the basic process in
plants to produce food n will determine
the availability of energy for plant growth
and development (Kuyik et al, 2012).
Another important factor is superior
varieties, because superior varieties have
advantages over local varieties such as
production, pest resistance, disease and
weeds, fertilizer response, thus increasing
production in terms of quantity and
quality (Syafrudin et al, 2012).
Furthermore (2002)
describes the
provision of organic fertilizer, in addition
47
to increasing the production and
productivity of plants, will also improve
the ability of soil storing water, infiltration
capacity and soil drainage. Adianto (1993)
explains that manure is an organic
fertilizer derived from animal waste
containing elements of nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)
important role for the growth and
development of plants. Further, Las and
Setyorini (2010) confirmed that cow
manure and sheep manure contain
elements of N, K, P and Ca.
b. Influence Intensity of Soil Processing.
Based on statistical analysis (5% BNJ
Test) in tables 2 & 4 show that the
increase of soil intensity significantly
increased the length of the cob weighing,
the diameter of the cob without weight,
the diameter of the cob weighted and the
weight of cob per plot. The highest yield
was obtained on the intensity of soil
treatment 2 times (P2) with the weight of
cobs 8,385 kg per plot. This is caused by
the processing of soil 2 times the result
increases. Means with soil treatment 2
times (P2) will further stimulate the
increase in the content and the availability
of nutrients higher than the soil treatment
once (P1) or without soil treatment (P0).
So that if the increase again soil
processing, possible results will continue
to increase
Table 2. BNJ Test Result 5% Level Effect of Soil Processing Intensity on sweet corn crop yield
Proses High
Land claved
P0
148,54a
P1
148,00a
P2
152,60a
Σ Cobs
Diameter
Unclaved claved
1,533a
4,745a
1,500a
4,538a
1,550a
4,873a
Diameter Long Cob
Unclaved claved
4,140ab
25,938b
4,035a 25,029ab
4,277b
23,663a
Long Cob
Unclaved
19,746a
18,741a
14,445a
Weight Dry Weight Dry
stover
stover
770,667a 123,570a
794,783a 132,657a
680,617a 123,537ha
Weight Cob l
per plo
8,245ab
7,799a
8,385b
Description: The 5% BNJ test result followed by the same letter between treatments on each of
the above parameters shows no significant difference
This is due to (1) the occurrence of
increased
nutrient
content
and
availability by intensification of soil
preparation
(increasing
aeration,
drainage, and oxidation processes) can
ultimately
spur
increased
yields
(especially the diameter of cob weight
and cob weight per plot); (2). Adequate
rainfall in May to August 2017, has an
impact on the improvement of
photosynthesis and respiration processes,
as well as an increase in the content and
supply of nutrients (macro and micro). It
is still possible to increase the diameter
of cob weight and weight of cob per plot,
in addition to increasing soil fertility
(neutral soil acidity, as well as increases
in nutrient content and availability, as
well as cation exchange capacity and
basic saturation. Rosmarkam and
Yuwono (2002) states, phosphorus is a
compound making up plant tissues such
48
as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and fitin.
This element of P is necessary for the
formation of primordial flowers and
plant organs for reproduction (fruits,
seeds, tuna). Similarly, other factors
(environmental
factors)
such
as
temperature,
humidity
and
air
conditioning in the soil affect the work
of microorganisms in the soil. High
temperatures with low humidity can
support the work of microorganisms in
the soil (Adrianto, 2009). Means with
the existence of soil processing
(environmental factors) done before
planting and watering with the aim of
maintaining soil moisture, will also
stimulate the activity of microorganisms
in accelerating decomposition of soil
organic matter as well as to weathering
the soil. Good soil preparation and
organic soil feeding can increase growth
and sweet corn production, as reported
by Yassi and Rezkiani (2011) that
maximum soil treatment provides better
growth and production potential for
sweet corn and green beans.
c. Effect of Intensity Interaction of Soil
Processing and Dosage of Cow
Manure. Based on the results of
statistical analysis (5% BNJ Test) on
tables 3 & 4 shows that the interaction of
soil cultivation intensity and dosage of
cow manure can significantly increase the
weight of the weighted cob diameter and
the weight of cob per plot, while the other
parameter did not increase significantly.
This is due to (1) the increase of nutrient
content and the availability of nutrients
by the process of increasing the soil
treatment (increasing aeration, drainage,
and oxidation process) can finally
increase yield (especially the diameter of
cob weight and weight of cob per plot);
(2). Adequate rainfall in May to August
2017, has an impact on the improvement
of photosynthesis and respiration
processes, as well as an increase in
nutrient content and supply. It is still
possible to increase the diameter of cob
weight and weight of cob per plot, in
addition to increasing soil fertility
(neutral soil acidity, as well as increases
in nutrient content and availability, as
well as cation exchange capacity and
basic saturation. Adrianto (2009) asserts,
environmental
factors
such
as
temperature,
humidity
and
air
conditioning in the soil affect the work of
microorganisms in the soil. High
temperatures with low humidity can
support the working of microorganisms
in the soil. So that with the soil treatment
done before planting and watering with
the aim of maintaining soil moisture, will
also
stimulate
the
activity
of
microorganisms
in
accelerating
decomposition of soil organic matter as
well as to weathering the soil. Good soil
preparation and organic soil feeding can
increase growth and sweet corn
production, as reported by Yassi and
Rezkiani (2011) that the maximum soil
processors provide better growth and
production potential for sweet corn and
green beans. Furthermore, Sutanto (2002)
explained about the giving of organic
fertilizer, in addition to increase the
production and productivity of the plant,
also will improve the ability of soil
storing water, infiltration capacity and
soil drainage.
d. Influence Against Soil Productivity
And Plant Productivity. Based on the
results of the variance test followed by
BNJ Test 5% level and Score Ranking
Tests on Land Characteristics and Plants
(table 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6) showed that: First,
the intensity of soil treatment (I) on all
parameters observed showed significant
differences to very significant in Cobs
with klobot diameter, diameter of cobber
without klobot, cobbled weights and
heavy cobs per plot, but no significant
differences to plant height, number of
cobs, length of cob without klobot, fresh
weight of stover and dry weight of stover;
Second, the dosage of cow manure
manifest significantly increased the
weight of cob per plot, but no increase in
other parameters (plant height (cm),
number of cob per plant, cob weight per
hectare per plant (cm), cob diameter
without klobot per plant cm), length of
cob weighted per plant (cm), length of
cob without klobot per plant (cm), fresh
weight of stover (g), and dry weight of
stover (g)); Third, the interaction of soil
cultivation intensity and dosage of cow
manure can significantly increase the
diameter of cob weighted and cob weight
per plot, while the other parameters did
not increase significantly; Fourth, the
productivity of cob yield per hectare per
hectare (10.52 kg) is still higher than its
productivity potential of 10.36 kg of the
same varity (Super Sweet Varieties) from
49
productivity; except for (c) Inadequate
rainfall (Lanina) from May to August
2017 impacts on the process of
photosynthesis and respiration, as well as
an increase in the supply of nutrients
(macro and micro) that serve to stimulate
the generative process as well as
increased yield (especially flowering and
cob formation). In addition, cow manure
plays a role in improving physical and
biological
fertility
(especially
granulation,
structure,
consistency,
aeration, porosity, and soil permeability)
and chemical properties (especially
neutral soil acidity, good nutrient
availability, and cation exchange capacity
(5) Another important factor is superior
varieties, because superior varieties have
advantages over local varieties such as
production, pest resistance, disease and
weeds, fertilizer response, which will
increase production in terms of quantity
and quality (Syafrudin et al., 2012).
the description of the Department of
Agriculture (2000). This is due to (1) the
occurrence of increased nutrients and the
availability of nutrients by the process of
increasing the soil treatment (increasing
aeration, drainage, and oxidation process)
can ultimately increase yield; (2).
Inadequate rainfall in May to August
2017, has an impact on improving the
process of photo synthesis and
respiration, as well as an increase in
nutrient content and supply; (3) the effect
of the fertilizer dosage which is only
slightly due in particular to the period of
generative development (weight increase
of tuna); (4) The availability of nutrients
(especially N) in manure and productivity
of N (Landslide Landslide) and by
photosynthesis process have not been
able to increase maximum yield. Further
due to: (a) Nutrient content (especially N)
in cow manure is still not optimal; (b)
Soil properties of Latosol Reddish or
highly hazardous prone (Table 5) so low
Table 3. BNJ Test Results 5% level Influence Interaction Intensity of Soil Processing and
Dosage Cattle Fertilizer Against Sweet Corn Crops
Proses Dosie High
Land
claved
P0
D0
139,37a
P1
140,43a
D2
159,45a
D3
154,88a
Σ Cobs
Unclaved
1,733a
1,467a
1,535a
1,400a
Diameter
claved
4,532ab
4,438a
4,913ab
5,098b
Diameter
Unclaved
3,979a
3,946a
4,334a
4,303a
P1
D0
P1
D2
D3
137,17a
149,09a
150,37a
135,35a
1,400a
1,533a
1,333a
1,867a
4,542a
4,609ab
4,435a
4,565a
3,908a
4,135a
4,057a
4,041a
23,883a
25,850a
24,300a
26,133ab
17,900a
18,850a
19,267a
18,950a
720,667a
796,667a
807,333a
854,467a
118,511a
130,144a
136,704a
145,268a
5,666a
7,411b
8,620c
9,475a
P2
D0
P1
D2
D3
143,81a 1,400a
151,77a 1,8001a
165,41a 1,600a
153,22a 1,400a
4,713a
5,064a
4,882ab
4,828ab
4,226a
4,347a
4,282a
4,254a
23,800a
23,750a
22,683a
24,417a
19.050a
18.217a
17,733a
18,783a
768,667a
570,933a
843,333a
539,533a
121,820a
134,160a
142,008a
136,150a
5,835
7,870b
8,735b
11,141c
Long Cob Long Cob
claved
Unclaved
24,567a 19,800ab
24,883a
18,817a
26,133a
18,550a
28,167b
21,817a
Weight Fresh Weihght Dry Weight Cob
stover
stover
per plot
710,667a 728,190ab
5,668a
686,000a 170,777a
7,945b
030,000a 141,806a
8,886c
756,000a 113,511a
10,931d
Description: The 5% BNJ test result followed by the same letter between treatments on each of
the above parameters shows no significant difference
Table 4 Summary of Statistical Analysis About Mean, Fingerprint and BNJ 5% on the Effect of
Treatment on Sweet Corn Crops
Parameter
Processing Intensity Land (I)
TT
50
TR
Sig
Statistical Test Result
Dose Cow Manure (D)
TT
TR
Sig
Interaction I & D
TT
TR
Sig
Plant height
Number of Casks
Diameter of the cob claved
Diameter of the cob Unclaved
Length the cob claved
Long the Cob Unclaved
Weight Fresh stover
Weight Dry stover
Weight Cob per plot
150,11
2
4,90
4,04
25,94
19,59
680,62
133,59
8,40
147,50
1
4,54
4,45
23,66
18,22
669,79
123,57
7.80
NS
NS
**
*
*
NS
NS
NS
**
155,08
2
4,83
4,36
26,24
19,61
733,34
140,24
10.52
140,12
1
4,59
4,04
24,07
18,38
560,22
122,84
5,73
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
**
165,41
2
6,00
4,35
28,17
81,82
930,00
145,27
11,14
137,17
1
4,44
31,00
22,83
17,73
539,53
110,78
5,67
NS
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
*
Description: TT = Highest; TR = Lowest; Sig = Significance; NS = Non Significance; * =
Significance; ** = Very Significance;
Thus, it is possible to increase the
diameter of the cobs weights, the
diameter of the cob without clove The
length of the cob weighted and the
weight of cob per plot, in addition to
increasing soil fertility (neutral acidity of
the soil, as well as increases in nutrient
content and availability, as well as cation
exchange capacity and saturation base).
In the end it can be said, with the above
treatments can increase the productivity
of the land even a little (so still in the
category of productivity levels remain
low). Seriminawati et al. (2005) suggests
that good growth is supported by
sufficient nutrient uptake resulting in the
resulting photosynthate increased and
stored in storage tissue, thus affecting
the growth and growth of plant parts
which will ultimately increase the yield
of maize significantly. The formation of
cob is an important step in influencing
the yield of corn crops
Table 5: Geomorphology, Physical, Soil Chemistry and Determination of Avalanche
Landscreen Category Reddish Chocolate Latosol Land in Koripan Village, Kec.
Metesih, Karanganyar District.
Chemical Criteria &
Geomorphology Criteria &
Physical Criteria & Constraints
Constraints
Constraints
Score Identity
Identity
Identity
Real
Score¹
Real
Real
Score¹
¹
Elements
Elements
Elements
Oldeman's
acid
6
B
8
Texture
Clay loam
8
Soil
climate type
reaction
Al
2
CH (mm/th) 2000-3000
8
Structure
Crumbs, lumps
6
KTK
Low
8
Ramps, wavy,
ModeratelyVery
Relief
8
Drainage
8
KB
8
bumpy
rather quickly
low
Slope (%)
5-20
6
Permeabilitas
Medium
8
C-org
Low
8
Rock Type
Andesit
10
Consistency
Loud
8
N total
Low
8
Land use
Moor
8
Color
Sour red-brown
6
P2O5
Low
8
Excavation
Intensif
10
Rooting
Mikro
6
K+
Low
8
Banana, jackCa+
Low
8
Vegetasi
fruit, lamtoro, 8
Vegetable..
Potential
Almost Every
10
Mg+
Low
8
landslide
year
Organic
Type
Low
8
Slump
10
Materials
landslide
Organic
Good
2
Soil processing
Good
2
fertilizer
organic fertilizer Good
2
Σ Score
86
Σ Score
54 Σ Score
82
RESULT OF SWEET CORN
High
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN MAIZE High
8
Catagory²
SOILPRO
DUCTIVI
TY
SOIL
LAND
SLIDE
MEDIUM
wITH
Obstacles
Somewha
t High
(=7.42)
Description
¹) Score Level of Insecurity: 2-4-6-8-10 = Very Low-Low-Moderate-High-Very High. Total
Score = 86 + 54 + 82 + 8 = 230, so the average score = 230/31 = 7.42 (rather high).
51
²) Soil Category (Reddish Chocolate Latosol) ie: Avalanche Avalanche = Mean Score
Vulnerability = (7.42 = Agk high). So considering these constraints, soil productivity can still be
categorized is (but is temporary / very limited). so it is easy to degrade / degenerate the fertility
level (low soil productivity).
Based on Suhendar (2011) quote on
Adisarwanto (1999) research result, that
the formation of cobs that are less or
Table 6:
Geomorphology, Physical, Soil Chemistry and Biomass Element Result as well as
Determination of Category of Occurrence / Constraints for Sweet Corn Results On
Red Chocolate Latosol Land in Koripan Village, Kec. Matesih.
Geomorphology Criteria
Identity
Elements
imperfect can be caused by the lack of P
element.
Real
Score¹
Physical Criteria
Identity
Elements
Oldeman'
s climate
type
B
CH
(mm/th)
2000-3000
8
Structure
Relief
Ramps, wavy,
bumpy
8
Drainase
Slope (%)
5-20
6
Permea
bilitas
Type of
rock
Andesit
10
Land use
Moor
Excavatio
n
Vegetatio
n
8
Tecsture
Real
Clay loam
Score¹
8
Identity
Elements
Soil
Reaction
Real
Score¹
Acid,
somewhat
neutral
AL
2
6
Identity
Elements
Real
Score¹
Plant
height
Low
8
6
KTK
Low
8
Σ cob
claved
Low
8
8
KB
Low
8
Diameter
cob claved
Very high
2
Medium
8
C-org
Low
8
Tinggi
4
Consist
encysi
Loud
8
N total
Low
8
High
4
8
Color
Reddish
brown
6
P2O5
Low
8
Low
8
Intensif
10
Perakar
an
Micro Macro,
a bitt
6
K+
Low
8
Low
8
Banana,
lamtoro
jackfruit
8
Ca+
Low
Dry Weight
stover
Low
8
Very high
2
Remah,
gumpal
Moderatelyrather
quickly
8
Diameter
cob
unclaved
Long cob
claved
Long cob
unclaved
Fresh
weight of
stover
Potential
landslide
Almost Every
year
10
Mg+
Low
8
Weight
cobs per
plot
Type of
landslide
Slump
10
Organic
Materials
Low
8
Light
86
Humidity
Σ Score
80
Σ Score
LAND PRODUCTIVITY OF BROWN
LATOSOL LANDSLIDE
Σ Scose
Cata
gory
Criterion Results
Chemical Criteria
ΣScore
LAND LATOSOL BROWN LOWER OF LDSLIDE HOSPITALITY
50
Medium
6
High
8
64
Medium
nd
The 2 International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Science 2018 (The 2 ICTESS 2018)
Productivity Test Soil Latosol Reddish brown Landslide Vulnerability
Through Study Influence Dosage Cow Manure and Intensity of Soil
Cultivasion Against Growth and Sweet Corn Results
Priyono1, Rahayu2, S Minardi2, Suntoro2
1 S3 Agricultural Science Program of Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta and Lecturer of
Agricultural Faculty of Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta.
2 Faculty of Agriculture Lecturer of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
1. INTRODUCTION
Sweet corn is well known to the people of
Indonesia because it has a sweeter taste
than the ordinary corn, because in the
carbohydrate of the seeds contain sugar
production (glucose and fructose),
sucrose, polysaccharide and starch. The
sugar content in the sweet corn endosperm
is 5-6% and the starch content is 10-11%
while in the maize it is only 2-3%, so it is
preferable than ordinary corn and need to
increase the yield. Harjadi (1983)
mentions that one of the main factors that
need to be improved to achieve maximum
yield of the plant is to increase soil
productivity, so that the requirement of
plant nutrients is always controlled, by
improving cultivation techniques such as
soil cultivation and addition of soil
organic matter through fertilization. The
purpose of this study: (a). Determine the
effect of soil processing intensity on
growth and best yield of sweet corn, (b).
Determine the effect of cow dung manure
dosage on growth and best result of sweet
corn. (c) Determine the effect of
interaction between intensity of soil
processing and dosage of cow dung
manure to growth and the best result from
sweet corn.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research is a field research with basic
design Randomized Block Design (RBD)
which consists of two factors and 3
replications. Factors are: Factor 1 is the
intensity of soil processing (P) consists of
46
3 levels: P0 without tillage, P1 soil
processing once, and P2 soil processing
twice. Factor II is dosage of cow dung
manure (D) consists of 4 levels: D0
without cow dung manure, D1 dosage of
cow dung manure 5 ton / ha. D3 of cow
dung manure dose 10 ton / ha and D3 of
cow dung manure dose 15 ton / ha.
Research materials: Sweet corn Super
Sweet seed varieties, cow dung manure,
pesticides (Furadan 3G, Azodrin 15 WSC
and Dithane M-45. Tools used: hoe,
sickle, tugal, bucket, hand sprayer, roll
meter, rope, calipers, scales, ovens,
nameplate and stationery. The place of the
Research is in Koripan Village, Matesih
Sub-district,
Karanganyar
Regency,
Central Java from May 2017 to August
2017 on the soil of reddish brown Latosol.
Observations were made on a sample
plant of 5 plants per plot determined
randomly. The observation parameters
used: (1) Plant height (cm), (2) Number of
cobs per plant, (3) Diameter of cob with
its leather (Klobot) per plant (cm), (4)
Diameter of cobs without klobot per plant
(cm), (5) Length of cob weighted per plant
(cm), (6) Length of cob without klobot per
plant (cm), (7) Fresh weight of stover (g),
(8) Dry weight stover (g), and (9) Weight
of cob per plot (kg)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
a. Influence of Dosage Dump Fertilizer
Dosage. Based on statistical analysis (5%
BNJ Test) in tables 1 & 4 show that
dosage of cow manure manifest
significantly increased the weight of cob
per plot, but no increase in other
parameters (plant height (cm), Number of
cob per plant, cob weight per hectare per
plant (cm), cob diameter without klobot
per plant (cm), cob weight per hectare per
plant (cm), cob extension without klobot
per plant (cm), fresh weight stover (g) and
dry weight of stover (g)). The highest
yield was obtained at a dose of 15 tons /
ha (D3), although since the dose of 10
tons / ha there has been a significant
increase. This condition indicates that
with the addition of dose from 5 ton / ha
to 10 ton / ha the result is still not
maximal even increased until dosage 15
ton / ha still increase the result, so if
increased again still enable the result keep
increasing
Table 1. Result of BNJ Test of 5% level Influence of Dosage of Cow Manure on crops of sweet
corn
Dose
D0
D1
D2
D3
High
140,12a
147,10a
158,41a
153,22a
Σ Cobs
1,511a
1,600a
1,489a
1,556a
Diameter
claved
4,596a
4,704a
4,473a
4,830a
Diameter
Unclaved
4,038a
4,143a
4,224a
4,199a
Pnjg tongkol
claved
24,067a
24,828a
24,372a
26,239a
Pnjg tongkol Brt sgr bgks
Unclaved
18,916a
733,333a
28,626a
684,533a
18,516a
860,222a
19,850a
716,667a
Brt krg brgks Brt tongkol
per plot
122,840a
5,723a
125,027a
7,592a
140,173a
8,747c
131,646a
10,515d
Description: The 5% BNJ Test Result followed by the same letter between treatments on
each of the above parameters shows no significant difference.
This is due to the availability of nutrients
(especially N) in manure and productivity
of N (Landslide Latosol Rawan
Landslide) or by photosynthesis process is
still not able to increase maximum yield.
Furthermore, it is caused by: (1) Nutrient
content (especially N) in cow manure is
still not optimally available; (2) The soil
nature of Latosol Reddish chocolate
which is prone to landslides or high
constraints (table 5) resulting in low
productivity; except for (3) Inadequate
rainfall (Lanina) from May to August
2017 impacts on the process of
photosynthesis and respiration, as well as
an increase in the supply of nutrients
(macro and micro) that play a role to
stimulate the generative process as well as
increased yield (especially flowering and
cob formation). In addition, cow manure
plays a role in improving physical and
biological fertility (especially granulation,
structure, consistency, aeration, porosity,
and soil permeability) and chemical
properties (especially neutral soil acidity,
good nutrient availability, and cation
exchange capacity KTK), and saturation
of base rose Harjowigeno (1987), stated
that plant growth can be influenced by
various factors such as climate (sunlight,
temperature, air, water) and soil nutrient
content such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other
nutrients, and then clarified Wahyudin et
al (2015), that solar light is a source of
energy for the process of photosynthesis,
as well as the Ministry of Agriculture
(2013) explains that soil fertility factor
(including the provision of organic
fertilizer) is one factor of production that
has enough contribution (about 55%) of
the success of crop production
Photosynthesis is the basic process in
plants to produce food n will determine
the availability of energy for plant growth
and development (Kuyik et al, 2012).
Another important factor is superior
varieties, because superior varieties have
advantages over local varieties such as
production, pest resistance, disease and
weeds, fertilizer response, thus increasing
production in terms of quantity and
quality (Syafrudin et al, 2012).
Furthermore (2002)
describes the
provision of organic fertilizer, in addition
47
to increasing the production and
productivity of plants, will also improve
the ability of soil storing water, infiltration
capacity and soil drainage. Adianto (1993)
explains that manure is an organic
fertilizer derived from animal waste
containing elements of nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)
important role for the growth and
development of plants. Further, Las and
Setyorini (2010) confirmed that cow
manure and sheep manure contain
elements of N, K, P and Ca.
b. Influence Intensity of Soil Processing.
Based on statistical analysis (5% BNJ
Test) in tables 2 & 4 show that the
increase of soil intensity significantly
increased the length of the cob weighing,
the diameter of the cob without weight,
the diameter of the cob weighted and the
weight of cob per plot. The highest yield
was obtained on the intensity of soil
treatment 2 times (P2) with the weight of
cobs 8,385 kg per plot. This is caused by
the processing of soil 2 times the result
increases. Means with soil treatment 2
times (P2) will further stimulate the
increase in the content and the availability
of nutrients higher than the soil treatment
once (P1) or without soil treatment (P0).
So that if the increase again soil
processing, possible results will continue
to increase
Table 2. BNJ Test Result 5% Level Effect of Soil Processing Intensity on sweet corn crop yield
Proses High
Land claved
P0
148,54a
P1
148,00a
P2
152,60a
Σ Cobs
Diameter
Unclaved claved
1,533a
4,745a
1,500a
4,538a
1,550a
4,873a
Diameter Long Cob
Unclaved claved
4,140ab
25,938b
4,035a 25,029ab
4,277b
23,663a
Long Cob
Unclaved
19,746a
18,741a
14,445a
Weight Dry Weight Dry
stover
stover
770,667a 123,570a
794,783a 132,657a
680,617a 123,537ha
Weight Cob l
per plo
8,245ab
7,799a
8,385b
Description: The 5% BNJ test result followed by the same letter between treatments on each of
the above parameters shows no significant difference
This is due to (1) the occurrence of
increased
nutrient
content
and
availability by intensification of soil
preparation
(increasing
aeration,
drainage, and oxidation processes) can
ultimately
spur
increased
yields
(especially the diameter of cob weight
and cob weight per plot); (2). Adequate
rainfall in May to August 2017, has an
impact on the improvement of
photosynthesis and respiration processes,
as well as an increase in the content and
supply of nutrients (macro and micro). It
is still possible to increase the diameter
of cob weight and weight of cob per plot,
in addition to increasing soil fertility
(neutral soil acidity, as well as increases
in nutrient content and availability, as
well as cation exchange capacity and
basic saturation. Rosmarkam and
Yuwono (2002) states, phosphorus is a
compound making up plant tissues such
48
as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and fitin.
This element of P is necessary for the
formation of primordial flowers and
plant organs for reproduction (fruits,
seeds, tuna). Similarly, other factors
(environmental
factors)
such
as
temperature,
humidity
and
air
conditioning in the soil affect the work
of microorganisms in the soil. High
temperatures with low humidity can
support the work of microorganisms in
the soil (Adrianto, 2009). Means with
the existence of soil processing
(environmental factors) done before
planting and watering with the aim of
maintaining soil moisture, will also
stimulate the activity of microorganisms
in accelerating decomposition of soil
organic matter as well as to weathering
the soil. Good soil preparation and
organic soil feeding can increase growth
and sweet corn production, as reported
by Yassi and Rezkiani (2011) that
maximum soil treatment provides better
growth and production potential for
sweet corn and green beans.
c. Effect of Intensity Interaction of Soil
Processing and Dosage of Cow
Manure. Based on the results of
statistical analysis (5% BNJ Test) on
tables 3 & 4 shows that the interaction of
soil cultivation intensity and dosage of
cow manure can significantly increase the
weight of the weighted cob diameter and
the weight of cob per plot, while the other
parameter did not increase significantly.
This is due to (1) the increase of nutrient
content and the availability of nutrients
by the process of increasing the soil
treatment (increasing aeration, drainage,
and oxidation process) can finally
increase yield (especially the diameter of
cob weight and weight of cob per plot);
(2). Adequate rainfall in May to August
2017, has an impact on the improvement
of photosynthesis and respiration
processes, as well as an increase in
nutrient content and supply. It is still
possible to increase the diameter of cob
weight and weight of cob per plot, in
addition to increasing soil fertility
(neutral soil acidity, as well as increases
in nutrient content and availability, as
well as cation exchange capacity and
basic saturation. Adrianto (2009) asserts,
environmental
factors
such
as
temperature,
humidity
and
air
conditioning in the soil affect the work of
microorganisms in the soil. High
temperatures with low humidity can
support the working of microorganisms
in the soil. So that with the soil treatment
done before planting and watering with
the aim of maintaining soil moisture, will
also
stimulate
the
activity
of
microorganisms
in
accelerating
decomposition of soil organic matter as
well as to weathering the soil. Good soil
preparation and organic soil feeding can
increase growth and sweet corn
production, as reported by Yassi and
Rezkiani (2011) that the maximum soil
processors provide better growth and
production potential for sweet corn and
green beans. Furthermore, Sutanto (2002)
explained about the giving of organic
fertilizer, in addition to increase the
production and productivity of the plant,
also will improve the ability of soil
storing water, infiltration capacity and
soil drainage.
d. Influence Against Soil Productivity
And Plant Productivity. Based on the
results of the variance test followed by
BNJ Test 5% level and Score Ranking
Tests on Land Characteristics and Plants
(table 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6) showed that: First,
the intensity of soil treatment (I) on all
parameters observed showed significant
differences to very significant in Cobs
with klobot diameter, diameter of cobber
without klobot, cobbled weights and
heavy cobs per plot, but no significant
differences to plant height, number of
cobs, length of cob without klobot, fresh
weight of stover and dry weight of stover;
Second, the dosage of cow manure
manifest significantly increased the
weight of cob per plot, but no increase in
other parameters (plant height (cm),
number of cob per plant, cob weight per
hectare per plant (cm), cob diameter
without klobot per plant cm), length of
cob weighted per plant (cm), length of
cob without klobot per plant (cm), fresh
weight of stover (g), and dry weight of
stover (g)); Third, the interaction of soil
cultivation intensity and dosage of cow
manure can significantly increase the
diameter of cob weighted and cob weight
per plot, while the other parameters did
not increase significantly; Fourth, the
productivity of cob yield per hectare per
hectare (10.52 kg) is still higher than its
productivity potential of 10.36 kg of the
same varity (Super Sweet Varieties) from
49
productivity; except for (c) Inadequate
rainfall (Lanina) from May to August
2017 impacts on the process of
photosynthesis and respiration, as well as
an increase in the supply of nutrients
(macro and micro) that serve to stimulate
the generative process as well as
increased yield (especially flowering and
cob formation). In addition, cow manure
plays a role in improving physical and
biological
fertility
(especially
granulation,
structure,
consistency,
aeration, porosity, and soil permeability)
and chemical properties (especially
neutral soil acidity, good nutrient
availability, and cation exchange capacity
(5) Another important factor is superior
varieties, because superior varieties have
advantages over local varieties such as
production, pest resistance, disease and
weeds, fertilizer response, which will
increase production in terms of quantity
and quality (Syafrudin et al., 2012).
the description of the Department of
Agriculture (2000). This is due to (1) the
occurrence of increased nutrients and the
availability of nutrients by the process of
increasing the soil treatment (increasing
aeration, drainage, and oxidation process)
can ultimately increase yield; (2).
Inadequate rainfall in May to August
2017, has an impact on improving the
process of photo synthesis and
respiration, as well as an increase in
nutrient content and supply; (3) the effect
of the fertilizer dosage which is only
slightly due in particular to the period of
generative development (weight increase
of tuna); (4) The availability of nutrients
(especially N) in manure and productivity
of N (Landslide Landslide) and by
photosynthesis process have not been
able to increase maximum yield. Further
due to: (a) Nutrient content (especially N)
in cow manure is still not optimal; (b)
Soil properties of Latosol Reddish or
highly hazardous prone (Table 5) so low
Table 3. BNJ Test Results 5% level Influence Interaction Intensity of Soil Processing and
Dosage Cattle Fertilizer Against Sweet Corn Crops
Proses Dosie High
Land
claved
P0
D0
139,37a
P1
140,43a
D2
159,45a
D3
154,88a
Σ Cobs
Unclaved
1,733a
1,467a
1,535a
1,400a
Diameter
claved
4,532ab
4,438a
4,913ab
5,098b
Diameter
Unclaved
3,979a
3,946a
4,334a
4,303a
P1
D0
P1
D2
D3
137,17a
149,09a
150,37a
135,35a
1,400a
1,533a
1,333a
1,867a
4,542a
4,609ab
4,435a
4,565a
3,908a
4,135a
4,057a
4,041a
23,883a
25,850a
24,300a
26,133ab
17,900a
18,850a
19,267a
18,950a
720,667a
796,667a
807,333a
854,467a
118,511a
130,144a
136,704a
145,268a
5,666a
7,411b
8,620c
9,475a
P2
D0
P1
D2
D3
143,81a 1,400a
151,77a 1,8001a
165,41a 1,600a
153,22a 1,400a
4,713a
5,064a
4,882ab
4,828ab
4,226a
4,347a
4,282a
4,254a
23,800a
23,750a
22,683a
24,417a
19.050a
18.217a
17,733a
18,783a
768,667a
570,933a
843,333a
539,533a
121,820a
134,160a
142,008a
136,150a
5,835
7,870b
8,735b
11,141c
Long Cob Long Cob
claved
Unclaved
24,567a 19,800ab
24,883a
18,817a
26,133a
18,550a
28,167b
21,817a
Weight Fresh Weihght Dry Weight Cob
stover
stover
per plot
710,667a 728,190ab
5,668a
686,000a 170,777a
7,945b
030,000a 141,806a
8,886c
756,000a 113,511a
10,931d
Description: The 5% BNJ test result followed by the same letter between treatments on each of
the above parameters shows no significant difference
Table 4 Summary of Statistical Analysis About Mean, Fingerprint and BNJ 5% on the Effect of
Treatment on Sweet Corn Crops
Parameter
Processing Intensity Land (I)
TT
50
TR
Sig
Statistical Test Result
Dose Cow Manure (D)
TT
TR
Sig
Interaction I & D
TT
TR
Sig
Plant height
Number of Casks
Diameter of the cob claved
Diameter of the cob Unclaved
Length the cob claved
Long the Cob Unclaved
Weight Fresh stover
Weight Dry stover
Weight Cob per plot
150,11
2
4,90
4,04
25,94
19,59
680,62
133,59
8,40
147,50
1
4,54
4,45
23,66
18,22
669,79
123,57
7.80
NS
NS
**
*
*
NS
NS
NS
**
155,08
2
4,83
4,36
26,24
19,61
733,34
140,24
10.52
140,12
1
4,59
4,04
24,07
18,38
560,22
122,84
5,73
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
**
165,41
2
6,00
4,35
28,17
81,82
930,00
145,27
11,14
137,17
1
4,44
31,00
22,83
17,73
539,53
110,78
5,67
NS
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
*
Description: TT = Highest; TR = Lowest; Sig = Significance; NS = Non Significance; * =
Significance; ** = Very Significance;
Thus, it is possible to increase the
diameter of the cobs weights, the
diameter of the cob without clove The
length of the cob weighted and the
weight of cob per plot, in addition to
increasing soil fertility (neutral acidity of
the soil, as well as increases in nutrient
content and availability, as well as cation
exchange capacity and saturation base).
In the end it can be said, with the above
treatments can increase the productivity
of the land even a little (so still in the
category of productivity levels remain
low). Seriminawati et al. (2005) suggests
that good growth is supported by
sufficient nutrient uptake resulting in the
resulting photosynthate increased and
stored in storage tissue, thus affecting
the growth and growth of plant parts
which will ultimately increase the yield
of maize significantly. The formation of
cob is an important step in influencing
the yield of corn crops
Table 5: Geomorphology, Physical, Soil Chemistry and Determination of Avalanche
Landscreen Category Reddish Chocolate Latosol Land in Koripan Village, Kec.
Metesih, Karanganyar District.
Chemical Criteria &
Geomorphology Criteria &
Physical Criteria & Constraints
Constraints
Constraints
Score Identity
Identity
Identity
Real
Score¹
Real
Real
Score¹
¹
Elements
Elements
Elements
Oldeman's
acid
6
B
8
Texture
Clay loam
8
Soil
climate type
reaction
Al
2
CH (mm/th) 2000-3000
8
Structure
Crumbs, lumps
6
KTK
Low
8
Ramps, wavy,
ModeratelyVery
Relief
8
Drainage
8
KB
8
bumpy
rather quickly
low
Slope (%)
5-20
6
Permeabilitas
Medium
8
C-org
Low
8
Rock Type
Andesit
10
Consistency
Loud
8
N total
Low
8
Land use
Moor
8
Color
Sour red-brown
6
P2O5
Low
8
Excavation
Intensif
10
Rooting
Mikro
6
K+
Low
8
Banana, jackCa+
Low
8
Vegetasi
fruit, lamtoro, 8
Vegetable..
Potential
Almost Every
10
Mg+
Low
8
landslide
year
Organic
Type
Low
8
Slump
10
Materials
landslide
Organic
Good
2
Soil processing
Good
2
fertilizer
organic fertilizer Good
2
Σ Score
86
Σ Score
54 Σ Score
82
RESULT OF SWEET CORN
High
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN MAIZE High
8
Catagory²
SOILPRO
DUCTIVI
TY
SOIL
LAND
SLIDE
MEDIUM
wITH
Obstacles
Somewha
t High
(=7.42)
Description
¹) Score Level of Insecurity: 2-4-6-8-10 = Very Low-Low-Moderate-High-Very High. Total
Score = 86 + 54 + 82 + 8 = 230, so the average score = 230/31 = 7.42 (rather high).
51
²) Soil Category (Reddish Chocolate Latosol) ie: Avalanche Avalanche = Mean Score
Vulnerability = (7.42 = Agk high). So considering these constraints, soil productivity can still be
categorized is (but is temporary / very limited). so it is easy to degrade / degenerate the fertility
level (low soil productivity).
Based on Suhendar (2011) quote on
Adisarwanto (1999) research result, that
the formation of cobs that are less or
Table 6:
Geomorphology, Physical, Soil Chemistry and Biomass Element Result as well as
Determination of Category of Occurrence / Constraints for Sweet Corn Results On
Red Chocolate Latosol Land in Koripan Village, Kec. Matesih.
Geomorphology Criteria
Identity
Elements
imperfect can be caused by the lack of P
element.
Real
Score¹
Physical Criteria
Identity
Elements
Oldeman'
s climate
type
B
CH
(mm/th)
2000-3000
8
Structure
Relief
Ramps, wavy,
bumpy
8
Drainase
Slope (%)
5-20
6
Permea
bilitas
Type of
rock
Andesit
10
Land use
Moor
Excavatio
n
Vegetatio
n
8
Tecsture
Real
Clay loam
Score¹
8
Identity
Elements
Soil
Reaction
Real
Score¹
Acid,
somewhat
neutral
AL
2
6
Identity
Elements
Real
Score¹
Plant
height
Low
8
6
KTK
Low
8
Σ cob
claved
Low
8
8
KB
Low
8
Diameter
cob claved
Very high
2
Medium
8
C-org
Low
8
Tinggi
4
Consist
encysi
Loud
8
N total
Low
8
High
4
8
Color
Reddish
brown
6
P2O5
Low
8
Low
8
Intensif
10
Perakar
an
Micro Macro,
a bitt
6
K+
Low
8
Low
8
Banana,
lamtoro
jackfruit
8
Ca+
Low
Dry Weight
stover
Low
8
Very high
2
Remah,
gumpal
Moderatelyrather
quickly
8
Diameter
cob
unclaved
Long cob
claved
Long cob
unclaved
Fresh
weight of
stover
Potential
landslide
Almost Every
year
10
Mg+
Low
8
Weight
cobs per
plot
Type of
landslide
Slump
10
Organic
Materials
Low
8
Light
86
Humidity
Σ Score
80
Σ Score
LAND PRODUCTIVITY OF BROWN
LATOSOL LANDSLIDE
Σ Scose
Cata
gory
Criterion Results
Chemical Criteria
ΣScore
LAND LATOSOL BROWN LOWER OF LDSLIDE HOSPITALITY
50
Medium
6
High
8
64
Medium